^' s ' -!>.. -p'-^' 1 ■' ^ * r-^-^- ■/ j:>'^^„ ^ '-TfC-' >; *-. r "■ .^^ ^* > 1 ^ •••^' Lx-^^^ 1 T '* 1 1 ./-^A--- •;.'.?? . C:r ;-*"«l-Jl^ / ''■ri,-,«.. vr- DISCOVERY REPORTS VOLUME IV I Cambridge University Press Fetter Lane, London Neiu York Bombay^ Calcutta^ Madras Toronto Macmillan Tokyo Maruzen Company, Ltd All rights reserved DISCOVERY REPORTS ^/^- ^^ Issued by the Discovery Committee Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Government of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands VOLUME IV CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1932 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN CONTENTS STATION LIST 1929-1931 (published July, 1932) Introduction R.R.S. 'Discovery II', Stations 300-700 R.R.S. 'William Scoresby', Stations WS 434-575 Marine Biological Station, Stations MS 83-106 Summarized List of Stations . . . . Plates I-V page 3 6 . 166 222 ■ 230 following page 230 OLIGOCHAETA. PART I. MICRODRILI (mainly ENCHYTRAEIDAE) (published May, 1932) By J. Stephenson, CLE., M.B., D.Sc, F.R.S. Introduction . page 235 Geographical Distribution Degeneration of the Internal Organs in the Enchytraeidae Variation in Form of the Nephridia in the Enchytraeidae Systematic Bibliography OLIGOCHAETA. PART II. EARTHWORMS (published May, 1932) By Grace E. Pickford, Ph.D. Osborn Zoological Laboratory, Yale University Introduction List of Species Systematic FORAMINIFERA. PART I. THE ICE-FREE AREA OF THE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS (published August, 1932) By Edward Heron-Allen, F.R.S. and Arthur Earland, F.R.M.S. Introductory Note .... The Falkland Area and its Foraminifera Previous Work in the Area . Material Examined .... List of New Genera, Species and Varieties Systematic Account .... Bibliography Index Plates VI-XVII 235 237 240 241 264 page 267 . 268 269 FALKLAND page 293 293 298 302 310 310 443 452 following page 460 [Discovery Reports, Vol. IV, pp. 1-232, Plates I- V, July, 1932] DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS STATION LIST 1929-1931 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION R.R.S. 'discovery II ', STATIONS 3OO-700 R.R.S. 'WILLIAM SCORESBY', STATIONS WS 434-575 MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATION, STATIONS MS 83-I06 SUMMARIZED LIST OF STATIONS PLATES I-V page 3 6 166 222 230 following page 230 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS STATION LIST 1929-193 1 (Plates I-V) INTRODUCTION THE following lists contain particulars of all stations made by the R.R.S. ' Discovery 11 ' from January 1930 to May 193 1, by the R.R.S. 'William Scoresby' from May 1929 to April 193 1 and by the staff of the Marine Biological Station, South Georgia, from November 1930 to March 193 1 . Stations taken by the ' Discovery II ' are entered first : they are numbered in continuation of those taken by the 'Discovery' in 1925-7 and have no letters prefixed to the numbers. Those of the 'William Scoresby' and the Marine Biological Station follow and are distinguished respectively by the prefixed letters WS and MS. In most respects the lists are drawn up on the same lines as those previously published (vol. I, pp. 3-5, and vol. 11, pp. i, 2), but there are a few innovations in that for stations made by the ' Discovery 11'. In this list the force of the wind is given in knots, as in- dicated by a Munro anemometer, instead of by Beaufort's scale, and both dry and wet bulb readings for air temperature are inserted. Soundings taken by the echo-sounding apparatus are distinguished by an asterisk. Estimation of hydrogen-ion concentration was made by the colorimetric method, cresol red being used as indicator with McClendon's standards, and phosphate content was determined by Atkins' method. Nitrate was estimated by Harvey's method and nitrite with the Griess-Ilosvay reagent. Submarine illumination was measured photo- chemically by the decomposition of uranyl oxalate solutions. The following symbols are used for nets and apparatus : B Oblique. BNR Russell's bottom tow-net. An N 100 net (see below) attached to a frame 4 ft. 10 in. (1-47 m.) long and 15 in. (38 cm.) wide, with skids on either side which keep the mouth 6 in. (15 cm.) above the bottom. CWS Water sample centrifuged for phytoplankton. DC Conical dredge. Mouth 16 in. in diameter (40-5 cm.) with canvas bag. DGB Depth gauge, Budenberg pattern. DGP Pressure depth gauge: a modification of the Budenberg pattern. DLH Large dredge. Heavy pattern, 4 ft. in length (1-2 m.). H Horizontal. HH Hand harpoon. KT Kelvin tube. LH Hand lines. V^ "^"i,! Nets with mesh of 4 or 7 mm. (o-i6 in. or 0-28 in.) attached to back of trawl. N 7-TJ • t / \ N 50 50 cm. tow-net. Mouth circular, 50 cm. in diameter (19-5 in.) : 200 meshes to the Unear inch. N 70 70 cm. tow-net. Mouth circular, 70 cm. in diameter (27-5 in.) : mesh graded, at cod-end 74 to the linear inch. N 100 I m. tow-net. Mouth circular, i m. in diameter (3-3 ft.): mesh graded, at cod-end of stramin with 10-12 meshes to the linear inch. N 450 4|- m. tow-net. Mouth circular, 4J m. in diameter (14-8 ft.): mesh graded, cod-end of 7 mm. (0-28 in.) netting, lined for part of its length with 4 mm. (o-i6 in.) netting. ND Dip net. A circular frame 2 m. in diameter (6-6 ft.) with a very shallow bag of coarse netting. Used on the bottom in shallow water with bait lashed to the centre of the netting. NH Hand net. OTL Large otter trawl. Head-rope 40 ft. long (12-2 m.): mesh at cod-end ij in. (3-2 cm.). Sh. Coll. Shore collecting. TD Transparency (or Secchi) disc, 50 cm. in. diameter (19-5 in.). TN Fish-trap. Rectangular, with | in. wire netting. TYF Young-fish trawl. A bag of stramin, with 10-12 meshes to the linear inch, attached to a circular frame 2 m. in diameter (6-6 ft.). V Vertical. To the symbols for tow-nets (N 450, N 100, N 70, N 50 and TYF) B, H or V is always added to indicate the direction in which the haul was taken. For determining the depths of horizontal and oblique nets, Kelvin tubes or depth gauges were constantly employed. Their use is indicated by symbols in the " Remarks " column, and where no such symbol appears it is to be understood that the depth was estimated. Time is expressed on the 24-hour system, the day ending with midnight (0000). In the list for the ' Discovery II ' the difference* from Greenwich mean time is noted in the "Remarks" column, this difference holding good until another entry is made. In the ' William Scoresby ' list the times are approximately local apparent time. In the columns for Biological Observations the entry under "from" states the time when all the warp was paid out. That under "to", with bottom nets and horizontal tow-nets, gives the time when hauling began ; with oblique nets, or with any which were closed, the time is that when the haul ended — either by closure, or by arrival at the surface. When nets were hauled in the dark, the times are printed in heavy type. At the end of the lists (p. 230) will be found a summary of the stations made by the 'Discovery 11' and 'William Scoresby' with references to the charts on which the positions are marked. * To convert ship's time to g.m.t. the figure in the "Remarks" column is to be added or subtracted according to sign. R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY IT, STATIONS 300-700 R.R.S. 'WILLIAM SCORESBY', STATIONS WS 434-575 MARINE BIOLOGICAL STATION, STATIONS MS 83-106 300-303 R.R.S. Discovery II Static Position 300 301 302 52° 26I' S, 37° 14' w 52° 36I' S, 37° 14' W 52° 461' S, 37° 12' W 303 53^ 00' S, 37° II' W Date 1930 20 i 20-21 21 I Hour 1730 2122 0230 034s 0838 IOI3 1430 Sounding (metres) WIND 2258 h. 1858 h. 2213 di. Oz. 2750 h. Direction N NW NNW NNW NW W SEA W ,< N WNW 15 16 18 19 Direction N NW NNW NNW NW W W X N WNW 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 Weather C. C. c. d. O =3 990-1 9907 9907 990-0 990-1 991-7 991-5 991-5 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 4-1 3-8 3-7 3-6 3-6 4-2 4-0 5-0 Wet bulb 3-9 V6 3-6 3-5 3-6 4-0 3-« 4-5 Remarks mod. W swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. NW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 300-303 Station c o o ^>- HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p.n TIME M < Depth (metres) Temp. °c. S 7ec, at pH ^2^5 mgm. p.m.' 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 300 21 2-92 33-84 26-99 8-07 83 N50V 1 00-0 1730 + 2 hours G.M.T. 10 2-88 33-84 26-99 8-07 75 — N70V 50-0 20 2-84 33-85 27-00 8-07 66 — i» 100-50 30 2-60 33-85 27-02 8-07 89 ~ ,, 250-100 40 2-55 33-85 27-02 8-07 85 — ,, 500-250 50 2-50 33-86 27-03 8-07 86 — »i 750-500 60 2-35 33-86 27-04 8-07 93 — ,, 1000-750 — 2036 80 100 0-40 - o-io 33-94 33-97 27-25 27-30 7-97 7-97 III 128 N70B NiooB 1 00-0 2058 2122 150 0-45 34-14 27-41 7-87 125 200 1-38 34-37 27-53 7-82 129 300 1-70 34-51 27-62 7-82 129 400 1-72 34-58 27-68 7-82 144 600 1-97 34-72 27-77 7-84 134 800 I -So 34-72 27-78 7-83 130 1000 1-63 34-69 27-77 7-94 126 1500 I-OI 34-69 27-81 7-87 125 • 2000 0-64 34-69 27-83 7-84 125 301 21 2-85 33-84 26-99 8-08 79 6-64 N50V 1 00-0 2234 10 2-70 33-84 27-00 8-o8 71 7-60 N70 V 50-0 20 2-68 33-84 27-01 8-o8 71 7-89 ■)■> 100-50 30 2-65 33-85 27-01 8-08 69 — n 250-100 40 2-65 33-84 27-01 8-08 76 7-23 )> 500-250 50 2 -60 33-85 27-02 8-08 79 — n 750-500 60 2-45 33-86 27-03 8-08 85 7-20 1, 1000-750 — 0155 80 100 I-IO — 0-20 33-91 34-02 27-18 27-35 8-00 7-98 93 123 7-51 N70B NiooB i 1 1 0-0 0237 0257 KT 150 o-6o 34-18 27-43 7-88 126 200 1-62 34-40 27-54 7-86 139 5-01 300 I -So 34-53 27-63 7-83 137 400 1-88 34-56 27-65 7-85 139 4-28 600 1-97 34-70 27-76 7-95 134 3-50 800 i-8i 34-72 27-78 7-95 125 3-24 1000 1-66 34-72 27-79 — 133 2-72 1500 0-98 34-72 27-84 7-88 129 3-79 1750 074 34-72 27-86 7-88 134 3-70 302 21 2-81 33-84 27-00 8-08 69 — N50 V IO0~O 0415 10 2-78 33-84 27-00 8-08 68 — N70V 50-0 20 2-72 33-84 27-00 8-08 71 — ,, 100-50 30 2-6o 33-84 27-01 8-08 98 — ,, 250-100 40 2-58 33-84 27-01 8-08 85 — )» 500-250 so 2-50 33-84 27-02 8-08 90 — ft 750-500 60 2-48 33-84 27-02 8-06 83 — ,, 1000-750 — 0648 80 100 0-90 - 0-22 33-85 33-93 27-14 27-27 8-00 7-97 109 119 N70B N 100 B 1 165-0 0907 0927 KT 150 -o-i8 34-11 27-42 7-89 123 200 072 34-25 27-48 7-83 132 300 1-66 34-42 27-54 7-80 132 400 1-78 34-54 27-65 7-79 137 600 2-01 34-65 27-71 7-88 144 800 1-91 34-67 27-74 7-86 136 1000 1-76 34-69 27-76 7-88 1500 1-27 34-67 27-78 7-88 2000 o-8o 34-65 27-79 7-90 133 303 21 2-95 33-84 26-98 8-09 73 6-04 N50V 1 00-0 1048 10 2-95 33-84 26-98 8-09 71 — N70 V 50-0 20 2-92 33-84 26-99 8-09 64 7-08 >> 100-50 30 2-8o 33-85 27-00 8-09 76 — ,, 250-100 40 2-70 33-84 27-00 8-09 74 6-96 n 500-250 303-306 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 303 colli. 304 305 306 Position 53° 00' S, 37° "' W 53° o6' S, 37° 14' W 53° 17' S, 37° 10' W 53° 28' S, 37° 07' W Date 1930 21 i 21 21-22 Hour 1540 1945 2115 22 1 0140 0430 Sounding (metres) 2916 di. Oz. 790 gy.S.M. WIND Direction NWx W NW NW WNW WNW ,0 c 16 13 13 16 18 SEA Direction WNW NW NW WNW WNW 3-4 3 2-3 3-4 3-4 Weather C. Air Temp. ° C. 991-4 991-3 991-3 990-8 990-6 Dry bulb 5-0 4-2 3-8 3-7 3-6 Remarks Wet bulb 5-0 4-2 mod. NW swell 3-8 mod. NW swell 3-5 3-4 mod. NW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 303-306 Station c o o ,^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks PoOt TIME 0) ■— ' < Depth (metres) Temp. S7oo at pH A 2S-'5 mgm. p.in.^ 0, cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 303 21 50 2-45 33-84 27-02 8-04 84 N 70 V 750-500 cont. 60 I-5S 33-87 27-12 8-04 91 7-46 >» 1000-750 — 1250 80 100 0-40 -0-05 33-93 34-02 27-24 27-34 7-98 7-95 108 "3 7-25 N70B N 100 B j "9-0 1439 1459 KT 150 0-50 34-25 27-49 7-85 137 200 1-05 34-29 27-49 7-82 137 5-17 300 1-65 34-52 27-63 7-78 151 400 I -80 34-56 27-65 7-75 145 4-31 600 1-96 34-56 27-64 7-88 129 3-53 800 1-91 34-69 27-75 7-92 125 3-70 1000 1-69 34-72 27-79 7-93 125 3-67 1500 1-24 34-69 27-79 7-88 139 4-42 2000 0-86 34-65 27-79 7-92 139 4-39 2500 0-59 34-63 27-79 7-92 139 4-36 304 22 3-10 33-82 26-96 8-o8 85 — N50 V 1 00-0 1555 10 3-05 33-82 26-96 8-08 83 — N70V 50-0 20 3-00 33-83 26-97 8-07 85 — „ 100-50 30 2-90 33-83 26-98 8-o8 83 — >> 250-100 40 2-8o 33-82 26-99 8-08 78 — „ 500-250 50 2-50 33-84 27-02 8-08 85 — ,, 750-500 60 1-85 33-84 27-07 8-03 86 — »t 1000-750 — 1823 80 100 o-io - 0-30 33-89 33-93 27-22 27-27 7-93 7-88 116 123 z N70B NiooB j 146-0 1956 2016 KT 150 0-35 34-13 27-40 7-83 125 200 I -OS 34-29 27-49 7-80 132 300 1-70 34-42 27-54 7-80 137 400 1-80 34-54 27-64 7-77 151 600 1-97 34-63 27-70 7-78 147 800 1-91 34-69 27-75 7-80 137 1000 1-75 34-69 27-76 7-88 137 1500 1-35 34-67 27-78 7-88 137 2000 0-94 305 22 3-30 33-78 26-91 8-08 84 6-31 N50V 1 00-0 2130 10 3-30 33-78 26-91 8-o8 83 8-29 N70V 50-0 20 3-15 33-79 26-93 8-o8 76 7-46 100-50 30 2-95 33-78 26-94 8-o8 80 — ■ 250-100 40 2-92 33-78 26-95 8-o8 85 6-95 500-250 50 2-90 33-78 26-95 8-o6 84 — 750-500 60 2-55 33-80 26-99 8-04 81 6-37 1000-750 — 2353 80 I -60 33-80 27-06 8-OI 96 — N70B \ I 00-0 0026 0046 100 0-15 33-95 27-27 7-90 139 7-15 N 100 B j 150 0-20 34-10 27-39 7-85 144 200 1-32 34-27 27-46 7-80 145 5 -02 300 1-70 34-45 27-57 7-77 145 400 1-95 34-54 27-63 7-77 147 3-96 600 2-02 34-62 27-69 7-84 140 3-73 Soo 1-96 34-70 27-76 7-86 140 3-93 1000 1-82 34-70 27-77 7-88 140 3-85 1500 1-47 34-72 27-81 7-88 136 4-28 306 22 3-20 33-78 26-92 8-o6 86 — N50V 1 00-0 0150 10 3-20 33-78 26-92 8-06 88 — N70V 50-0 20 3-20 33-77 26-90 8-05 86 — 100-50 30 3-12 33-78 26-93 8-05 85 — ,, 250-100 40 3-95 33-79 26-95 8-05 81 — ,, 500-250 5° 2-55 33-80 26-99 8-02- 86 — )> 750-500 — 0418 60 80 1-50 0-80 33-80 33-84 27-06 27-14 7-98 7-93 105 109 N70B N 100 B i 168-0 0450 0510 KT 100 0-05 33-93 27-26 7-88 126 150 0-68 34-05 27-32 7-8i 125 306-311 R.R.S. Discovery II Statii Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction iH O o c SEA Direction Weather 4^ U Mb Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb Wet bulb Remarks 306 cont. 307 308 309 310 311 53" 28' S, 37° 07' W 53° 36' S, 37° 04' W 54° 07I' S, 36° 241' W 54° ooi' S, 36° 12' W 53° 53*' S, 36° 00' W 53° 47' S. 35° 48i' W 1930 22 i 22 : 241 241 241 241 0548 1210 1500 1733 1955 2254 187 R. 121 gy. M. 254 gn.M. 150 R. 697 gn.M.S. WNW sw NNE NNE NNE WNW 20 17 10 12 10 WNW SW conf. NNE WNW 1-2 conf. o-i o-i b.c. b. b. b. b. 990-9 1010-4 1011-6 1014-1 1014-2 1015-6 3-6 3-5 3-6 3-3 2-9 3-0 2-3 2-8 2-7 2-5 mod. WNW swell mod. WSW swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell heavy conf. WNW swell 10 R.R.S. Discovery II 306-311 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station P2O5 mgm. p.m.' TIME Remarks OTJ M < Depth (metres) Temp. S "/,o at pH 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 306 22 200 1-22 34-23 27-43 7-79 130 cant. 300 400 600 700 I -So 1-94 1-98 1-97 34-40 34-47 34-56 34-60 27-52 27-57 27-64 27-67 7-76 7-78 7-79 7-80 133 132 144 142 307 22 3-20 33-74 26-88 8-07 79 8-29 N50V 1 00-0 0605 10 3-20 33-75 26-89 8-07 73 8-15 N70V 50-0 20 3-20 33-78 26-92 8-07 73 8-03 ,, 100-50 30 3-i8 33-78 26-92 8-05 79 — ,, 180-100 — 0708 40 50 2-80 2-60 33-78 33-78 26-96 26-97 8-04 8-04 80 91 7-25 N70B NiooB } 137-0 0732 0748 KT 60 1-48 33-80 27-07 7-98 94 7-58 80 o-8o 33-86 27-15 7-92 98 100 0-25 34-00 27-31 7-88 130 6-89 150 0-60 34-11 27-37 7-8i 137 175 0-95 34-16 27-39 7-81 133 6-67 308 25 3-25 33-71 26-86 8-12 81 6-60 N50V 1 00-0 1223 10 3-18 33-73 26-88 8-12 85 7-15 N70 V 50-0 20 3-02 33-73 26-89 8-12 80 7-23 ,, 100-50 — 1250 30 2-45 33-80 27-00 8-09 85 — N70B • 106-0 1336 1420 KT 40 1-93 33-80 27-04 8-o8 90 7-12 NiooB ) 50 1-90 33-81 27-05 8-o6 95 60 1-70 33-84 27-09 8-o6 109 6-74 80 1-60 33-89 27-13 8-04 105 100 1-40 33-89 27-15 8-03 108 6-34 115 0-93 33-89 27-18 8-02 123 6-28 309 25 3-48 33-77 26-88 8-IO 80 — N50V 1 00-0 1517 10 3-28 33-77 26-90 8-10 94 — N70V 50-0 20 3-i8 33-77 26-91 8-10 86 — >? 100-50 30 2-62 33-77 26-96 8-09 85 — ,, 240-100 — 1537 40 1-87 33-77 27-02 8-o6 94 — N70B }• 137-0 1614 1636 KT 50 1-62 33-80 27-06 8-06 no — NiooB 60 1-15 33-80 27-09 8-04 lOI 80 0-62 33-93 27-23 7-99 118 100 0-35 33-98 27-29 7-96 119 150 0-55 34-11 27-38 7-92 133 200 1-23 34-31 27-50 7-83 160 240 1-50 34-34 27-50 7-81 158 310 25 3-50 33-78 26-89 8-12 90 6-51 N50V 1 00-0 1743 10 3-25 33-77 26-90 8-12 86 7-34 N70V 50-0 20 3-15 33-77 26-91 8-11 86 6-74 j» 100-50 30 3-02 33-77 26-92 8-II 95 — ,, 145-100 — 1815 40 2-90 33-80 26-96 8-10 100 7-26 N70B - 133-0 1840 1859 KT 50 1-61 33-81 27-07 8-o6 lOI — N 100 B 1 ii 60 0-58 33-85 27-17 8-00 114 7-03 80 0-45 34-02 27-31 7-94 130 100 0-50 34-05 27-33 7-93 126 6-34 145 o-8i 34-16 27-40 7-90 137 5-22 311 25 3-25 33-76 26-90 8-II 74 — N50V 1 00-0 2002 10 3-°5 33-76 26-91 8-11 73 — N70V 50-0 20 3-00 33-75 26-91 8-10 71 ,, 100-50 30 2-85 33-75 26-92 8-09 80 — i» 250-100 40 2-50 33-75 26-95 8-09 84 — ,, 500-250 50 1-15 33-76 27-06 8-04 108 — ,, 690-500 — 2135 60 0-92 33-78 27-09 8-03 104 — N70B 146-0 2225 2252 KT 80 0-32 33-80 27-14 8-00 118 — N 100 B 139-0 2145 2206 KT 100 0-40 33-87 27-20 7-97 134 II 311 315 Station 311 cont. 312 313 314 315 Position 53°47rs,35°48rW 53°39rS,35°37i'W 53° 32i' S, 35° 24l' W 53° 56' S, 37° 14' W 53° 46' S, 37° 14' W R.R.S. Discovery II Date 1930 24 i 24-25 Hour 2340 0348 251 291 29 1 Sounding (metres) 2092 G. 0520 1000 0824 1037 3519 di. Oz. WIND Direction 108 M. S. St. 161 M.S.St. WNW NW NNW N C o o c wsw wsw 15 14 SEA Direction 17 24 WNW NW NNW NNW WSW Weatlier paw o. r. b.c. ioi6-i ioiS'4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 1014-9 I0I2-I 2-3 2-4 Wet bulb 2-6 1008-3 3-0 4-0 37 2-4 Remarks heavj' WNW swell. Large tabular berg abeam heavy NW swell 2-6 3-0 heavy NW swell 3-5 3-3 mod. WSW swell mod. SW swell 12 R.R.S. Discovery 11 311-315 Station c o o ^ P V - >. ■n43 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P.>Or TIME O -73 M < Depth (metres) Temp. S 7,:„ at pH p.m.' O2 cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 311 25 150 o-8o 34-04 27-31 7-92 137 cunt. 200 300 400 600 1-30 1-90 1-95 2-00 34-18 34-40 34-45 34-54 27-39 27-52 27-56 27-63 7-86 7-85 7-87 132 140 130 312 25 2-45 33-85 27-04 8-10 86 4-53 N50 V 1 00-0 2350 10 2-45 33-84 27-03 8-09 80 6-29 N70 V 50-0 20 2-45 33-87 27-05 8-09 91 — •>t 100-50 30 2-30 33-90 27-09 8-09 79 — ,, 220-100 40 1-90 33-91 27-13 8-07 98 5-78 11 500-250 — 0345 ■io 60 1-68 1-20 33-90 33-92 27-14 27-19 8-07 8-06 96 116 7-51 N70B NiooB ) 150-0 0401 0423 KT 80 o-6o 33-96 27-26 8-02 121 100 0-40 34-09 27-37 7-96 139 150 1-05 34-26 27-47 7-88 145 200 1-55 34-41 27-55 7-88 140 6-57 300 1-88 34-51 27-61 7-84 147 400 1-95 34-55 27-64 7-86 140 4-13 600 2-00 34-67 27-73 7-88 133 3-32 1500 1-40 34-70 27-80 8-04 124 4-34 313 25 2-55 33-84 27-02 8-10 108 — N50V 1 00-0 0530 10 2-55 33-86 27-04 8-10 106 — N70 V 50-0 20 2-45 33-86 27-04 8-09 100 — 100-50 30 2-30 33-86 27-06 8-09 96 — 250-100 40 2-20 33-87 27-07 8-07 100 — 500-250 50 1-45 33-87 27-13 8-05 III — 750-500 60 I-2I 33-93 27-19 8-04 109 — 1000-750 — 0720 80 100 0-35 0-20 33-93 34-04 27-24 27-34 7-98 7-94 125 145 z N70B NiooB j 164-0 0947 lOIO KT 150 0-75 34-18 27-42 7-88 174 200 0-96 34-23 27-45 7-87 151 300 1-89 34-44 27-55 7-82 169 400 1-98 34-54 27-63 7-81 167 600 2-o6 34-61 27-68 7-88 147 1500 1-92 34-67 27-74 7-93 137 2000 0-83 34-68 27-82 7-90 152 2500 0-52 34-67 27-83 7-91 144 3000 0-37 34-65 27-83 7-93 142 314 29 2-46 33-80 26-99 8-09 113 — N50V 1 00-0 0845 10 2-40 33-78 26-99 8-09 no — N70V 50-0 20 2-20 33-78 27-00 8-09 III — >> 100-50 — 0910 30 40 1-90 1-85 33-82 33-85 27-06 27-08 8-09 8-05 116 123 N70B NiooB - 106-0 0919 0935 KT 50 I -So 33-85 27-08 8-06 114 60 1-56 33-87 27-12 8-03 118 80 i-i8 33-92 27-18 8-02 126 100 i-i8 33-95 27-21 8-02 124 315 29 3-28 33-78 26-91 8-12 76 7-52 N50V 1 00-0 1040 10 3-00 33-78 26-94 8-12 61 7-41 N70V 50-0 20 2-90 33-77 26-93 8-13 80 7-18 »» 100-50 30 270 33-77 26-94 8-IO 84 — >> 150-100 — I ri6 40 2-15 33-77 26-99 8-10 95 7-03 N70B j- 91-0 1 142 1200 KT 5° 1-75 33-85 27-08 8-08 99 — N 100 B 60 i-i8 33-89 27-16 8-o6 115 6-86 80 072 33-96 27-25 8-02 125 100 0-65 33-96 27-25 7-99 125 6-42 150 0-65 34-05 27-32 7-96 137 5-76 316-320 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 316 317 318 319 Position 53°54l'S,38°oi'W S3°47i'S,38°i2rW 53°39'S,38°24rW S3' 37' S, 38° 39^ W to 53° 33*' S, 38° 37' W 320 Date 1930 29 i 29 : 29-30 i Hour 1515 1730 2000 2250 0230 53°ioVS,39°44rW 301 1601 2010 Sounding (metres) 119 M. S. St. 265 gy. M. 166 gy. M. S. 2408 di. Oz. 3932 di. Oz. WIND Direction NW N NNE NNE NNE ,0 c 13 22 19 NNE NE SEA Direction 18 NW N NNE NNE NNE NNE NE Weather b.c. c. z. b. c. m. b. c. m. 6:2 = CIS p I0I2-0 IOI37 1013-3 1007-2 I0I0-8 993-0 990-3 Air Temp. "C. Dry bulb 4-5 4-0 3-5 4-0 3-5 5-6 5' I Wet bulb 4-0 3-8 3-5 3-8 3-5 4-9 4-9 Remarks mod. W swell mod. W swell mod. conf. swell mod. W swell mod. NE swell 14 R.R.S. Discovery II 316-320 Station c o „ ^^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P-Oj TIME to < Depth (metres) Temp. S Voo at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 316 o 2-84 33-81 26-97 8-12 78 7-72 N50V 1 00-0 1525 10 2-28 33-81 27-02 8-12 79 7-26 N70V 50-0 20 2-22 33-81 27-02 8-12 93 7-38 yy 100-50 — 1545 30 40 2-12 172 33-83 33-85 27-05 27-08 8-11 8-09 83 95 N70B NiooB - 106-0 1615 1634 KT SO 1-48 33-86 27-11 8-07 94 60 0-82 33-93 27-21 8-03 III 6-63 80 0-58 33-96 27-26 7-98 113 100 0-56 34-02 27-31 7-96 115 6-52 317 o V08 33-85 26-98 8-22 68 — N50 V 1 00-0 1745 10 2-76 33-84 27-00 8-18 68 — N70V 50-0 20 2-68 33-85 27-01 8-19 70 — ,, 100-50 30 2-65 33-84 27-01 8-19 69 — >> 250-100 — 1820 40 50 2-6o 2-l8 33-84 33-84 27-01 27-05 8-18 8-13 74 74 — N70B NiooB 1 130-0 1842 1901 KT 60 1-55 33-85 27-10 8-09 88 80 o-6o 33-98 27-27 8-03 125 100 0-41 34-04 27-33 8-00 128 150 0-56 34-12 27-38 7-94 144 200 0-95 34-23 27-45 7-89 144 250 1-05 34-27 27-48 7-88 145 318 3-10 33-85 26-98 8-18 93 6-75 N50V 1 00-0 2010 10 270 33-85 27-01 8-18 90 7-19 N70V 50-0 20 270 33-85 27-01 8-18 86 7-05 ,, 100-50 30 2-6o 33-85 27-02 8-17 105 — „ 150-100 2050 40 50 2-55 2-30 33-85 33-85 27-02 27-04 8-i6 8-14 94 93 7-07 N70B N 100 B 1 104-0 2133 2152 KT 60 1-75 33-93 27-15 8-09 116 6-66 80 0-65 34-03 27-31 7-98 125 100 0-50 34-05 27-33 7-96 130 6-32 150 0-62 34-12 27-38 7-92 156 5-69 319 3-38 33-85 26-95 8-15 73 — N50V 1 00-0 2253 10 3-42 33-85 26-94 8-i6 78 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-35 33-85 26-95 8-16 71 — 100-50 30 3-10 33-85 26-98 8-15 70 — 250-100 40 3-08 33-85 26-98 8-15 76 — 500-250 5° 3-05 33-85 26-98 8-15 73 — 750-500 60 3-00 33-85 26-99 8-15 75 — 1000-750 OII6 80 100 278 I -08 33-88 33-89 27-03 27-16 8-14 8-09 84 125 N70B NiooB 1 168-0 0241 0301 KT 150 o-o8 34-04 27-35 7-97 132 200 0-92 34-26 27-47 7-89 152 300 1-85 34-43 27-55 7-85 164 400 2-00 34-54 27-63 7-84 158 600 1-98 34-57 27-65 7-85 162 800 1-92 34-68 •27-74 7-87 156 1000 179 34-70 27-77 7-90 158 1500 1-47 34-70 27-80 7-92 158 2000 1-02 34-70 27-83 7-95 158 320 I 3-85 33-80 26-86 8-18 71 — N50V 100-0 161O 10 3-88 33-80 26-86 8-20 69 — N70V 50-0 20 3-72 33-79 26-87 8-19 63 — 100-50 30 3-7° 33-79 26-88 8-18 68 — 250-100 40 3-65 33-80 26-89 8-i8 74 — 500-250 50 3-60 33-80 26-89 8-18 74 — 750-500 60 3-48 33-80 26-90 8-18 81 — 1000-750 — 1806 80 90 2-02 0-88 33-82 33-82 27-05 27-13 8-13 8-05 108 108 — N70B N 100 B 1 1 19-0 1955 2015 KT 15 320-323 R.R.S. Discovery II btation 320 COIlt. 321 322 323 Position 53°ioi'S,39°44rW 53° 17' S, 39° 31' W 53° 241' S, 39° lyi' W tc 53° 27' S, 39° 22' W 53° 28' S, 38° 55' W to 53° 29' S, 38° 55i' W Date 1930 301 3O731 i 31 1 Hour 2106 0326 0442 0925 I 100 I4I7 Sounding (metres) 4117 di. Oz. 3274 sm. St. 2935 sm. St. WIND Direction NE ;< N NE NE ;■; N ESE SE 1> to 18 19 17 SEA Direction NE NE NNE ESE SE 2-3 Weather o. q. p. r. o.f. o.f. o.f. 989-3 984-8 984-4 984-4 985-4 984-6 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 5-1 4-8 4-2 4-3 4-1 4-0 Wet bulb 4-8 4-7 4-2 4-3 4-1 3-8 Remarks mod. NE swell heavy conf. N swell heavy conf. NE and NW swell heavy W and mod. NE swell heavy W swell 16 R.R.S. Discovery II 320-323 Station c o o — , c >. M HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7,0 at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 320 I lOO -0-08 33-86 27-20 7-99 125 cimt. 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 — 0-50 0-25 1-30 1-62 1-77 176 I-S3 1-04 0-66 0-42 0-23 o-io 34-00 34-20 34-45 34-58 34-67 34-70 34-70 34-71 34-70 34-69 34-69 34-68 27-34 27-47 27-60 27-69 27-75 27-78 27-80 27-83 27-85 27-84 27-86 27-86 7-92 7-89 7-85 7-84 7-92 7-92 7-92 7-91 7-93 8-02 8-04 8-03 126 134 142 147 147 136 134 133 130 132 137 140 321 I 4-00 33-82 26-87 8-20 40 6-22 N50 V 1 00-0 2119 10 3-95 33-82 26-87 8-19 56 6-49 N70V 50-0 20 3-90 33-82 26-88 8-19 55 6-40 ,, 100-50 30 3-82 33-82 26-89 8-18 60 — J) 250-100 ■" 40 3-52 33-82 26-92 8-i6 70 6-65 J» 500-250 50 3-4° 33-82 26-93 8-i6 78 — ,, 750-500 60 3-40 33-82 26-93 8-i6 76 6-46 ,, 1000-750 — 2352 80 100 1-85 -0-28 33-87 33-89 27-10 27-24 S-ii 8-00 105 145 6-33 N70B N 100 B j- 135^ 0310 0330 KT 150 -0-52 34-06 27-39 7-92 140 200 0-12 34-16 27-44 7-90 145 6-30 300 1-62 34-49 27-61 7-85 149 400 1-82 34-57 27-66 7-85 151 4-05 600 1-86 34-66 27-73 7-88 145 3-475 800 1-70 34-69 27-76 7-96 133 3-69 1000 I-S8 34-70 27-79 7-96 144 3-72 1500 1-05 34-71 27-83 7-96 147 3-99 2000 0-82 34-70 27-84 8-00 142 3-89 2500 0-52 34-70 27-86 8-01 149 3000 0-37 34-68 27-85 8-02 154 3-83 3800 — o-oi 34-68 27-87 8-03 142 2-79 . 322 I 3-6i 33-8i 26-90 8-18 75 — N50V 1 00-0 0455 10 3-58 33-81 26-90 8-18 71 — N70V 50-0 20 3-58 33-81 26-90 8-i6 68 — 100-50 30 3-58 33-81 26-90 8-16 68 — 250-100 40 3-55 33-81 26-91 8-15 71 — 500-250 50 3-53 33-83 26-92 8-15 75 — 750-500 60 3-52 33-83 26-92 8-15 70 — 1000-750 — 0745 80 100 3-32 0-58 33-83 33-91 26-94 27-22 8-13 8-04 81 no N70B NiooB 1 II3-0 0904 0924 KT 150 0-I2 34-09 27-38 7-92 126 200 0-98 34-27 27-48 7-89 140 300 1-70 34-43 27-56 7-84 136 400 1-88 34-54 27-64 7-84 134 600 1-93 34-67 27-73 7-87 144 800 I -80 34-69 27-75 7-88 147 1000 1-67 34-71 27-79 7-92 144 1500 1-13 34-73 27-84 7-94 140 2000 0-74 34-73 27-87 7-94 144 2500 0-45 34-70 27-86 8-02 140 3000 0-22 34-67 27-85 7-95 140 323 2 3-38 33-80 26-91 8-18 79 6-835 N50V 1 00-0 1 105 10 3-35 33-83 26-94 8-17 79 6-78 N70V 50-0 20 3-35 33-82 26-94 8-i6 76 6-85 M 100-50 30 3-30 33-82 26-94 8-15 78 — ,, 250-100 40 3-28 33-82 26-94 8-15 81 6-86 )) 500-250 17 323-326 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 323 colli. 324 325 326 Position 53°28'S, 38°5<;'Wto 53° 29' S, 38° 55|' W 54° 56' S, 39° 57' W to 54° 56' S, 40° 01' W 54° 53' S, 39° 40' W to 54° 51' S, 39° 37' W Date Hour 54° 33' S, 38° 29i' W to 54° 32*' S, 38° 28' W 1930 31 i 0S50 1250 I 11 1403 1819 Sounding (metres) 0130 0415 3010 di. Oz. 2822 di. Oz. sm. St. WIND Direction E S X E SSW sw o c 18 20 SEA Direction 19 216 gn. M. SW WSW 18 E conf. conf. SW SW WSW 3-4 3-4 Weather 3-4 o. r. s. o. r. s. o.d o. d. a P 9637 968-4 Air Temp. ° C. 968-7 975-1 977-5 979-0 Dry bulb 1-4 Wet bulb 2-4 3-5 3-5 2-8 1-3 2-2 Remarks 3-5 3-2 heavy conf. swell mod. conf. swell heavy conf. swell heavy SW swell mod . W swell 18 R.R.S. Discovery 11 323-326 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p 1 TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S7oo at pH mgm . p.m.^ 0, cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 323 2 SO 3-00 33-82 26-97 8-13 85 _ N70V 750-500 cont. 6o 1-50 33-83 27-09 8-09 105 6-52 )» 1000-750 — 1247 8o 0-50 33-91 27-22 7-99 134 — N70B I 93-0 1358 1418 KT 100 -0-15 34-00 27-33 7-94 142 6-32 NiooB 150 -0-35 34-20 27-49 7-89 152 200 1-35 34-33 27-50 7-84 149 4-6i 300 i-8i 34-50 27-60 7-85 164 • 400 1-96 34-57 27-65 7-86 154 3-72 600 i-g6 34-62 27-70 7-90 137 3-47 800 1-84 34-65 27-72 7-90 137 3-90 1000 1-62 34-70 27-79 7-92 144 3-875 1500 1-08 34-70 27-82 7-92 142 4-26 2000 0-79 34-70 27-84 7-92 140 4-29 2500 0-50 34-69 27-84 7-92 147 4-59 324 2 3-10 33-86 26-99 8-15 99 — N50V lOO-O 0855 10 3-10 33-85 26-98 8-14 99 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-10 33-86 26-99 8-14 103 — „ 100-50 30 3-05 33-86 26-99 8-12 98 — ,, 250-100 40 2-98 33-87 27-01 8-12 107 — )i 500-250 50 1-35 33-92 27-18 8-10 123 — ,, 750-500 60 0-92 33-92 27-20 8-07 121 — „ 1000-750 — 1215 80 100 - 0-22 -0-28 33-97 34-01 27-31 27-34 8-00 7-97 123 141 z N70B NiooB 1 142-0 1230 1250 KT 150 0-38 34-18 27-45 7-92 149 200 1-38 34-32 27-49 7-89 133 300 1-55 34-45 27-59 7-85 146 400 1-69 34-51 27-62 7-84 147 600 1-93 34-63 27-70 7-85 142 800 1-93 34-71 27-77 7-86 146 1000 I -80 34-71 27-78 7-93 134 1500 1-39 34-73 27-82 7-94 13s 2000 0-88 34-73 27-86 7-95 137 2500 0-48 34-72 27-87 7-95 134 325 3 3-32 33-87 26-98 8-13 97 6-89 N50V 1 00-0 1411 10 3-32 33-87 26-98 8-11 90 6-95 N70V 50-0 20 3-32 33-87 26-98 8-11 98 7-06 >J 100-50 30 3-32 33-87 26-98 8-11 lOI — )» 250-100 40 3-20 33-92 27-03 8-10 88 6-92 ,, 500-250 SO 3-20 33-94 27-04 8-10 96 — >» 750-500 60 2-8o 33-94 27-08 8-08 102 6-93 ,j 1000-750 — 1551 80 0-60 33-96 27-26 8-02 120 — N70B - 137-0 1758 1818 KT 100 0-25 34-01 27-31 7-99 121 6-53 N 100 B ) ^' / J 150 0-52 34-12 27-39 7-94 125 200 1-32 34-21 27-41 7-90 125 5-54 300 1-88 34-38 27-51 7-88 127 400 2-08 34-47 27-56 7-87 141 4-22 600 2-13 34-47 27-56 7-89 121 3-98 800 2-05 34-52 27-60 7-90 133 3-99 1000 2-09 34-60 27-67 7-90 134 1500 1-85 34-71 27-77 7-91 121 3-70 2000 1-36 34-73 27-83 7-93 120 4-08 2500 0-94 34-72 27-85 7-94 124 4-31 2750 0-67 34-71 27-86 8-03 125 4-28 326 3 3-35 33-86 26-97 8-12 84 7-47 N50V 1 00-0 0139 10 3-35 33-86 26-97 8-11 87 6-52 N70V 50-0 20 3-35 33-86 26-97 8-II 87 5-79 ,, 100-50 30 3-35 33-86 26-97 8-12 87 — >> 200- I 00 — 0216 40 3-35 33-86 26-97 8-10 88 6-90 N70B 81-0 0355 0417 KT. For N loo B see St. 330 50 3-35 33-86 26-97 S-io 91 19 326-333 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 326 coiit. 327 328 329 330 331 Position 54° 33' S, 38° 29r W to 54°32|'S,38°28'W 54°26i'S, 38°o6'Wto 54° 25' S, 38° 03' W Date 1930 2 ii 54°2orS,37°42i'W 54° 26i' S, 38° 06' W (same position as St. 327) 54° 33' S, 38° 29' W (same position as St. 326) 54° 40' S, 38° 52i' W 332 54°44i'S,39°o9'W Hour 0538 2 n 2 n 333 54°48rS,39°24i'W 2-3 ii Sounding (metres) 0844 1509 1740 1950 2249 2330 0515 3" 216 h. 144 WIND Direction 218 gn.M. 262 249 jn.M. 0650 Wx S WSW o c SEA Direction WSW 22 WSW WSW W X S N NWxW 262 R. sm. St. 16 13 14 WSW Weather SW X W WSW WSW WSW NW NWxW 17 NW o. q. c. q. 980-6 AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb 3-.S 982-4 987-8 990-2 990-4 o. f. e. 990-8 991-9 993-2 3-3 Wet bulb 2-5 3-0 3-0 3-0 3-5 3-5 3-2 2-4 Remarks mod. conf. NW and W swell heavy SW swell 1-8 1-6 1-7 2-5 3-5 3-5 V. heavy SW swell heavy SW swell heavy WSW swell mod. WSW swell mod. W swell heavy NW swell 20 R»R.S. Discovery II 326-333 C O o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Station P o TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. s 7oo ot pH mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc.p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 326 3 60 3-29 33-86 26-97 8-11 89 4-28 colli. 80 100 150 200 I-S5 070 0-52 0-90 33-91 33-95 34-05 34-20 27-15 27-24 27-33 27-43 8-o6 8-00 7-92 7-87 112 133 139 139 6-17 4-51 327 3 3-25 33-85 26-97 8-13 84 — N50 V 1 00-0 0545 10 3-25 33-85 26-97 8-13 83 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-25 33-84 26-96 8-12 75 — »> 100-50 30 3-22 33-84 26-96 8-12 79 — )' 200-100 — 0707 40 50 3-22 3-22 33-84 33-85 26-96 26-97 8-13 8-II 78 75 N70B NiooB j- 53-0 0715 0735 KT. N 100 B repeated on St. 329 60 3-22 33-85 26-97 8-12 84 80 3-22 33-88 27-08 8-08 131 100 1-32 33-95 27-20 8-03 n6 150 0-55 33-98 27-28 7-94 120 200 0-68 34-13 27-39 7-87 128 328 3 3-20 33-69 26-84 8-14 87 7-50 N50V 1 00-0 0855 10 3-i8 33-70 26-85 8-14 87 7-55 N70 V 50-0 20 3-02 33-78 26-93 8-14 88 6-6i ») 100-50 — 0940 30 2-95 33-78 26-93 8-13 87 — NiooB 71-0 1008 1023 KT 40 2-IO 33-87 27-08 8-10 lOI 6-49 N70B 122-0 1029 1044 KT 5° 1-90 33-87 27-10 8-08 102 60 1-85 33-9° 27-12 8-06 96 6-38 80 1-35 33-95 27-20 8-04 102 100 1-05 33-96 27-23 7-99 124 6-23 135 o-8o 34-04 27-31 7-93 121 5-89 329 4 — — — — — — — N 100 B 173-0 1525 1544 KT 330 4 — — — — — — — NiooB 182-0 1750 1810 KT 331 4 3-35 33-87 26-98 8-14 78 _ N50 V 1 00-0 2000 10 3-35 33-87 26-98 8-13 87 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-35 33-87 26-98 8-13 87 — n 100-50 30 3-35 33-87 26-98 8-11 87 — ,, 200-100 — 2025 40 50 3-30 3-22 33-87 33-87 26-98 26-98 8-11 8-08 93 102 — N70B NiooB j 176-0 2132 2152 KT 60 2-95 33-88 27-02 8-07 97 80 I-I2 33-96 27-22 8-04 III 100 0-50 33-97 27-27 8-00 128 150 0-45 34-08 27-36 7-91 135 200 0-90 34-22 27-44 7-84 135 332 4 3-00 33-89 27-02 8-11 88 — N50V 1 00-0 2300 10 3-00 33-89 27-02 8-12 109 6-97 N70V 50-0 20 3-00 33-89 27-02 8-12 90 6-91 11 100-50 30 3-00 33-89 27-02 8-10 108 — JJ 250-100 — 2330 40 50 3-00 2-95 33-89 33-89 27-02 27-02 8-10 8-07 88 91 6-92 N70B NiooB ]- 182-0 0500 0520 KT 60 2-45 33-89 27-07 8-07 96 7-14 80 0-45 33-99 27-29 8-02 122 100 0-52 34-06 27-34 7-97 130 6-96 150 1-33 34-22 27-42 7-9° 128 200 1-58 34-26 27-43 7-89 146 6-67 250 1-50 34-34 27-50 7-86 149 5-17 333 4 3-00 33-89 27-02 8-14 90 — N50V 1 00-0 0700 10 3-00 33-92 27-05 8-12 lOI ~ N70V 50-0 21 333-336 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position 333 colli. 334 335 336 54°48i'S,39°24J'W 55° 43' S, 36° 51' W 5S°33'S,36°49i-'Wto 55°3ii'S,36°49rW S5°2ii'S, 36°48i'Wto 5S°2o'S,36°48i'W Date 1930 3 ii 411 4-5 ii 511 Ho 1700 2041 2241 0344 0444 1 116 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 3250 M. S. sm. St. 3416 M.S. 3193 S. Di. WSW W W X S W N E uja 16 17 10 7 14 SEA Direction WSW W Wx S W w E Weather 0=2 lOOO-O looo-y 1003-0 1004-2 1005-3 1004-5 AirTemp.°C. Dry bulb 3-1 3-0 1-5 1-6 2-0 Wet bulb Remarks 2-7 2-5 2-4 1-5 i-S heavy W swell heavy W swell mod. W swell heavy W swell 22 R.R.S. Discovery 11 333-336 Station c o eg. HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P..O5 TIME tJC < Depth (metres) Temp. °c. s v,.„ at pH m^ii. p.m.' O2 cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 333 4 20 3-00 33-92 27-05 8-11 102 — N70V 100-50 colli. 30 3-00 33-90 27-03 8-II 90 — ,, 250-100 — 0730 40 2-98 2-96 33-90 33-90 27-03 27-03 8-10 8-o8 95 92 N70B NiooB {■ 155-0 0811 0825 KT 60 1-58 33-92 27-16 8-06 104 80 0-40 33-98 27-28 8-02 124 100 — o-io 34-05 27-37 7-97 138 150 o-8o 34-18 27-42 7-89 149 200 I -60 34-38 27-53 7-85 148 250 1-86 34-47 27-58 7-84 148 334 6 3-01 33-89 27-02 8-11 77 — N50V 1 00-0 1725 10 3-01 33-89 27-02 8-II 82 — N70V 50-0 20 3-01 33-89 27-02 8-12 88 — n 100-50 3° 2-90 33-89 27-03 8-12 90 — „ 250-100 40 2-58 33-89 27-06 8-10 86 — „ 500-250 so 2-36 33-89 27-08 8-o8 100 — ,, 750-500 60 I -So 33-93 27-15 8-05 lOI — ,, 1000-750 — 1938 So o-=;8 33-99 27-27 8-00 112 — N70B ] KT 100 0-48 34-05 27-34 7-96 120 — NiooB ■ I 1 0-0 2025 2045 150 070 34-11 27-37 7-93 124 200 0-99 34-22 27-44 7-91 127 300 1-84 34-40 27-52 7-86 137 400 1-85 34-47 27-58 7-87 137 600 2-09 34-6i 27-67 7-86 13s 800 2-00 34-69 27-75 7-89 140 1000 1-89 34-71 27-77 7-91 130 1500 1-54 34-73 27-81 7-95 133 2000 1-07 34-71 27-83 7-96 132 2500 0-67 34-71 27-85 7-95 132 335 6 2-8o 33-82 26-98 8-13 69 7-15 N50V 1 00-0 2203 10 2-82 33-82 26-98 8-12 72 7-17 N70 V 50-0 . 20 2-8o 33-82 26-98 8-13 74 6-8i )» 100-50 30 2-75 33-82 26-99 8-13 72 — »> 250-100 40 2-75 33-82 26-99 8-12 81 6-09 ,, 500-250 50 2-66 33-83 27-00 8-10 82 — n 750-500 60 2-02 33-85 27-07 8-07 82 6-86 „ I 000-0 — 0315 80 100 0-62 0-39 33-94 34-03 27-24 27-32 8-02 7-97 109 115 6-23 N70B N 100 B I2I-0 0329 0349 KT 150 0-65 34-13 27-39 7-93 121 200 1-26 34-25 27-45 7-87 130 4-97 300 I -So 34-40 27-53 7-90 141 400 2-09 34-53 27-61 7-83 H5 4-14 600 2-09 34-62 27-68 7-88 123 3-36 800 2-07 34-68 27-73 7-92 130 3-45 1000 172 1500 1-56 34-73 27-81 7-93 121 3-67 2000 1-02 34-72 27-84 7-93 137 4-19 2500 0-66 34-70 27-85 7-93 137 4-31 3000 0-44 34-69 27-85 7-98 133 4-32 336 6 2-8o 33-83 26-99 8-12 83 — N50 V 1 00-0 0510 10 2-8o 33-83 26-99 8-II 83 — N70V 50-0 20 2-82 33-83 26-99 8-12 84 — „ 100-50 30 2-8o 33-82 26-98 8-12 83 — )» 250-100 40 2-8o 33-84 27-00 8-II 82 — n 500-250 50 2-49 33-86 27-04 8-10 82 — )) 750-500 — 1040 60 80 1-87 0-68 33-94 33-98 27-15 27-27 8-o6 8-01 86 93 N70B N 100 B 1 128-0 1055 II15 KT 100 0-32 34-04 27-33 7-98 120 150 o-8o 34-16 27-40 7-93 120 23 336-340 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date HOL Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA o c Direction Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 336 cont. 55°2ii'S, 36°48i'Wto 55° 2o' S, 36° 48i' W 1930 5" 337 55° 09' S, 36° 48' W 511 1216 1514 1812 di. Oz. ESE ESE 14 338 55° ooi' S, 36° 46' W 511 1604 245 sm. St. bk. S.M. 339 54°5irS,36°44VW 5" 1813 269 gy.M. SE 340 54°36'S,36°4oi'W 511 2120 14s gn.M. E ESE b. b. c. V. 1004-2 1003-1 3-5 37 2-7 2-7 mod. SW swell mod. W swell o-i 1002-6 4-0 3-5 mod. W swell 1 00 1 -4 4-2 3-5 mod. conf. swell 998-8 s-i 3-9 mod. conf. swell 24 R.R.S. Discovery II 336-340 Station c o „ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p TIjME ^ T3 < Depth (metres) Temp. S7o, at pH mgni . p.m." cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 336 6 200 1-38 34-29 ZTM 7-86 130 cont. 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1-82 1-92 1-99 1-95 1-85 1-40 0-91 0-56 0-37 34-39 34-48 34-61 34-70 34-71 34-72 34-72 34-70 34-69 27-52 27-58 27-68 27-76 27-77 27-81 27-85 27-85 27-85 7-84 7-83 7-85 7-89 7-89 7-93 7-93 7-94 7-95 137 135 125 126 126 128 128 133 130 337 7 2-95 33-88 27-02 8-II 83 — N50V 1 00-0 1223 10 2-70 33-88 27-04 8-12 93 6-59 N70V 50-0 20 2-68 33-89 27-05 8-II 81 6-8o ^t 100-50 30 2-64 33-88 27-04 8-II 79 — ,, 250-100 40 2-6o 33-89 27-05 8-11 85 6-69 ,, 500-250 50 2-50 33-89 27-06 8-10 89 — )» 750-500 60 2-39 33-88 27-06 8-09 75 6-6o ,, 1000-750 — 1440 80 100 1-30 0-56 33-91 33-95 27-17 27-25 S-09 8-03 99 118 6-55 N70B NiooB - I 00-0 1454 1516 KT 150 0-41 34-11 27-39 7-96 121 200 1-27 34-27 27-46 7-92 139 4-94 300 1-90 34-45 27-56 7-85 142 400 1-94 34-53 27-62 7-85 145 3-85 600 1-98 34-61 27-68 7-92 134 3-78 800 1-97 34-70 27-76 7-92 136 3-8i 1000 1-82 34-72 27-78 7-92 133 3-83 1500 1-27 34-72 27-82 7-95 130 4-03 1700 1-15 — — 7-97 128 4-02 338 7 3-56 33-86 26-94 8-13 78 — N50V 1 00-0 1614 ID 3-21 33-86 26-98 8-12 75 — N70V 50-0 20 3-10 33-86 26-99 8-13 81 — „ 100-50 30 3-10 33-86 26-99 8-13 74 -- ,, 225-100 — 1646 40 50 3-00 2-72 33-86 33-86 27-00 27-02 8-10 8-10 91 79 . . N70B N 100 B 1 86^ 1715 1735 KT 60 2-48 33-87 27-05 8-09 91 - 80 1-28 33-91 27-17 8-o8 124 100 0-92 34-00 27-26 7-99 124 150 o-6o 34-05 27-33 7-92 121 200 0-88 34-20 27-43 7-86 123 230 1-20 34-27 27-47 7-86 125 339 7 4-08 33-84 26-88 8-12 66 6-43 N50V 1 00-0 1815 10 3-40 33-83 26-94 8-13 74 6-98 N70V 50-0 20 3-35 33-84 26-95 8-13 78 7-09 ,, 100-50 30 3-32 33-85 26-96 8-12 80 — It 250-100 — 1900 40 50 3-02 2-92 33-86 33-86 27-00 27-00 8-II 8-09 86 84 6-90 N70B NiooB 1 119^ 1929 1949 KT 60 2-80 33-87 27-02 8-08 81 80 1-86 33-89 27-12 8-06 96 100 1-30 33-96 27-21 8-04 98 6-03 150 0-78 34-02 27-29 7-92 118 200 0-83 34-18 27-42 7-87 130 5-48 250 I -20 34-27 27-47 7-84 130 4-85 340 7 4-30 33-77 26-80 8-14 71 7-44 N50V 1 00-0 2130 10 3-72 33-77 26-86 8-14 73 6-49 N70V 50-0 20 3-55 33-79 26-89 8-13 74 6-46 ,, 100-50 — 2210 30 40 3-32 3-15 33-82 33-83 26-94 26-96 8-13 8-12 86 81 6-40 N70B N 100 B - 106-0 2224 2244 KT 50 3-08 33-82 26-96 8-II 79 25 340-344 Station Position 340 coiit. 341 54°36'S,36°40i'W 54° 43' S, 36° 42*' W 342 55° 47' S, 34° II' W 343 344 55° 40' S, 34° 23' W R.R.S, Discovery 11 Date 55°33'S, 34°3Sr Wto 55° 291' S, 34° 32' W 1930 5 'i ii 711 Hour 711 ii 2330 1205 1545 1718 2118 0145 Sounding (metres) 2C2 gn. M. 3599 960 sm. St. WIND Direction W NE ENE W W 82 1913 sm. St. S. W X S SWx W 16 3 SEA Direction 18 27 NE W W (^ W X S wsw Weather c. m. o.f. o. m. o.f. o.d. 995-5 9667 3-6 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb 966-1 967-0 966-8 970-0 973-5 4-5 3-3 2-8 2-5 Wet bulb 3-5 3-5 3-2 Remarks 2-8 2-8 2-5 mod. conf. swell heavy N swell heavy NE swell hea\'V N swell heavy N swell heavy conf. N swell 36 R.R.S. Discovery II 340-344 Station c o o 1^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P2O5 mgm. p.m.' TIME M < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S '/c3 at pH cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 340 7 6o 2-84 33-83 26-99 8-11 86 6-26 COIlf. 8o 2-14 33-86 27-07 8-10 105 lOO 1-25 33-93 27-19 8-02 115 6-06 130 I -06 33-95 27-22 7-96 126 6-03 341 7 3-95 33-82 26-S7 8-13 89 — N50V 1 00-0 2340 10 3-38 33-82 26-93 8-13 86 — N70V 50-0 20 3-38 33-84 26-95 8-12 85 — )» 100-50 30 3-30 33-84 26-95 8-13 85 — )t 230-100 — 0013 40 3-10 33-84 26-97 8-II 80 — N70B III-O 0050 OHO KT 50 2-8o 33-84 27-00 8-10 83 — N 100 B ) 60 270 33-84 27-01 8-09 89 80 172 33-92 27-15 8-07 116 100 1-05 33-94 27-21 8-02 121 150 0-66 34-04 27-32 7-92 124 200 0-88 34-19 27-42 7-88 129 240 I-OI 34-23 27-45 7-84 136 342 9 2-30 33-82 27-03 8-10 73 — N50V 1 00-0 I2IO 10 2-25 33-82 27-03 8-10 91 — N70 V 50-0 20 2-l8 33-82 27-03 8-10 90 — )> 100-50 30 2-l6 33-82 27-04 8-10 81 — Ti 250-100 40 2-14 33-83 27-05 8-IO 84 — )> 500-250 50 2-05 33-84 27-06 8-10 84 — »» 750-500 — 1505 60 80 I -08 0-32 33-84 33-95 27-13 27-26 8-o6 8-00 108 120 N70B NiooB 1 173-0 1524 1544 KT 100 o-oi 34-03 27-34 7-94 125 150 0-95 34-29 27-50 7-85 128 200 1-48 34-41 27-56 7-82 128 300 i-8s 34-55 27-65 7-82 128 400 i-8s 34-62 27-70 7-83 125 600 1-87 34-67 27-74 7-86 125 800 I -69 34-68 27-76 7-87 126 1000 1-53 34-71 27-80 7-87 132 1500 I -06 34-73 27-85 7-90 137 - 2000 0-58 34-71 27-86 7-92 128 2500 0-41 34-69 27-85 7-93 134 3000 0-22 34-69 27-86 7-92 130 3400 0-15 34-68 27-86 7-94 130 343 9 2-45 33-84 27-03 8-14 79 5-34 N50 V 1 00-0 1724 10 2-30 33-84 27-04 8-13 78 5-54 N70V 50-0 20 2-28 33-83 27-04 8-13 84 6-99 fl 100-50 30 2-20 33-83 27-04 8-13 86 — ,, 250-100 40 2-14 33-83 27-05 8-12 89 6-90 n 500-250 — 1850 5° 1-85 33-83 27-07 8-12 89 — N70B 1 51^ 1956 2016 KT 60 I -25 33-88 27-15 8-10 89 6-62 NiooB 80 0-54 33-94 27-24 8-04 108 100 0-28 34-01 27-31 7-99 I II 6-20 150 0-35 34-15 27-42 7-92 125 200 1-45 34-42 27-57 7-86 136 4-25 300 174 34-56 27-66 7-83 133 400 2-01 34-61 27-69 7-88 132 3-62 600 1-95 34-68 27-74 7-87 124 4-02 800 1-82 34-70 27-77 7-88 130 3-47 900 172 34-70 27-78 7-90 126 3-93 344 9 2-45 33-80 27-00 8-13 93 — N50 V 1 00-0 2135 10 2-40 33-81 27-01 8-13 84 — N70 V 50-0 20 2-25 33-82 27-03 8-12 75 — n 100-50 30 2-22 33-82 27-03 8-11 75 — »> 250-100 40 2-i8 33-81 27-03 8-11 79 ~ ») 500-250 27 344-349 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction c2§ SEA Direction Weather 4^ u Air Temp. °C. Dr>' bulb Wet bulb Remarks 344 55° 33' S, 34° 351' W to cont. 55° 291' S, 34° 32' W 345 346 347 348 349 55°2o'S,34°47i'W 55° 14' S, 35° 02' W 55° 08' S, 35° Hi' W 54° 53*' S, 35° 41*' W 55^ 01' S, 35° 27!' W 1930 ii 1152 218 sm. St. Sh SSW 28 1418 152 St. 1618 139 c. bk. S. sm. St. 2015 99 sm. St. 8ii 2221 133 bk. S. SW X S 20 SW wsw 25 wsw 20 SSW SW SW wsw WSW c. q. o. r. s. c. q. b.c. 992-2 996-2 997-3 999-9 1000-5 1-5 1-4 2-5 2-4 i-o V. heavy SW swell 0-8 heavy S Wswell i-i heavy S Wswell heavy WSW swell [-7 heavy S Wswell 28 R.R.S. Discovery II 344-349 Station c o _ < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. "C. s 7oo at pH P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 344 9 50 2-15 33-81 27-03 8-10 76 N70V 750-500 COIlt. 60 2-00 33-81 27-04 8-10 84 — ,, 1000-750 — 2350 80 100 o-6i o-io 33-93 33-96 27-23 27-28 8-02 7-98 88 III — N70B N 100 B 1 ''''^ 0125 0146 KT 150 0-20 34-15 27-43 7-91 III 200 I-I2 34-30 27-49 7-84 113 300 1-84 34-51 27-61 7-83 114 400 2-00 34-56 27-64 7-83 120 600 2-00 34-62 27-69 7-86 118 800 1-92 34-68 27-74 7-86 118 1000 I -So 34-69 27-76 7-88 116 1500 1-49 34-70 27-79 7-88 116 1800 1-19 34-70 27-82 7-89 120 345 10 2-88 33-84 26-99 8-13 75 6-95 N50 V 1 00-0 1155 10 2-88 33-85 27-00 8-13 81 6-92 N70V 50-0 20 2-88 33-86 27-01 8-12 76 6-86 )> 100-50 30 2-78 33-86 27-02 8-11 78 — ,, 180-100 — 1257 Net touched bottom 40 50 2-50 2-25 33-86 33-92 27-04 27-11 8-11 8-10 79 83 6-60 N70B N 100 B 106-0 1310 1330 KT 60 1-37 33-93 27-18 8-08 85 6-55 80 0-32 34-04 2733 7-96 106 100 0-38 34-10 27-38 7-91 115 6-32 15° 0-99 34-25 27-46 7-84 114 200 i-ii 34-31 27-50 7-88 103 346 10 2-78 33-84 27-00 8-14 78 — N50V 1 00-0 1427 10 2-78 33-84 27-00 8-13 78 — N70 V 50-0 20 2-75 33-84 27-00 8-13 78 — )» 100-50 — 1450 30 40 2-75 2-75 33-85 33-85 27-01 27-01 8-12 8-II 83 73 — N70B N 100 B } 73-0 1508 1526 KT 50 2-72 33-85 27-01 8-11 75 60 2-70 33-86 27-02 8-11 79 80 1-85 33-87 27-10 8-07 80 100 0-81 34-00 27-28 7-98 108 140 0-69 34-05 27-32 7-93 116 347 10 3-08 33-74 26-89 8-13 75 6-89 N50 V 1 00-0 1635 10 3-08 33-75 26-90 8-13 75 6-88 N70V 50-0 20 3-08 33-76 26-91 8-13 70 6-37 „ 100-50 — 1705 30 40 3-08 3-08 33-76 33-78 26-91 26-93 8-11 8-II 69 66 5-68 N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1757 1817 KT 50 3-04 33-78 26-93 8-11 88 60 3-02 33-78 26-93 8-10 68 5-83 80 2-50 33-82 27-01 8-08 69 100 2-39 33-84 27-03 8-07 73 6-12 348 10 3-II 33-71 26-87 8-11 60 — N50 V 85-0 2024 10 3-II 33-71 26-87 8-11 59 6-32 N70V 50-0 20 3-II 33-71 26-87 8-II 66 6-43 ,, 90-50 — 2047 30 3-II 3371 26-87 8-11 61 — N70B J «-. 2108 2118 KT 40 3-11 33-71 26-87 8-11 65 6-30 N 100 B 5° 3-11 33-69 26-85 8-09 81 60 3-08 33-70 26-86 8-09 73 5-99 80 2-28 33-84 27-04 8-o6 74 5-80 349 10 3-00 33-82 26-97 8-13 66 — N50V 1 00-0 2237 10 3-OI 33-82 26-97 8-13 66 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-01 33-82 26-97 8-13 73 — )i 100-50 — 2255 30 40 3-00 2-96 33-80 33-80 26-95 26-95 8-11 8-II 73 73 z N70B N 100 B j 60-0 2321 2338 KT 50 2-70 33-84 27-01 8-11 79 29 349-354 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction o c SEA Direction Weather o s AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 349 colli. 350 351 352 353 354 55°oi'S,35°27i'W 54° 23' S, 36° 00' W 54°2iVS,3S°42'W 54° 19' S, 35° 24' W 54° 17^ S, 35° 06' W 54°i5rS,34°47i'Wto 54°i3i'S,34°46'W 1930 8ii 911 9u 911 911 911 0455 0725 0940 '543 2002 139 gy.M. 221 gn. M. 207 gy. M. bk. Sp.sm. St. 1 167 sm. St, 3979 NWxN NW NW NW NWxN NWxN 19 20 18 18 NW NW NW NW NW 999-6 999-5 998-9 998-0 996-9 3-5 2-8 3-0 2-5 2-7 2-7 2-2 2-2 2-5 mod. N swell 2-5 2-5 mod. conf. N swell mod. NW swell heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell heavy NW swell 30 R.R.S. Discovery II 349-354 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p n TIME M < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7oo at pH ^2^5 mgm. p.m.^ Oo CC. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 349 lO 6o 2-40 33-85 27-04 8-10 79 COIlt. 8o 100 120 2-24 2-i8 2-00 33-87 33-87 33-93 27-07 27-08 27-14 8-10 8 -06 8-04 79 79 99 350 10 4-07 33-57 26-66 8-12 65 6-37 N50V 1 00-0 0500 10 r88 33-66 26-75 8-12 73 7-01 N70V 50-0 20 3-62 33-71 26-82 8-12 73 7-02 yy 100-50 — 0534 30 40 3-22 2-87 33-84 33-84 26-96 26-99 8-II 8-11 75 73 6-73 N70B N 100 B j 1 13-0 0553 0607 KT 50 2-49 33-86 27-04 8-11 81 60 2-28 33-89 27-08 8-10 85 6-86 80 2-13 33-91 27-11 8-09 lOI 100 1-28 33-95 27-20 8-03 113 6-49 135 0-90 34-02 27-29 7-98 119 6-20 351 10 3-78 33-69 26-79 8-13 85 — N50V 1 00-0 0735 10 3-72 33-69 26-80 8-13 88 — N70V 50-0 20 3-58 33-75 26-86 8-12 85 — yy 100-50 30 3-52 33-76 26-87 8-12 88 — j> 210-100 — 0800 40 50 3-42 3-25 33-78 33-84 26-90 26-96 8-11 8-09 84 75 N70B NiooB j 48-0 0826 0845 KT 60 2-72 33-86 27-02 8-09 93 So 1-95 33-90 27-12 8-08 91 100 0-95 33-96 27-23 8-03 105 150 0-45 34-05 27-34 7-96 130 200 0-85 34-14 27-39 7-89 134 352 10 2-95 33-87 27-01 8-10 86 6-59 NsoV 1 00-0 0953 10 2-94 33-87 27-01 8-10 93 6-88 N70V 50-0 20 2-92 33-87 27-01 8-10 84 6-83 >) 100-50 30 2-90 33-87 27-01 8-09 91 — >> 190-100 — 1026 40 50 2-85 2-8o 33-87 33-87 27-02 27-03 8-10 8-09 94 94 6-66 N70B N 100 B } 58-0 1 100 III9 KT 60 2-70 33-87 27-03 8-09 95 6-66 80 1-90 33-89 27-11 8-06 96 100 1-45 33-93 27-18 8-04 105 7-09 150 0-61 34-04 27-32 7-95 119 190 0-65 34-09 27-36 7-93 132 S-77 353 II 2-38 33-87 27-06 8-10 94 — NsoV 1 00-0 I2I6 10 2-40 33-87 27-06 8-10 94 — N70V 50-0 20 2-38 33-88 27-06 8-10 93 — 100-50 30 2-38 33-88 27-07 8-10 91 — 250-100 40 2-38 33-88 27-07 8-09 90 — 500-250 50 2-38 33-89 27-07 8-09 94 — 750-500 60 2-35 33-88 27-07 8-08 98 — 1000-750 — 1405 80 100 1-55 0-64 33-97 34-05 27-20 27-33 8-06 7-98 99 129 N70B N 100 B 1 89-0 1425 1445 KT 150 0-58 34-12 27-38 7-91 140 200 0-90 34-22 27-45 7-91 142 300 1-64 34-40 27-54 7-86 144 400 1-90 34-50 27-60 7-86 133 600 2-01 34-64 27-70 7-87 142 800 1-93 — — 7-89 126 1000 178 34-69 27-76 7-89 129 354 1 1 2-35 33-87 27-06 8-10 78 6-86 N50V 1 00-0 1548 10 2-35 33-87 27-06 8-10 81 6-83 N70 V 50-0 20 2-32 33-87 27-06 8-II 75 6-69 »> 100-50 30 2-31 33-87 27-07 8-10 70 — »» 250-100 40 2-30 33-87 27-07 8-10 60 5-45 " 500-250 31 354-357 R.R.S. Discovery H Station 354 cont. 355 356 Position 54°i5J'S,34°47rWto 54° 131' S, 34° 46' W 54° 13I' S, 34° i8i' W to 54° io|' S, 34° i6|' W Date 1930 9ii 9-10 54° II' S, 33° 49' W to 54°o8rS,33°47i'W Hour 2130 0430 Sounding (metres) 3714 di. Oz. bk. Sp. 357 53° 07' S, 34° 48' W to 53°07rS,34°45rW 0600 0943 3272 di.Oz. WIND Direction NWxN NW 20 1830 2245 3645 di. Oz. NNW NW SEA Direction 26 NW NW 28 25 NW X N NW NNW NW Air Temp. ° C. Weatiier ro'S eq5 Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks NW NW o. i.d. o. e. o. m. d.p. 996-9 9967 9957 994-6 988-5 986-5 2-7 2-6 2-2 4-5 4-0 2-6 2-6 mod. NW swell slight NW swell slight NW swell mod. NW swell 4-5 4-0 heavy NW swell 32 R.R.S. Discovery II 354-357 Station c § HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P TIME M < Depth (metres) Temp. S 7oo at pH nigiii . 0, cc. p.I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 354 II 5° 2'22 33-88 27-08 8-10 83 _ N70 V 750-500 colli. 6o 1-71 33-91 27-14 8-o8 115 — ,, 1000-750 — iSoo 8o 0-69 34-02 27-30 8-01 123 — N70B [ 96^ 1940 2000 KT lOO 0-28 34-°5 27-35 7-95 114 6-20 N 100 B ) ^ 150 0-95 34-23 27-45 7-91 114 200 1-54 34-38 27-53 7-86 116 4-77 300 1-94 34-49 27-59 7-82 121 400 1-98 34-6i 27-68 7-84 137 3-76 600 1-97 34-66 27-72 7-85 123 3-93 800 I -85 34-69 27-76 7-89 118 3-86 1000 1-69 34-70 27-78 7-90 106 4-21 1500 1-41 34-72 27-81 7-95 99 4-1 1 2000 I-OI 34-73 27-85 7-93 115 4-22 2500 0-59 34-70 27-85 7-98 99 4-45 3000 0-43 34-69 27-85 7-95 98 4-65 3500 0-21 34-69 27-86 8-01 113 4-48 355 II 2-01 33-86 27-08 8-12 53 — N50V 1 00-0 2I18 10 2-02 33-86 27-08 8-12 53 — N70V 50-0 20 2-0O 33-87 27-09 8-12 53 — 100-50 30 2-00 33-87 27-09 8-II 53 — 250-100 40 2-00 33-87 27-09 8-11 44 — 500-250 50 1-92 33-87 27-10 8-II 75 — 750-500 60 1-02 33-91 27-19 8-09 60 — 1000-750 — 2340 80 O-II 33-98 27-30 8-02 106 — N70B } IIO-O 0410 0430 KT 100 0-00 34-07 27-38 7-95 116 — N 100 B ) 15° I -08 34-30 27-50 7-86 125 200 i-6i 34-40 27-54 7-84 119 300 1-92 34-56 27-65 7-82 120 400 1-94 34-62 27-70 7-82 120 600 1-88 34-66 27-73 7-87 123 800 1-68 34-67 27-75 7-87 123 1000 1-47 34-69 27-78 7-91 108 1500 1-05 34-71 27-83 7-91 130 2000 0-59 34-72 27-87 7-92 108 2500 0-38 34-70 27-86 7-94 123 3000 0-36 34-69 27-86 7-93 121 356 II 2-02 33-87 27-09 8-12 65 7-15 N50V 1 00-0 0610 10 2-02 33-87 27-09 8-12 54 7-12 N70V 50-0 20 1-98 33-87 27-09 8-12 S3 7-19 100-50 3° 1-98 33-87 27-09 8-II 54 — 250-100 40 1-92 33-87 27-10 8-12 69 7-i8 500-250 50 I-IO 33-95 27-16 8-o8 80 — 750-500 60 0-55 33-97 27-27 8-03 100 6-62 1000-750 — 0743 80 0-12 34-05 27-35 7-95 96 — N70B } 200-0 0922 0947 100 — 0-02 34-12 27-42 7-94 lOI 6-i6 N 100 B J 15° 0-88 34-40 27-59 7-85 116 200 1-30 34-43 27-59 7-83 106 4-19 300 1-98 34-59 27-67 7-82 114 400 1-92 34-64 2771 7-82 119 4-005 600 174 34-68 27-76 7-86 115 4-03 800 1-58 — 7-87 114 4-02 1000 1-37 34-70 27-80 7-89 119 4-31 1500 0-84 34-71 27-84 7-89 116 4-64 2000 0-55 34-72 27-87 7-90 104 4-45 2500 0-29 34-69 27-86 7-90 116 4-68 3000 o-i8 34-68 27-86 7-93 109 4-68 357 12 3-15 33-81 26-95 8-11 53 — N50V 1 00-0 1835 10 3-15 33-83 26-96 8-II 53 — N70 V 50-0 20 3-48 33-83 26-93 8-11 53 >> 100-50 33 357-360 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 357 colli. 358 Position 53° 07' S, 34° 48' W to 53° 07V S, 34° 45V W 53° 16I' S, 35° 02I' W to 53° 17' S, 34° 58' W Date 1930 10 ii Hour 0100 0537 359 360 55° 07' S, 32° 12' W 55° 53' S, 32° 33' W to 55° 50' S, 32° 261' W 2411 24-25 Sounding (metres) 3539 di.Oz. 1345 2002 °045 WIND Direction WNW WNW 28 27 SEA 3264 di.Oz. S. sw SWxW SW sw 24 22 14 Direction WNW WNW SW conf. SW SW Weather o. m. q. PJ3 o. s. 1. o. p. s. o. p. s. 985-6 983-1 Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb I00V2 1005-7 1008-8 IOIO-9 3-0 4-0 Wet bulb 0-5 0-0 2-8 3-4 Remarks heavy WNW swell 0-5 0-0 mod. conf. SW swell mod. conf. SW swell 34 R.R.S. Discovery II 357-360 357 colli. 12 358 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 359 26 360 26 Depth (metres) Temp. °c. 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 So 100 3-40 3-10 2-99 270 o-8o o-ii 0-68 1-40 1-84 1-90 1-92 i-8i 1-66 1-14 0-77 0-45 0-22 3-63 3-62 3-65 3-60 3-60 2-55 1-52 0-58 0-40 070 I-IO 1-65 1-88 1-89 173 i-6i i-io 075 0-43 0-17 1-42 1-38 1-43 1-43 1-43 1-43 1-42 1-42 1-51 1-50 0-I2 0-07 1-20 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-32 070 0-31 33-84 33-84 33-85 33-85 33-91 33-96 34-16 34-38 34-50 34-59 34-64 34-68 34-69 34-70 34-72 34-69 34-68 33-80 33-81 33-83 33-83 33-83 33-86 33-87 33-92 33-97 34-18 34-33 34-48 34-66 34-67 34-70 34-7° 34-71 34-72 34-70 34-69 33-82 33-82 33-82 33-84 33-84 33-84 33-84 33-84 33-84 33-86 33-96 34-22 34-47 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-89 33-95 34-00 at pH 26-95 26-97 26-99 27-02 27-20 27-28 27-41 27-54 27-60 27-67 27-71 27-75 27-77 27-82 27-86 27-85 27-86 26-89 26-90 26-91 26-92 26-92 27-04 27-12 27-22 27-28 27-43 27-52 27-60 27-73 27-74 27-78 27-79 27-83 27-86 27-87 27-87 27-09 27-09 27-09 27-1 1 27-1 1 27-11 27-11 27-11 27-10 27-12 27-28 27-49 27-63 27-14 27-14 27-14 27-14 27-14 27-14 27-15 27-24 27-30 8-II 8-11 8-09 8-09 8-03 7-97 7-89 7-81 7-8i 7-81 7-84 7-86 7-86 7-88 7-89 7-92 7-92 8-11 8-II 8-11 8-11 8-11 8-10 8-07 8-00 7-95 7-89 7-83 7-81 7-81 7-83 7-85 7-86 7-88 7-90 7-91 7-91 8-06 8-05 8-06 8-06 8-05 8-04 8-05 8-07 8-07 7-87 7-87 7-80 8-04 8-03 8-03 8-03 8-03 8-03 8-02 7-95 7-89 P.O5 mgm. p.m.' 53 53 70 70 116 116 118 120 129 121 125 123 116 125 125 115 129 60 60 60 65 66 68 98 94 94 119 113 119 134 114 106 113 113 114 115 108 100 99 105 108 103 104 105 103 108 115 129 140 147 106 108 108 108 118 III 109 132 144 O. c.p. 95 85 90 6-89 6-47 93 90 86 25 42 65 74 85 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70 V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70 V N70B NiooB N50V cws TYFB N50 V N70 V N70B NiooB Depth (metres) 250-100 500-250 750-500 193-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 3.t -o TIME From To 1 00-0 o 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 99^ 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 2226 0113 0526 2217 2246 0357 0543 Remarks KT KT 1 1 5- 1003 1329 2020 1115 1356 Hove to under lee of large tabular berg 0037 2330 0057 KT 35 360-364 R.R.S, Discovery II 363 364 Position 55° 53' S, 32° 33' W to 55° 50' S, 32° 261' W 55° 53*' S, 30° 46' W to 55°52|'S,3o°44'W Date 56° 04' S, 29° 15' Wto 56° o3i' S, 29° 20' W 1930 24-^25 ii 2-5 miles S 80° E of SE point of Zavodovski I, S Sandwich Is 7 cables E of Penguin Pt, Visokoi I, S Sandwich Is 2511 Hour 2511 26 ii 0900 1251 Sounding (metres) 1S27 2300 •430 1620 WIND Direction 3409 3370 329 Sc. 33 W X N W ,0 c SEA Direction 10 W X N W NWxW NWxW W WNW 36 2-3 3 NWxW NWxW Weather 20 W 4 sw O =2 n p AirTemp.°C. Do- bulb o. 1013-5 1014-1 o. m. d. o. m. d. 1012-3 I0II-8 3-5 o. m. ioo5'7 995- 1-3 1-2 Wet bulb 1-8 1-5 3-0 1-3 2-3 I- i-o Remarks heavy SW swell mod. SW swell mod. WNW swell mod. NW swell mod. W swell mod. S swell Iv. rv.b. Discovery II 360-364 Station ^ c o o _ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Eg,- o-a ^ < Depth metres) Temp. S 7o, at pH P2O5 mgm. 0, =c.p.l. Gear Depth (metres) TIME 1 From To 360 26 150 0-55 34-14 27-40 7-83 144 COIlt. 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 20OD 2500 3000 0-86 174 1-74 1-75 i-s8 I-I2 0-70 0-38 0-15 — 0-03 34-32 34-52 34-58 34-67 34-69 34-69 34-69 34-65 34-63 34-63 27-53 27-63 27-68 27-75 27-78 27-81 27-84 27-82 27-82 27-83 7-80 7-8i 7-79 7-82 7-86 7-86 7-90 7-89 7-90 7-90 144 139 139 134 129 133 144 134 136 142 361 27 I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-04 100 6-09 N50V 1 00-0 D909 10 I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-04 100 6-32 N70V 50-0 20 I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-04 103 6-26 15 100-50 30 I-IO 33-87 27-15 8-04 103 — „ 250-100 40 1-09 33-87 27-15 8-04 104 6-25 n 500-250 50 1-08 33-86 27-14 8-04 no — »» 750-500 60 0-76 33-88 27-18 8-04 104 6-22 ,, 1000-750 — 1220 80 -0-55 34-07 27-40 7-88 136 N70B 1 91-0 1230 1250 KT 100 — 0-40 34-16 27-47 7-86 151 5-33 NiooB 150 0-98 34-45 27-62 7-82 151 200 I-I8 34-52 27-67 7-80 145 4-09 300 1-50 34-61 27-72 7-8i 151 400 1-50 34-65 27-75 7-85 139 4-07 600 1-45 34-67 27-77 7-89 137 3-96 800 I-II 34-67 27-79 7-88 144 4-15 1000 0-88 34-67 27-81 7-88 142 4-26 1500 0-41 34-65 27-82 7-88 137 4-34 2000 0-20 34-65 27-83 7-90 144 4-45 2500 — o-oi 34-65 27-84 7-92 142 4-46 3000 — 0-09 34-65 27-85 7-93 140 4-73 362 27 I -00 33-80 27-10 8-05 105 — N50V 1 00-0 1835 10 I -00 33-80 27-10 8-06 105 — N70V 50-0 20 0-95 33-80 27-11 8-05 96 — 100-50 30 0-92 33-79 27-10 8-o6 94 — 250-100 40 0-91 33-80 27-11 8-06 96 — 500-250 50 0-90 33-79 27-10 8-06 98 — 750-500 60 0-82 33-81 27-12 8-06 96 — 1000-750 — 2146 80 -0-71 34-05 27-39 7-93 128 — N70B - 97-^ 2241 2301 KT 100 - 0-70 34-16 27-48 7-88 134 — N 100 B ) ^^ 15° -0-30 34-42 27-67 7-84 132 200 0-12 34-52 27-73 7-82 142 300 0-50 34-61 27-79 7-8i 151 400 o-6i 34-67 27-83 7-81 142 600 0-70 34-67 27-82 7-85 142 800 0-57 34-67 27-83 7-90 137 1000 0-43 34-68 27-84 7-89 130 1500 0-22 34-67 27-85 7-89 133 2000 0-04 34-67 27-86 7-88 137 2500 o-oo 34-65 27-84 7-90 130 3000 - 0-16 34-65 27-85 7-90 133 363 28 0-90 33-86 27-16 8-07 — — LH 51 1200 1230 300 0-43 34-62 27-80 7-84 DLH 329-278 1507 15IO Nets streamed from anchored ship 364 28 0-49 33-95 27-25 NiooH 1620 1720 2145 1720 1820 2245 Current Measurements Speed Depth cm/sec Direction 10 0-28 N 58° E 1 15 0-31 S 721° E 37 365-370 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 365 366 367 368 369 370 Position Between Visokoi and Candlemas Is, S Sand- wich Is 56° 55' S, 27° 02' W to S6° S3' S, 26° 59' W 4 cables S of Cook I, S Sandwich Is Beach Pt, Thule I, S Sandwich Is Douglas Strait, Southern Thule, S Sandwich Is, I mile N of Twitcher Rock Between Southern Thule and Bristol I, S Sand- wich Is 59° i7i' S, 26° 57' W 2 miles NE of Bristol I, S Sandwich Is Date 1930 2 iii 6 iii 7 in 8 iii 9 ni Hour 1300 1604 0850 1215 lOIO 1030 1055 Sounding (metres) 1536 1 107 340 bk. s III5 322 1 1 20 155 1240 77 1340 1600 152 0958 1233 655 bk. M 1766 106 80 WIND Direction NE NNW N N :< E WNW NWxW SW c 20 27 SEA Direction NE NNW N N X E WNW NW SW 2-3 Weather o. s. q. o. f. o. m. e. o. f. b.c. CQv 1007-2 1006-9 982-' 996-9 I00I-6 975-3 972-8 970-3 Air Temp. C. Dry bulb 0-5 0-5 1-4 0-8 0-5 1-3 Wet bulb 1-3 1-2 0-8 -0-5 0-5 1-3 Remarks heav-y SW swell heavy conf. W swell mod. E swell slight N swell slight conf. swell mod. conf. swell heavy conf. S swell 38 R.R.S. Discovery II 365 370 Station c ^ s ^. HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p„o. TIME -c < Depth ^metres) Temp. - C. S 7o. at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 365 I 0-49 33-80 27-13 8-09 89 5-90 N50V 1 00-0 1305 10 0-42 33-80 27-14 8-09 95 6-06 N70V 50-0 20 0-38 33-80 27-14 8-10 89 5-87 ,, 100-50 3° 0-38 33-80 27-14 8-09 90 — )i 250-100 40 0-38 33-80 27-14 8-09 90 5-85 >j 500-250 50 0-36 33-80 27-14 8-o8 93 — ,, 750-500 60 — 0-20 33-91 27-26 8-02 103 5-68 ?) 1000-750 — 1505 80 - 1-05 34-17 27-50 7-92 136 — N70B I 175^ 1524 1540 KT 100 - 0-94 34-29 27-59 7-88 139 4-84 NiooB 150 "0-35 34-42 27-67 7-86 145 — TYFB 350-0 1524 1605 200 0-15 34-52 27-73 7-86 147 4-47 300 0-51 34-61 27-79 7-85 139 400 0-55 34-65 27-82 7-87 14s 4-51 600 0-52 34-67 27-84 7-90 147 4-20 Soo 0-39 34-67 27-84 7-90 142 4-31 1000 0-34 34-65 27-83 7-90 144 4-39 1500 0-27 34-65 27-83 7-91 145 4-15 366 6 0-20 34-05 27-35 — — — DLH 322-155 II15 1 1 20 27s - 0-02 34-66 27-85 OTL N7-T N4 T LH • 77-152 20 1250 1900 1341 At anchorage 367 7 — — — — — — — Sh. CoU. — 1420 1600 368 8 o-ii 34-02 27-33 8-05 — N50V 1 00-0 1000 10 0-10 34-04 27-35 8-05 — — N70V 50-0 20 o-io 34-05 27-35 8-05 — — n 100-50 30 0-09 34-05 27-35 8-05 — — >> 250-100 40 0-07 34-05 27-36 8-05 — — >1 500-250 — 1050 50 0-05 34-05 27-36 8-0^ — — N70B ] 146-0 1112 1 132 KT 60 0-05 34-05 27-36 8-03 — — N 100 B 80 0-02 34-07 27-37 8-03 — — DLH 653 1209 1214 100 O'OI 34-10 27-40 8-02 150 - O-IO 34-11 27-41 8-02 200 -0-78 34-16 27-48 7-95 300 - I -60 34-36 27-67 7-86 400 — 1-60 34-36 27-67 7-83 600 -1-63 34-36 27-67 7-83 369 9 0-28 34-01 27-31 8- 06 90 — N50 V 1 00-0 0855 10 0-22 34-01 27-32 8-o6 93 — N70V 50-0 20 0-20 34-01 27-32 8-o6 91 — ,, 100-50 30 0-18 34-00 27-31 8-06 88 — >> 250-100 40 o-o8 34-04 27-35 8-06 100 — )) 500-250 50 - 0-30 34-07 27-39 8-03 100 — ,, 750-500 60 -0-39 34-16 27-47 7-97 106 — 1, 1000-750 — 1053 80 — o-6o 34-24 27-54 7-91 115 — N70B !- 128-0 "34 II55 KT 100 - 0-91 34-41 27-69 7-87 125 — NiooB J J J 15° — 0-50 34-50 27-75 7-82 126 — TYFB 275-0 1134 I213 200 -0-31 34-58 27-80 7-83 140 300 — 0-05 34-60 27-81 7-83 144 400 0-15 34-67 27-85 7-83 137 600 0-22 34-67 27-85 7-86 134 ' 800 0-19 34-69 27-87 7-88 134 1000 0-14 34-69 27-87 7-88 134 1500 — 0-05 34-68 27-87 7-88 132 370 10 0-13 33-93 27-26 — — OTL ] 27 O-IO 33-96 27-28 — — — N7-T \ 80-18 1034 1054 N4-T ] 1 1 39 371-374 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 371 372 Position I mile E of Montagu I, S Sandwich Is 57° 57' S, 29° 53' W 373 374 58° 00' S, 33° 44' W 57' 55' S, 37° 30' W Date 1930 14 iii 18-19 iii Hour Sounding (metres) 1000 1005 1040 2100 0049 19 111 20 111 WIND Direction 1855 2210 1730 2230 99 161 2972 S. Di. sm. St. 2515 di. Oz. 3568 sw NE NE W X S wsw W X S E SEA o c 25 19 18 Direction Weather SW NE NE W WSW WSW 2-3 o.f. o. m. s. S-2 o.u. 97i'2 Air Temp. ^C Dry bulb Wet bulb l-o 980-3 979-1 0-2 1-5 Remarks 973-3 976-0 981-6 978-0 2-0 1-3 2-5 1-3 mod. SW swell mod. NE swell 1-2 2-6 1-3 mod. NW swell heavy conf. SW swell slight conf. swell 40 R.R.S, Discovery II 371-374 Station c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p n TIME Depth (metres) Temp. S7,:. at pH ^2^5 mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 371 14 o-oo 33-91 27-25 ^ . OTL 1 150 -0-49 34-45 27-70 N7-T N4 T - 99-161 I0I2 1036 372 18 0-41 33-82 27-15 8-04 — — N70B j- 124-0 2II7 2136 KT 10 0-42 33-82 27-15 8-05 — — N 100 B 20 0-42 33-83 27-16 8-05 — — TYFB 240-0 2II7 2155 30 0-42 33-83 27-16 8-05 — — N50V 1 00-0 2214 40 0-40 33-84 27-17 8-05 — — N70 V 50-0 50 0-40 33-85 27-18 8-os — — 100-50 60 0-20 33-94 27-26 8-04 — — 250-100 80 -0-75 34-20 27-52 7-91 — — 500-250 100 — 0-50 34-32 27-60 7-85 — — 750-500 150 0-40 34-51 27-71 7-84 — — 1000-750 — 0004 200 0-88 34-60 27-75 7-83 300 I-OI 34-63 27-78 7-86 400 0-93 34-69 27-82 7-86 600 o-8o 34-69 27-83 7-91 800 0-56 34-70 27-86 7-91 1000 0-41 34-70 27-86 7-92 1500 0-20 34-69 27-87 7-92 2000 - 0-02 34-69 27-88 7-93 2500 -0-14 34-68 27-88 7-94 373 19 1-42 33-91 27-16 8-12 — — N70B I 132^ I914 1934 KT ID 1-40 33-92 27-17 8-12 — — N 100 B 20 1-38 33-93 27-17 8-12 — — TYFB 275-0 I914 1949 30 1-36 33-93 27-17 8-12 — — N50 V 1 00-0 1959 40 1-35 33-93 27-18 8-12 — — N70V 50-0 50 1-34 33-95 27-20 8-12 — — 100-50 60 1-12 33-96 27-22 8-11 — — 250-100 80 o-6o 34-07 27-34 8-04 — — 500-250 100 0-21 34-19 27-46 7-97 — — 750-500 150 075 34-36 27-57 7-89 — — 1000-750 — 2204 200 I-IO 34-43 27-60 7-87 300 1-55 34-54 27-66 7-85 400 1-33 34-60 27-72 7-88 600 1-27 34-69 27-79 7-92 800 1-09 34-70 27-82 7-92 1000 0-77 34-70 27-84 7-95 1500 0-49 34-70 27-86 7-95 2000 0-25 34-69 27-86 7-96 2400 o-o6 34-69 27-87 7-96 374 20 i-i6 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — Nioo B 125-0 1757 1817 10 1-20 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — TYFB 270-0 1757 1839 20 I-2I 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — N50V 1 00-0 1847 30 1-20 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — N70V 50-0 40 I -20 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — 100-50 50 1-20 34-04 27-28 8-09 — — 250-100 60 I -20 34-06 27-30 8-09 — — 500-250 80 0-90 34-18 27-41 8-03 — — 750-500 100 0-79 34-19 27-43 7-99 — — 1000-750 150 0-89 34-42 27-61 7-87 — — 2000-0 — 2135 200 i-i6 34-52 27-67 7-86 300 1-39 34-62 27-74 7-86 400 1-65 34-71 27-79 7-88 600 1-47 34-72 27-81 7-91 800 1-17 34-73 27-84 7-93 1000 I -00 34-73 27-85 7-93 1500 0-40 34-72 27-88 7-93 2000 0-27 34-70 27-87 7-93 41 6 374-378 Station 374 cont. 375 Position 57° 55' S, 37° 30' W 57° 47' S, 40° 49' W 376 377 378 62° 52' S, 58° 43' W 62°2i|'S, 6o°36'W R.R.S. Discovery II Date 1930 20 iii 21 111 62°33'S, 59°i9i'W n i Hour 1240 1831 Sounding (metres) 3665 di. Oz. 1430 1653 WIND Direction 1308 S. di. Oz. 2030 2245 13 IV 768 gy.M. S. 1130 119 M.S. bk. Sp. ssw WNW o c 19 SEA Direction W E SW wsw 38 wsw SW \\'NW W SW WSW WSW Weather b. C. q. o :=; 994-3 999-5 2-0 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 976-5 976-3 996-9 996-6 0-2 Wet bulb 2-7 2-7 1002-4 -1-8 1-8 2-0 0-7 0-2 Remarks mod. SW swell mod. conf. swell slight W swell mod. conf. swell 2-7 3-5 2-1 mod. SW swell mod. conf. swell mod. WSW swell 42 R.R.S. Discovery II 374-378 Station 374 coiit. 375 < 20 21 376 13 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 377 14 378 15 2500 3000 3400 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1250 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 15° 200 300 400 600 700 o 10 20 Temp. "C. o-o8 0-09 0-20 2-0O 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-O0 1-99 1-66 0-90 0-53 1-03 1-40 1-62 I -60 1-57 1-32 0-91 0-51 0-26 o-o8 0-30 0-26 0-24 0-20 O-II O-IO 0-07 0-03 - 0-70 - 0-92 O-IO 0-25 - o-o6 -0-49 -0-85 - I-I2 - 1-49 - i-i6 - i-ii - i-i I - i-io - i-io - 1-09 - I -08 - I-20 -I-3S -0-95 -o-8o -^0-88 - 1-02 - 0-79 -0-83 0-39 0-40 0-40 S%o 3470 34-69 34-69 33-95 33-95 33-94 33-95 33-95 33-95 33-95 33-99 34-11 34-34 34-47 34-56 34-65 34-69 34-72 34-72 34-73 34-71 34-69 34-67 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-04 34-05 34-05 34-09 34-14 34-20 34-22 34-34 34-48 34-51 34-52 34-52 34-54 34-56 34-13 34-13 34-11 34-11 34-11 34-11 34-13 34-22 34-29 34-42 34-45 34-47 34-50 34-52 34-52 34-04 34-04 34-06 at 27-88 27-88 27-89 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-21 27-36 27-57 27-64 27-69 27-74 27-78 27-81 27-82 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-34 27-35 27-35 27-39 27-43 27-51 27-54 27-59 27-69 27-73 27-76 27-78 27-80 27-83 27-47 27-47 27-46 27-46 27-46 27-46 27-47 27-55 27-61 27-70 27-72 27-74 27-77 27-77 27-78 27-33 27-33 27-35 PH 7-93 7-95 7-95 8-10 8-11 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-IO 8-10 8-o6 7-98 7-87 7-85 7-85 7-85 7-90 7-91 7-91 7-93 7-93 7-94 7-95 8-00 8-00 8-00 8-00 8-00 7-99 8-00 7-96 7-96 7-94 7-90 7-87 7-87 7-89 7-91 7-91 7-93 8-02 8-01 8-00 8-00 8-00 8-00 7-99 7-96 7-93 7-90 7-88 7-94 7-93 7-94 7-94 8-06 8-o6 8-06 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ cc. p. 1. 104 98 100 100 103 105 105 116 133 133 136 134 139 140 129 128 133 104 98 118 99 109 118 109 no 120 130 130 132 134 139 137 115 113 108 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gea N70B NiooB N50V N70V N50V N70V N70B NiooB N70 V 6-83 7-18 6-64 N50V N70 V Depth (metres) ■ 95-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 2000-1000 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 102-0 TIME From To 1259 1343 1444 1647 131S 1624 1641 1707 50-0 2045 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 Remarks KT + 3 hours G.M.T. KT 2055 1 142 1210 43 378-384 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 378 coiit. Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 379 380 381 382 383 384 62°2iy S, 6o°36'W 62° Hi' S, 6o° 43-1' W 62° 05-1' S, 60° 53*' W 61° 56!' S, 61° 03!' W 6i°27i'S, 6i°38|'W 60° 32' S, 62° 42' W S9°36i'S,63°43J'W 1930 13 iv 13 IV 13 iv 13 iv 137I4 iv 1403 1518 1628 1938 0038 3647 f.gy.M.S SW SW SW ssw ssw 14 IV 14 IV 0638 loss 3744 f. gy. M. S S X W S X E 1625 2031 3663 gy.M. S.St. BE SE X E iS 20 20 16 16 IS SW SW SW ssw SSW s S X E SE X E SE X E 4 5 S 2-3 2-3 b.c.p.s. 3 2-3 c. I002-5 1002-7 1002-4 1003-9 1003-9 1007-5 1009-7 1009-4 1008-4 - 2-0 - 2-0 -2-S 2-0 -3-0 2-5 - 1-3 0-5 -2-6 -2-4 -2-8 1-5 -3-6 2-3 - 1-^ heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. WNW swell mod. SW swell heavy WSW swell mod. S swell mod. SSW swell slight SW swell -°-s 44 R.R.S, Discovery II 378-384 c o o „ 69 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station p TIME Remarks O 'X2 M < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7oo at pH mgm. p.m.' O2 CO. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 378 15 30 0-40 34-07 27-36 8-o6 lOI — N70B I 71-0 1247 1307 KT COItf. 40 0-40 34-07 27-36 8-o6 109 6-70 N 100 B ■J 1 50 0-41 34-09 27-37 8-05 III 60 0-41 34-13 27-40 8-04 115 6-51 80 0-42 34-19 27-45 8-00 121 100 0-40 34-28 27-52 7-99 123 5-83 379 15 o-io 34-04 27-35 7-95 83 — N50V 1 00-0 1415 1425 380 15 0-30 33-93 27-25 7-97 98 — N50V 1 00-0 1525 1535 381 15 0-00 33-89 27-23 8-00 100 — N50 V 1 00-0 1636 1646 382 15 0-32 33-78 27-13 8-10 123 — N50V 1 00-0 1958 10 0-32 33-77 27-12 8-10 113 — N70 V 50-0 20 0-32 33-78 27-13 8-IO 116 — 100-50 30 0-31 33-78 27-13 8-10 123 — 250-100 40 0-32 33-78 27-13 8-10 120 — 500-250 50 0-31 33-77 27-12 8-10 114 — 750-500 60 o-oo 33-82 27-18 8-04 114 — 1000-750 — 0000 80 — 1-20 34-01 27-38 7-99 120 — Ny'oB \ 11-° 0130 0150 KT 100 -0-49 34-10 27-42 7-96 128 — N 100 B 1 " 150 0-39 34-22 27-47 7-92 136 200 1-30 34-34 27-52 7-88 139 300 1-93 34-49 27-59 7-85 142 400 1-95 34-56 27-65 7-84 147 600 1-96 34-62 27-69 7-87 145 800 1-93 34-65 27-72 7-90 142 1000 i-8i 34-66 27-73 7-94 133 1500 1-41 34-67 27-77 7-95 137 2000 i-ii — — 7-95 137 2500 0-78 — — 7-96 134 3000 0-57 34-67 27-83 7-97 136 350° 0-51 — — 7-99 136 383 16 0-45 33-85 27-18 8-05 105 6-69 N50V 1 00-0 0703 — + 4 hours G.M.T. 10 0-46 33-85 27-18 8-05 113 6-75 N70V 50-0 20 0-46 33-84 27-17 8-04 103 6-55 100-50 30 0-46 33-84 27-17 8-05 lOI — 250-100 40 0-46 33-85 27-18 8-05 105 6-74 500-250 50 0-46 33-85 27-18 8-04 108 — 750-500 60 0-46 33-84 27-17 8-04 106 6-71 1000-750 80 0-45 33-84 27-17 8-03 109 — 1 5 00- 1 000 100 - o-6o 33-96 27-31 7-95 114 6-14 2000-1500 — 1035 150 0-14 34-23 27-50 7-86 133 — N70B 102-0 1053 III3 KT 200 1-35 34-48 27-62 7-83 147 4-05 N 100 B J 300 1-78 34-60 27-69 7-82 145 400 1-85 34-62 27-70 7-84 147 3-65 600 1-84 34-63 27-71 7-88 140 4-07 800 1-78 34-65 27-73 7-90 136 3-77 1000 1-63 34-67 27-76 7-93 132 3-30 1500 1-25 34-67 27-78 7-93 133 3-67 2000 0-93 34-66 27-80 7-92 137 3-32 2500 0-68 34-65 27-81 7'93 139 2-86 3000 0-52 34-65 27-81 7-94 139 3-13 3500 0-48 34-64 27-81 7-94 136 4-43 384 16 2-02 33-86 27-07 8-07 115 — N50 V 1 00-0 1655 10 2-02 33-86 27-07 8-06 115 — N70V 50-0 20 2-07 33-87 27-08 8-05 115 — ,, 100-50 30 2-10 33-88 27-09 8-o6 115 — j» 250-100 40 2-12 33-88 27-09 8-05 113 )» 500-250 45 384-386 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA W yi I ,^. y ^ Direction ta Weather 2 " OS «. Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 384 coiit. 59° 36^8, 63° 431' W 1930 14 iv 385 58°4i'S,64°43i'W 15 IV 0224 0840 3638 ;y. M. f. S. ENE NE X E 23 386 57°45i'S,65°42'W 15 IV 1416 1910 4775 yy.M.i.S. ENE ENE 20 46 ENE NE X E ENE ENE o. 1003-1 I002-I 0-8 o. p. s. 998-0 996-4 2-5 3-5 0-7 0-8 mod. conf. NE swell heavy NE swell 2-3 3-2 heavy E swell heavy NE swell R.R.S. Discovery II 384-386 Station c o H >. (4- ra HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks PoO = TIME O T3 4) ^^ < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7„o at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 384 1 6 50 2-15 33-87 27-08 8-05 116 N70V 750-500 COtlt. 60 2-l8 33-88 27-08 8-05 116 — )t 1000-750 80 2-21 33-88 27-08 8-05 116 — »J I 500- I 000 — 2021 100 150 i-8o 1-04 34-00 34-07 27-21 27-32 8-00 7-94 125 N70B N 100 B 1 98-0 2032 2052 KT 200 0-88 34-11 27-36 7-94 125 300 1-40 34-22 27-41 7-87 128 400 1-90 34-32 27-45 7-86 130 600 2-22 34-56 27-62 7-86 144 800 2-17 34-63 27-69 7-86 137 1000 2-09 34-67 27-72 7-86 132 1500 177 34-69 27-76 7-90 130 2000 1-48 34-69 27-78 7-91 130 2500 1-02 34-68 27-81 7-90 136 3000 0-89 34-67 27-81 7-92 134 3500 0-54 34-66 27-82 7-92 134 385 i6 4-89 34-16 27-04 8-10 91 5-96 N50V 1 00-0 0238 10 4-89 34-16 27-04 8-IO 91 6-00 N70 V 50-0 20 4-90 34-15 27-03 S-io 90 6-23 100-50 30 490 34-16 27-04 8-09 90 — 250-100 40 4-90 34-15 27-03 8-10 91 6-25 500-250 50 4-90 34-15 27-03 8-10 89 — 750-500 60 4-90 34-16 27-04 8-10 91 6-37 1000-750 — 0750 80 100 4-90 4-90 34-15 34-18 27-03 27-06 8-10 8-06 91 89 6-24 N70B NiooB 1 80-0 0836 0856 KT 150 4-90 34-22 27-09 8-05 81 200 4-45 34-23 27-15 8-04 106 6-13 300 4-12 34-25 27-20 8-02 106 400 3 -So 34-27 27-25 8-01 114 5-83 600 3-78 34-29 27-26 7-99 116 4-02 800 2-92 34-38 27-42 7-96 119 3-94 1000 2-73 34-47 27-51 7-91 130 4-04 1500 2-26 34-63 27-68 7-87 132 3-92 2000 2-09 34-67 27-72 7-96 132 4-94 2500 1-69 34-74 27-81 7-96 128 4-35 3000 1-25 34-74 27-84 7-96 129 3-82 3500 1-13 34-72 27-83 8-00 129 3-50 386 17 5-00 34-15 27-02 8-08 88 — N50V 1 00-0 1427 10 5-00 34-14 27-02 8-o8 86 — N70 V 50-0 20 5-00 34-15 27-02 8-09 86 — 100-50 30 5 -00 34-15 27-02 8-o8 85 — 250-100 40 5-00 34-14 27-02 8-08 85 — 500-250 50 S'oo 34-14 27-02 8-08 86 — 750-500 60 5-00 34-16 27-03 8-09 88 — 1000-750 — 1737 80 100 5-00 5-00 34-17 34-i6 27-04 27-03 8-08 8-07 86 90 N70B NiooB 1 77-0 1746 1806 KT 150 5-00 34-16 27-03 8-07 91 200 4-58 34-20 27-11 8-06 94 300 4-41 34-22 27-14 8-06 III 400 4-24 34-23 27-17 8-05 103 600 3-83 34-24 27-22 8-05 104 800 3-29 34-27 27-30 8-00 106 1000 2-89 34-36 27-40 7-94 133 1500 2-39 34-56 27-62 7-89 133 2000 2-17 34-65 27-70 7-97 133 2500 1-79 34-70 27-77 8-01 130 3000 1-42 34-70 27-80 8-00 126 3500 1-13 34-70 27-82 8-00 133 4500 0-96 34-69 27-82 7-99 128 47 387-393 B R.R.S. Discovery II Station 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 A 393 B Position 56° 50' S, 66° 39' W 56° i9i' S, 67° 09I' W 56° 19I' S, 63° 34I' W s6°o9i'S,56°4s'W 55°48i'S,52°35'W 55° 36J' S, 50° 22J' W 54° 17' S, 35° 30' W 54° 17' S, 35° 30' W Date 1930 16 iv 16 iv 16 iv 17 IV 7v 7v Hour 0040 0536 0840 2108 0930 2100 1320 1840 Sounding (metres) 3102 121 ■2* 500 4305" 333 WIND Direction ENE ENE S, o o c NE X E N X E NNW NW X N SW NW 22 17 16 16 SEA Direction ENE ENE NE X E N X E NNW NWxN SW Weather O.p. o. p. d. o.d. o.d. b. c. o.f. o. f. OS 994-7 996-1 997-5 1003-2 998-3 988-2 981-5 992-7 985-0 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 4-0 3-8 5-5 3-6 4-5 3-2 i-o 2-0 1-6 Wet bulb 3-8 3-6 5-2 3-6 4-2 3-0 — i-o 2-0 1-6 Remarks heavy ENE swell mod. ENE swell heavy ENE swell slight N swell mod. NW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. NW swell shght NW swell 48 R.R.S. Discovery II 387 393 B Station < 387 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 388 I? 389 390 391 392 393 A 19 393 B o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 Temp. °C. 1205 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 o 10 20 30 40 5-45 5-42 5-32 5-29 5-22 5-21 5-21 5-20 5-20 S-ii 478 4-61 4-40 3-8i 3-26 3-01 2-56 2-26 2-03 1-87 7-59 7-59 7-59 7-59 7-41 7-32 7-31 7-II 7-06 7-05 4-35 4-85 3-90 s 7„o 34-12 34-12 34-13 34-12 34-13 34-13 34-14 34-14 34-17 34-18 34-19 34-22 34-23 34-25 34-28 34-34 34-49 34-61 34-68 34-67 33-58 33-58 33-59 33-59 33-73 33-78 33-87 33-96 34-00 34-02 34-11 34-14 34-05 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-88 33-88 33-89 33-90 33-90 33-95 34-03 34-16 34-48 33-86 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 at 26-95 26-95 26-97 26-96 26-98 26-98 26-99 26-99 27-01 27-03 27-08 27-12 27-15 27-23 27-31 27-38 27-54 27-66 27-73 27-74 26-24 26-24 26-25 26-25 26-38 26-44 26-51 26-61 26-64 26-66 27-06 27-03 pH 27-06 27-11 27-11 27-11 27-12 27-12 27-13 27-14 27-15 27-19 27-26 27-37 27-59 27-10 27-11 27-11 27-11 27-12 8-10 8-10 8-09 8-10 8-10 8-09 8-08 8-09 8-09 8-o8 8-07 8-06 8-04 8-05 8-01 8-00 7-93 7-94 7-95 7-96 8-II 8-12 8-11 8-09 8-10 8-09 8-09 8-08 8-08 8-o8 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ O. cc. p. 8-08 8-o8 8-o8 8-08 8-08 8-06 8-06 8-05 8-05 7-99 7-94 7-93 8-o8 8-07 8-08 8-07 8-08 91 90 91 91 90 89 88 81 85 79 84 94 100 94 125 132 139 140 133 132 74 69 71 83 78 78 81 81 81 76 109 89 99 104 109 104 "5 III no III 137 134 109 109 109 108 115 5-97 6-17 6-16 6-19 6-21 5-94 5-67 5-65 5-43 4-51 3-78 3-57 3-30 3-62 3-31 6-58 6-23 6-36 6-55 6-44 6-36 5-14 4-08 6-63 6-69 6-55 6-50 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N50V N70 V N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N70B NiooB DLH N70B NiooB N70B N 100 B N450H N70B Nioo B N50 V N70V NiooB N50V N70 V Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 '- 71-0 TIME From To 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 106-0 121 1 1 0-0 ■iz-o I 200- I 300 (-0) [ lOI OI-O 1 00-0 75^ 150-75 225-150 300-225 57-0 115-57 182-115 250-182 1 00-0 75-0 150-75 225-150 300-225 0050 0519 0847 1003 0942 2115 2117 1026 2115 1321 1511 1511 1511 1511 1847 Remarks 0333 0538 0913 1018 0945 KT 2133 2137 1226 2135 1420 1531 1532 15321- 1533 1935 KT KT KT KT 2 hours G.M.T. KT DGB 49 393B-402 R.R,S. Discovery II Station 393 B colli. 393 C 393 D 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 Position 54° 17' S, 35° 30' W 54° 17' S, 35° 30' W 54° 17' S, 35° 30' W 49° 52' S, 24° 54V W 48° 26I' S, 22° 10' W to 48° 26i' S, 22° o6i' W 45° 09I' S, 16° 34f' W 40°28'S, io°i8'W Quest Bay, Gough I, at anchorage I mile SE of SW point of Gough I 39° 27' S, 3° 24J' W 37° 31-1' S, 4° 33' E to 37° 29' S, 4° 39i' E 37° 08' S, 5° sH' E Date 193° 7v 13 V 14 V 16 V .7-18 V i8v 22 V 22 V Hon 2245 0245 'O54 1740 2134 2000 1 600 1045 1 1 12 II30 2100 I02I 1513 2100 Sounding (metres) 3755' 3052' 41 141 102 41 WIND Direction SW SW NWxW NE NE X E WNW N X W W X S WSW WNW W X N 22 21 12 19 7 14 20- 30 10 10 14 SEA Direction SW SW NW X W NE N WNW N :•, W W >; S WSW WSW W X N Weather O. m. d. o. s. q. b.i b.i o. q. p. s b.c. b. c. b. 981-6 979-6 1003-6 1006-3 1006-6 1016-5 994-9 1009-0 1007-9 1019-0 1027-0 1023-4 1025-0 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-5 2-8 3-0 5-0 13-0 10-6 13-8 lo-o 12-7 14-2 13-2 Wet bulb 0-5 1-4 1-2 1-5 3-5 11-8 8-5 9-5 12-0 10-8 Remarks slight NW swell mod. conf. swell mod.NW X W swell heavy conf. W swell mod. NW swell mod. conf. swell heavy NNW swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell heavy W swell heavy W swell mod. W swell mod. W swell 50 R.R.S, Discovery II 393B-402 Station 393 B coiit. 393 G 393 D 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 O 13 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 14 15 16 18 19 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 Temp. 24 i-6i i-6i I -60 I -60 1-55 1-44 1-82 .78 1-72 171 171 170 1-59 1-58 1-55 1-48 1-45 1-44 1-84 170 1-69 170 1-68 1-68 1-68 1-68 1-68 1-62 I -60 1-41 1-84 4-15 477 7-45 12-95 S %. 12-05 16-05 33-«« 33-88 33-92 33-95 33-95 34-09 34-48 33-85 33-86 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-88 33-88 33-93 33-95 34-°i 34-15 34-48 33-84 33-86 33-86 33-86 33-86 33-86 33-86 33-86 33-89 33-90 34-22 34-49 33-96 34-00 34-23 34-30 34-79 27-12 27-12 27-16 27-18 27-iS 27-30 27-59 27-09 27-10 27-11 27-11 27-11 27-13 27-13 27-17 27-19 27-24 27-35 27-59 27-09 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-13 27-14 27-41 27-60 26-96 26-93 26-77 PH 26-05 25-58 8-05 8-05 8-04 8-04 8-02 7-99 7-89 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-06 8-o6 8-05 8-05 8-04 8-01 7-96 7-88 8-07 8-06 8-07 8-o6 8-07 8-07 8-o6 8-05 8-04 8-00 7-93 7-88 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ O2 cc. p. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 115 116 115 114 115 118 132 114 106 106 103 100 no 116 no III 119 132 132 no 105 108 108 109 104 105 106 108 109 129 136 6-42 6-40 5-86 3-99 672 6-53 6-58 6-50 6-47 6-31 5-25 3-89 6-55 6-47 6-57 6-55 6-56 6-54 5-11 3-86 Gear N 100 B N50 V N70V N 100 B N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B N450H N70B Nioo B N70B N 100 B LH ND LH DLH ND LH N70B Nioo B TYFH NH N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 50-0 100-50 170-100 240-170 1 00-0 75-0 150-75 225-150 300-225 61-0 122-61 186-122 250-186 1 00-0 75^ 150-75 225-150 300-225 TIME 155-0 1500 -1600 [ 155-0 I 93-0 I- 41 141-102 I 4. 1200-1300 o 78-0 From To 2051 2051 2051 2051 224$ 0027 0027 0027 0027 0255 2118 1232 2109 2013 1500 0830 1052 1130 2117 1207 1300 2III Remarks 2II0 2III 2III 2II2 2340 0045 0046 00460 0047 KT DGB KT DGB 0420 2138 1532 2133 2032 1800 0930 1 102 1845 2136 1415 2130 KT DGB. + I hour G.M.T. KT KT. G.M.T. numerous hauls DGB. KT I hour G.M.T. 51 403-410 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction C o o c SEA Direction Weather cm OS CQ. Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 34 h' ^. 15' 01' E 35°34'S, i5°ooi'E 33°5oi'S, i5°46'Eto 34° 16' S, 15° 02' E 6 cables NE of Roman Rock, Simon's Bay, Cape Peninsula 35° 13' S, 17° soi' E to 34° 57' S, 17° 48' E 33° 04' S, 17° 26' E 1930 24 V 24 V 4 VI 5 VI 33° 03' S, 17° 02' E 33° 03' S, 16° 38*' E to 33° 03' S, 16° 36' E 20 viii 1650 1842 0130 0820 1430 0830 1843 0720 29 2822* 412 h. 20 viii 2G viii 1 130 1455 1829 464 gn. M. 1 198 S. gl. Oz. ENE N X E NNE NNE W SW X S SWx S SSW 4-5 SSW SSW SSW 10- 12 23 20- 27 24 13 16 18 IS ENE N conf. NNE W SW X S SW X S SSW SSW SSW SSW c. b. b.c. o. p. s. c.p. b.c. b.c. b. I02I-8 I02I-5 1009-2 1006-5 1004-8 1015-6 IOI7-6 1026-5 1022-8 157 iS-8 16-0 14-0 15-5 15-9 14-9 12-4 12-2 1023-4 14-0 IO2I-3 1022-5 13-5 13-5 13-5 13-4 13-4 13-6 14-7 15-9 14-0 9-7 "•5 12-5 12-0 10-5 mod. SW swell mod. W swell mod. to heavy WSW swell heavy W swell heavy conf. NW swell mod. SWx S swell heavy conf. swell mod. SSW swell mod. SSW swell mod. SSW swell mod. S swell 52 R.R.S. Discovery II 403-410 Station c o o S9 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7c,o at pH mgm. p.m.' 0, cc.p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 403 26 17-90 35-33 — — — — NH 1650 - 2 hours G.M.T. 404 26 N70B \ KT N 100 B lOI-O 2047 2107 405 7 TYFB 450-0 1200-0 2200-0 0204 0915 1619 0356 1300 2100 DGB DGP 406 8 29 14-71 13-18 35-1° 35-15 26-12 26-48 — — — BNR 29 1704 1715 407 'S TYFB N200B N 450 H 220-0 150-0 275-0 800-950 0855 1150 II 50 1505 1005 1304 1315 173s DGB 408 25 13-53 35-03 26-31 8-32 25 5-44 N50V 100-0 0735 10 13-51 35-03 26-32 8-32 27 — N70V 50-0 20 13-51 35-03 26-32 8-32 31 5-41 »> 100-50 30 13-39 35-03 26-35 8-32 31 — )) 250-100 40 12-51 35-03 26-52 8-30 37 5-08 )) 390-250 — 0850 50 60 12-31 12-28 35-01 35-01 26-55 26-55 8-23 8-19 43 44 4-24 N70B NiooB 1 128-0 0906 0921 KT 80 10-86 34-91 26-74 8-12 56 100 10-29 34-88 26-82 8-10 59 4-21 150 9-22 34-77 26-92 8-06 200 8-20 34-64 26-98 7-98 — 3-32 300 6-40 34-51 27-13 7-96 400 5-77 34-43 27-15 7-95 — 4-35 409 25 15-79 35-32 26-05 8-33 27 — - N50V 1 00-0 I137 10 15-79 35-32 26-05 8-33 27 — N70 V 50-0 20 15-79 35-32 26-05 8-33 32 — )) 100-50 30 15-73 35-32 26-06 8-33 32 — >) 250-100 40 15-73 35-32 26-06 8-32 36 — n 440-250 — 1227 50 60 15-73 15-73 35-31 35-31 26-06 26-06 8-32 8-32 36 35 — N70B NiooB 1 91-0 1 24 1 1301 KT 80 15-64 35-31 26-08 8-31 38 * 100 13-51 35-14 26-41 8-24 48 150 1 1-46 34-98 26-69 8-18 200 10-42 34-86 26-78 8-16 300 7-82 34-62 27-02 8-05 • 400 6-42 34-52 27-14 7-99 410 26 15-82 35-27 26-00 8-32 24 5-36 N50V 100-0 1825 1835 10 15-81 35-30 26-03 8-32 24 — N70 V 50-0 1504 20 15-80 35-3° 26-03 8-32 27 5-27 It 100-50 30 15-78 35-30 26-04 8-32 26 — ,, 250-100 40 •5-75 35-29 26-04 8-32 26 5-17 ,, 500-250 50 '5-75 35-30 26-04 8-32 25 — n 750-500 — 1745 60 15-74 35-30 26-04 8-31 26 5-19 N70B j 128-0 1757 1819 KT 80 15-53 35-30 26-09 8-31 26 — NiooB 100 13-73 35-12 26-35 8-22 41 4-68 150 I2-8l 35-05 26-48 8-17 200 11-76 34-98 26-63 8-15 — 4-62 300 10-01 34-79 26-80 8-12 400 7-86 34-61 27-01 8-06 — 4-08 600 4-46 34-35 27-24 8-03 — 4-43 800 3-64 34-42 27-38 8-00 — 4-27 1000 3-21 34-52 27-50 8-00 — 3-89 53 411-414 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position 411 412 413 414 33°03'S, i6°i5-rEto 33°03'S, i6°i3'E 33° 03' S, 15° 50' E to 33° 03' S, 15° 48' E 33°i3'S, i5°46i'E 40°28'S, 16° 52' E to 40°28'S, i6°56'E Date Hour 1930 20 viii 21 viii 21 viii 28 Sounding (metres) 2020 2355 0145 0557 1300 2130 1315 220S 2264 w. CI. Gl. 2931 h. 4943 h. WIND Direction ssw S X W SSW s SSE S NE >; N NE Ho c 'S SEA Direction SSW 10 10 18 14 54 SSW s S X E S NE X N NE Weather 19 S X W 2 (U en O. h.c. b.c. c. b. «. 1022-6 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 14-0 1023-3 13-5 1023-4 1023-2 1022-2 1022-8 IO18-I IOI4-2 13-0 13-2 14-6 14-5 Wet bulb 10-8 10-6 10-5 12-5 8-7 Remarks mod. SSW swell mod. SSW swell mod. S swell mod. coiif. SW swell mod. SW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 411-414 Station c o _ "0-3' HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p o TIME ^ T3 < Depth (m etres) Temp. s 7,: -, at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 411 26 15-72 35-31 26-06 8-32 20 N50 V 100-0 2025 10 15-74 35-31 26-05 8-32 20 ~ N70V 50-0 20 15-74 35-31 26-05 8-32 24 — »» 100-50 30 15-74 35-31 26-05 8-32 21 — ,, 250-100 40 15-75 35-31 26-05 8-32 20 — »» 500-250 50 15-74 35-31 26-05 8-32 23 — M 750-500 60 15-74 35-31 26-05 8-32 25 — ,, 1000-750 — 2315 80 100 15-65 13-69 35-31 35-08 26-07 26-32 8-31 8-23 27 41 N70B N 100 B 1 130-0 2326 2346 KT 150 12-42 35-05 26-56 8-i8 200 11-44 34-98 26-69 8-14 300 9-20 34-64 26-82 8-II 400 7-78 34-56 26-98 8-09 600 4-57 34-34 27-22 8-07 800 3-56 34-39 27-37 8-04 1000 3-II 34-49 27-49 8-04 1500 2-94 34-76 27-72 8-04 2000 2-92 34-84 27-79 8-04 412 26 16-17 35-35 25-98 8-32 23 4-8i N50V 1 00-0 0153 10 16-17 35-34 25-98 8-32 23 — N70V 50-0 20 16-17 35-34 25-98 8-32 24 4-84 »> 100-50 30 16-17 35-34 25-98 8-32 23 — >> 250-100 40 16-13 35-32 25-97 8-32 23 4-79 j> 500-250 5° 15-43 35-26 26-08 8-32 23 — ,, 750-500 — 0525 60 80 15-32 14-22 35-21 35-08 26-07 26-21 8-30 8-28 33 39 4-54 N70B N 100 B 1 113^ 0537 0557 KT 100 13-67 35-08 26-43 8-19 46 4-19 150 12-55 35-08 26-55 8-17 200 11-50 34-91 26-62 8-15 — 4-32 300 9-45 34-70 26-82 8-09 400 7-38 34-50 26-99 8-03 — 4-05 600 4-44 34-31 27-21 8-03 — 4-27 800 3-54 34-36 27-34 8-02 — 3-83 1000 3-12 34-46 27-46 8-03 — 3-61 1500 2-82 34-70 27-68 8-02 — 4-02 2000 2-81 34-82 27-78 8-03 — 4-59 2500 2-61 34-83 27-80 8-03 — 4-70 413 27 TYFB 1600-1000 2200-1600 (-0) 550-350 350-0 1428 1428 1735 1951 1600 1608 1905 2120 DGP 414 4 I2-II 34-80 26-42 8-28 58 5-60 N50V 1 00-0 1327 10 12-09 34-80 26-43 8-28 60 — N70V 50-0 20 12-05 34-79 26-43 8-28 60 5-57 „ 100-50 30 12-04 34-79 26-43 8-29 59 — »i 250-100 40 I2-02 34-78 26-43 8-28 60 5-66 )) 500-250 50 12-01 34-78 26-43 8-27 60 — >5 750-500 60 11-64 34-78 26-50 8-27 60 5-55 ,, 1000-750 80 10-94 34-69 26-56 8-26 68 — ,, I 500- I 000 — 161O 100 10-90 34-65 26-54 8-24 71 5-68 N70B [ III-O 1750 181O KT 150 10-54 34-60 26-56 8-23 64 — N 100 B 200 10-23 34-53 26-56 8-22 88 5-66 N 100 B I 700- I 000 1915 1958 DGP 300 9-II 34-58 26-79 8-16 94 400 8-69 34-64 26-90 8-13 98 4-62 600 5-53 34-40 27-15 8-II 116 3-67 800 4-68 34-46 27-30 8-04 167 4-49 1000 3-69 34-52 27-46 8-00 167 1500 2-84 34-67 27-66 7-98 152 3-78 55 414-417 Station 414 coiit. 415 416 Position 40° 28' S, 16° 52' E to 40° 28' S, 16° 56' E 39°39l'S, i7°o8J'Eto 39°4orS, i7°i3VE 38° S3' S, 17° 35r E to 38° 491' S, 17° 33l' E 417 38° 09' S, 17° 45I' E R.R.S. Discovery II Date 1930 28 29 viii Hour 0158 0645 ^9 viii 1045 1630 Sounding (metres) 4197 h. WIND Direction NWxN ssw 5341 ssw rd. CI. S. SSW 29-30 viii 2035 0135 10 SEA Direction NW SSW SSW conf. 4778 rcl. CI. S. ENE NWxN 13 10 NWxN Weather c. p. o. e. o. 1) a m ^ I0II-8 1014-3 b. c. p. b. c. p. 1017-9 1018-7 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 14-0 II-5 1019-0 14-0 13-0 13-8 Wet bulb 1019-3 15-4 56 13-0 11-7 11-6 13-5 14-0 Remarks mod. N swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. SW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 414-417 Station c o o 2?. HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p n TIME O-c Depth Temp. S7„ pH ^2^5 0. Gear Depth w ^ — ' < (metres) " C. at mgm. p.m.' cc. p. 1. (metres) From To 414 2000 2-74 34-79 27-76 7-99 143 COIlt. 2500 3000 2-49 2-24 34-83 34-84 27-82 27-84 8-i6 8-14 136 126 4-62 3500 1-81 34-82 27-86 8-16 126 4-68 4000 i-ii 34-76 27-87 8-15 132 4500 0-94 34-72 27-85 8-i6 136 4-60 415 5 10 11-30 11-28 34-64 34-65 26-45 26-46 8-27 8-27 58 59 5-84 N70B N 100 B I .58^ 0217 0235 KT 20 11-24 34-65 26-47 8-27 59 5-79 N50 V 1 00-0 0300 30 1 1 - 1 6 34-65 26-49 8-27 59 — N70V 50-0 40 I i-io 34-64 26-49 8-27 59 5-83 „ 100-50 50 10-92 34-64 26-52 8-26 69 — >> 250-100 60 10-88 34-64 26-53 8-26 70 5-79 »» 500-250 80 io-8o 34-64 26-54 8-25 74 — n 750-600 100 10-72 34-61 26-54 8-25 74 5-82 15 1000-750 — 0634 150 10-70 34-61 26-54 8-25 74 200 10-62 34-61 26-55 8-24 76 5-74 300 9-34 34-60 26-76 8-i6 86 400 7-99 34-53 26-92 8-12 104 4-84 600 4-96 34-48 27-29 8-10 114 5-00 Soo 3-60 34-26 27-26 8-07 136 4-85 1000 2-97 34-33 27-37 8-00 148 1500 2-75 34-62 27-62 7-96 152 3-85 2000 2-58 34-79 27-78 8-02 139 2500 2-48 34-84 27-82 8-12 126 4-59 3000 2-34 34-86 27-85 8-12 126 3500 1-95 34-82 27-85 8-12 132 4-64 4000 1-16 34-78 27-88 8-09 132 4-54 416 5 16-22 35-38 26-00 8-33 31 5-25 N50 V 1 00-0 105 1 10 l6-22 35-38 26-00 8-33 31 — N70V 50-0 20 i6-i6 35-38 26-01 8-33 , 31 4-95 ,, 100-50 30 16-13 35-38 26-02 8-33 33 — ,, 250-100 40 15-86 35-35 26-06 8-33 34 4-98 ,, 500-250 50 15-82 35-35 26-06 8-33 36 — ,, 750-500 60 15-66 35-28 26-05 8-31 37 5-00 »» 1000-750 80 15-53 35-26 26-06 8-31 37 — »» I500-IOOO — 1353 100 13-72 34-99 26-25 8-28 46 4-92 N70B [ I lO-O 1603 1623 KT 150 13-26 34-99 26-35 8-23 69 — N 100 B J 200 12-14 34-88 26-48 8-21 69 5-00 300 9-78 34-52 26-63 8-16 108 400 8-90 34-55 26-80 8-11 108 5-03 600 5-94 34-30 27-02 8-10 134 4-76 800 4-05 34-29 27-24 8-05 141 4-89 1000 3-48 34-36 27-35 8-02 146 1500 2-91 34-66 27-64 7-96 150 3-73 2000 2-67 34-74 27-73 S-04 165 2500 2-54 34-85 27-83 8-05 146 4-60 3000 2-44 34-85 27-83 8-13 130 3500 2-24 34-81 27-82 8-16 127 4-38 4000 1-67 34-79 27-85 8-14 130 4500 1-04 34-76 27-87 8-15 146 4-32 5000 0-97 34-76 27-88 8-13 155 4-38 417 5 15-62 35-26 26-04 8-34 49 5-33 N70B - IIO-O 2046 2106 KT 10 15-53 35-26 26-06 8-34 49 — N 100 B J 20 15-53 35-26 26-06 8-34 50 5-22 Nso V 1 00-0 2116 30 15-51 35-26 26-06 8-33 58 — N70V 50-0 4° 15-43 35-26 26-08 8-33 58 5-19 )i 100-50 50 15-16 35-23 26-12 8-33 56 — yy 250-100 60 15-02 35-17 26-11 8-32 56 5-22 )) 500-250 57 417-419 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 417 cont. 418 419 Position 38° 09' S, 17° 45i' E 37° 25' S, 17° 56V E Date 1930 29-30 viii 3°. viii Hour 0547 1033 36° 29' S, 18° i6i' E to 36° 29' S, 18° i5i' E 3° viii 1533 1951 Sounding (metres) 4565 h. 4170 gl. Oz. sm. St. WIND Direction N X W NNW NWxN NNW o c SEA Direction 58 NNW NNW u. O-I Weather c. r. b.c. 1019-1 1019-3 1016-9 1016-7 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 15-0 15-5 16-0 15-7 Wet bulb 14-0 13-5 14-5 13-8 Remarks mod. WSW swell mod. conf. NW swell mod. WNW swell R,R.S. Discovery H 417-419 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS P>Or TIME Remarks < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s °/„. at pH mgm. p.m.' 0., cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 417 5 8o 14-80 35-09 26-09 8-31 60 N70V 750-500 > cont. 100 13-72 34-91 26-19 8-28 64 5-19 »» 1000-750 150 I2-II 34-7° 26-35 8-24 66 — l> 1 500-1000 — 0031 200 10-96 34-62 26-50 8-18 74 5-03 300 9-60 34-59 26-71 8-13 82 400 7-98 34-56 26-95 8-09 99 4-65 600 5-07 34-28 27-17 8-o8 112 4-62 Soo 3-84 34-30 27-29 8-03 130 4-46 1000 3-42 34-39 27-38 7-99 141 1500 2-72 34-65 27-65 7-99 146 4-43 2000 2-63 34-74 27-73 8-04 141 2500 2-44 34-75 27-76 8-10 130 4-40 3000 2-24 34-79 27-80 8-10 127 3500 1-77 34-73 27-80 8-12 127 4-57 4000 1-13 34-69 27-81 8-12 130 4500- 0-92 34-68 27-82 8-07 141 4-46 418 6 15-96 35-27 25-97 8-34 50 5-19 N70B - 107-0 0613 0633 KT 10 15-96 35-27 25-97 8-34 50 — N 100 B ) 20 15-96 35-27 25-97 8-34 50 4-95 N50V 1 00-0 0652 30 15-96 35-27 25-97 8-34 50 — N70 V 50-0 40 15-72 35-25 26-01 8-34 53 — n 100-50 50 15-43 35-17 26-01 8-34 53 — )) 250-100 60 15-02 35-11 26-06 8-33 53 5-25 ,, 500-250 80 14-32 35-00 26-13 8-32 55 — »> 750-500 100 13-70 34-94 26-21 8-27 60 5-17 »» 1000-750 150 12-32 34-76 26-35 8-24 60 >» 1500-1000 — 0958 200 11-91 34-83 26-49 8-20 78 5-00 300 11-50 34-95 26-66 8-15 92 400 8-90 34-60 26-84 8-10 112 4-40 600 5-66 34-41 27-15 8-o6 141 4-II 800 4-21 34-35 27-27 — 141 4-32 1000 3-35 34-40 27-39 7-99 141 1500 2-73 34-64 27-64 7-98 146 3-86 2000 2-58 34-76 27-75 8-01 134 2500 2-49 34-80 27-79 8-09 127 4-57 3000 2-19 34-80 27-82 8-11 124 3500 1-66 34-78 27-84 8-10 124 4-62 4000 1-05 34-72 27-84 8-09 141 4500 0-77 34-70 27-84 8-03 146 4-57 419 6 17-60 35-43 25-70 8-33 34 4-89 N50V 1 00-0 1530 TD 18 m. Light Penetration 10 20 30 17-42 17-38 17-35 35-42 35-42 35-41 25-73 25-75 8-33 8-33 8-33 34 40 4-95 N70V 50-0 100-50 250-100 Hour 1540-1740 25-75 43 n CCS. of N/io uranyl oxalate 40 17-32 35-41 25-75 8-33 44 4-84 ,. 500-250 50 17-22 35-38 25-75 8-33 44 — „ 750-500 Depth decomposed 60 80 17-19 17-05 35-38 35-37 25-76 25-79 8-33 8-33 44 44 4-87 N70B 1000-750 } 84^ 192S 1920 1948 KT per hour 2-46 0-91 0-67 0-46 100 17-02 35-37 25-79 8-31 45 4-92 N 100 B 150 16-52 35-36 25-91 8-30 55 I 200 15-64 35-23 26-01 8-30 56 4-89 5 300 13-39 35-12 26-42 8-22 68 10 400 11-85 34-97 26-61 8-i6 92 4-79 15 0-21 0-18 600 7-82 34-58 26-99 8-12 120 4-38 20 800 4-68 34-26 27-15 8-08 146 4-89 25 0-07 1000 3-95 34-37 27-31 8-00 149 30 0-05 1500 2-83 34-60 27-60 7-96 149 3-75 35 0-02 2000 2-81 34-76 27-73 8-03 149 40 0-02 2500 3000 2-74 2-50 34-85 34-86 27-81 27-84 8-II 8-11 140 130 4-62 45 0-02 3500 2-32 34-84 27-84 8-12 UZ 4-87 4000 1-38 34-80 27-88 8-12 145 4-79 1 59 420-425 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND SEA Weather 1- ^—^ Air Temp. ° C. Remarks Direction a c Direction Dr>' bulb Wet bulb 420 35° 35' S, i8° 2si' E 1930 viii 0051 0351 2474 gn.y.M. W SW X W 2 18 SWxW 2 b.C. b.c. 1017-3 1017-6 15-6 14-8 14-0 14-3 mod. WSW swell mod. conf. swell 421 34°42VS, i8°39'E 31 viii 0830 180 w 10 w 2 c. d. I020-I 14-2 13-8 slight conf. W swell 422 34° 53*' S, 20° 15J' E 2 ix 2130 90* w 20 w 4 b. 1008-4 15-0 12-8 mod. W swell 423 34° 27V S, 25° 044' E 3ix 2130 117* NE 19 NE 3 b.c. 1004-0 15-2 13-0 mod. to heavy WSW swell 424 34° isr S, 25° sSr E 4ix 0235 119 NNW 14 NNW 2 b. 1003-7 16-0 14-0 mod. conf. swell 425 34°5o'S, 26°4ii'Eto 34° 531' S, 26° 30I' E 4ix 0815 1200 4106 gl. Oz. f. S. W w 24 24 W w 5 4 c. c. 1003-6 1005-8 20-5 17-8 14-7 15-0 heavy W swell V. hea\'y WSW swell 1620 SWxW 30 SWxW 5 c-g- 1005-7 16-7 14-2 )) 60 R.R.S. Discovery II 420-425 Station tM 420 421 422 423 424 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 425 o 10 20 3° 4° 5° 6o So 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 o 10 20 30 4° 50 60 80 100 150 Temp. °c. s /, o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 16-48 16-46 1 6-44 16-42 15-92 15-56 15-48 14-57 13-94 12-41 10-61 8-50 6-98 4-76 3-92 3-30 2-84 2-81 15-13 15-12 14-44 14-39 14-24 14-17 14-07 14-02 10-79 9-12 14-65 16-90 17-11 17-11 17-11 17-10 17-04 16-97 16-24 15-13 13-28 2i-og 21-1 1 21-1 1 21-11 21-11 21-1 1 21-06 20-91 20-1 I 18-66 17-81 16-25 14-42 11-76 9-64 8-20 35-32 35-32 35-32 35-32 35-26 35-23 35-21 35-13 35-10 35-09 34-85 34-61 34-51 34-36 34-43 34-46 34-74 34-84 35-29 35-29 35-19 35-19 35-19 35-19 35-19 35-19 34-90 34-71 35-35 35-35 35-34 35-34 35-34 35-34 35-34 35-31 35-29 35-26 35-09 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-41 35-46 35-52 35-53 35-53 35-43 35-12 34-85 34-72 25-89 25-89 25-89 25-90 25-97 26-03 26-03 26-17 26-28 26-59 26-74 26-91 27-05 27-21 27-36 27-45 27-71 27-80 26-18 26-18 26-25 26-26 26-29 26-31 26-33 26-34 26-75 26-88 26-33 25-81 25-75 25-75 25-75 25-75 25-76 25-76 25-92 26-15 26-42 24-79 24-78 24-78 24-78 24-78 24-78 24-79 24-83 25-08 25-50 25-72 26-10 26-44 26-74 26-91 27-04 pH 8-32 8-33 8-32 8-33 8-32 8-31 8-31 8-26 8-24 8-18 8-14 8-05 8-03 8-02 8-03 7-98 7-98 8-02 8-32 8-32 8-30 8-29 8-26 8-24 8-23 8-23 8-11 7-99 8-33 8-33 8-33 8-33 8-32 8-31 8-29 8-22 8-13 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-34 8-33 8-32 8-32 8-27 8-i8 8-19 8-13 8-10 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ 35 43 S3 56 62 62 62 73 80 82 126 133 141 154 154 159 154 154 51 51 52 60 64 65 71 73 113 121 49 52 47 47 49 49 52 78 87 26 26 26 26 26 32 27 27 27 30 30 55 52 77 104 114 o, cc. p. 1. 4-S9 4-84 4-92 4-95 4-35 4-38 4-32 4-24 4-16 4-35 4-65 5-38 5-36 5-36 5-19 5-86 3-34 5-00 5-01 4-93 4-36 3-85 4-70 4-71 4-70 4-67 4-79 4-71 4-23 4-27 4-47 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70B N 100 B N50V N70 V N50V N70V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N70B N 100 B N50 V N70V Depth (metres) TIME N50V N70 V - 106-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 150-100 77-0 86- 56-0 59-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 From To 0104 0130 0835 0930 2143 2139 0237 0307 0827 0124 0350 0917 0950 2203 2159 0258 0332 Remarks KT KT KT KT KT 1134 61 425-430 R.R,S. Discovery II Station Position 425 colli. 426 427 428 429 430 34°5o'S, 26°4ii'Eto 34°53rS,26°30i'E Date 1930 4ix 34° 58' S, 26° 221' E 36° 37' S, 28° 48' E to 36° 38' S, 28° 56' E 37° 14V S, 29° 34I' E to 37°i3'S,29°35|'E 37°47rS,3o°i4rE 41° 14' S, 34° SSV E Hour 4 IX 7 IX 7 IX 9 IX 2130 0800 1340 Sounding (metres) WIND SEA 1750 2235 0235 0500 4951 gy. Oz. 4777 4696 Direction W sw SSE N N c o o c Direction NNW NWxW 20 17 conf. SW conf. N N Weather NNW NWxW o. r. c. b. b. b.c. o.p. 0) « ■jj 1-1 O =3 1007-9 1026-7 1024-3 AirTemp.°C, Dry bulb 15-5 12-2 15-0 Wet bulb 14-0 8-5 13-5 Remarks V. heavy conf. W swell heavy SW swell mod. SSW swell 1022-9 1021-7 1017-9 1002-7 13-2 14-6 15-2 14-7 9-2 "•5 12-4 mod. SW swell mod. V. conf. swell mod. V. conf. swell conf.NW X W swell 62 R.R.S. Discovery 11 425-430 Station c o o ^ ^3 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p,o^ TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S 7o: at pH mgm. p.m.' O2 cc.p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 425 1 1 1500 4-12 34-72 27-57 8-04 157 3-04 cont. 2000 2-76 2500 2-6i 34-79 27-77 7-97 143 4-05 3000 2-40 34-83 27-82 8-11 143 3500 2-03 34-82 27-85 8-12 145 4-43 4000 1-44 34-79 27-87 8-00 139 4-52 426 12 20-40 35-53 25-06 — — — N70B N 100 B 1 161-O 2138 2158 KT 427 14 i8-oi 35-48 25-64 8-36 31 4-94 N50V 1 00-0 0800 — Two hauls 10 18-02 35-48 25-64 8-36 29 — N70V 50-0 20 18-03 35-48 25-63 8-36 31 4-88 100-50 30 18-03 35-48 25-63 8-36 31 — 250-100 40 18-03 35-48 25-63 8-36 31 4-90 500-250 50 18-03 35-48 25-63 8-36 31 — 750-500 60 18-03 35-48 25-63 8-36 31 5-00 1000-750 — 1230 80 100 18-02 18-01 35-48 35-48 25-64 25-64 8-36 8-35 29 31 4-91 N70B NiooB 1 170-0 1318 1338 KT 150 17-81 35-48 25-69 8-33 31 200 17-75 35-48 25-70 8-33 34 4-59 300 16-57 35-52 26-02 8-30 41 400 15-10 35-44 26-30 8-28 57 4-39 600 12-67 35-21 26-63 8-25 74 4-21 800 10-61 34-96 26-83 8-21 97 4-41 1000 8-20 34-66 26-99 8-13 133 1500 3-64 34-44 27-40 8-00 153 3-88 2000 2-81 34-7° 27-68 7-95 158 2500 2-64 34-79 27-77 8-12 149 4-23 3000 2-35 34-84 27-84 8-13 149 3500 2-02 34-83 27-86 8-11 149 4-49 4000 1-44 34-78 27-86 8-04 158 4500 1-28 34-76 27-86 8-09 153 4-44 428 IS 18-36 35-5° 25-57 8-34 — 4-97 N50V 1 00-0 1755 10 18-11 35-50 25-62 8-34 — — N70V 50-0 20 i8-ii 35-50 25-62 8-34 — 5-19 100-50 30 18-03 35-50 25-65 8-34 — — 250-100 40 18-03 35-50 25-65 8-34 — 5-00 500-250 50 18-01 35-50 25-65 8-34 — — t) 750-500 60 18-01 35-50 25-65 8-34 — 4-92 1000-750 — 2010 80 100 17-96 17-92 35-50 35-50 25-66 25-67 8-34 8-33 — . 4-96 N70B NiooB 1 104-0 2217 2237 KT 150 17-89 35-50 25-68 8-31 200 17-71 35-48 25-71 8-31 — 4-66 300 16-59 35-50 26-00 8-30 400 15-01 35-42 26-30 8-26 — 4-24 600 12-73 35-23 26-64 8-22 — 4-47 800 10-26 34-88 26-83 8-19 — 4-50 1000 8-01 34-66 27-02 8-10 1500 3-57 34-51 27-46 7-95 — 3-77 2000 2-75 34-70 27-69 7-95 2500 2-66 34-79 27-77 8-06 — 4-36 3000 2-36 34-84 27-83 8-07 3500 2-04 34-83 27-85 8-06 — 4-58 4000 1-55 34-79 27-86 8-05 4500 1-22 34-76 27-86 8-01 — 4-61 429 15 400 18-61 15-62 35-53 25-52 — — ~ N70B NiooB I 82-0 0256 0316 KT 430 16 — — — — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 75-0 0516 0536 KT 63 431-433 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 431 432 Position 41° 59r S, 35° sSr K to 41° 56i' S, 35° 541' E 433 40° 49' S, 34° 37' E to 40° 46I' S, 34° 36i' E Date 39° 37' S, 33° 04' Etc 39° 38' S, 33° 08' E 1930 9ix Hour 1702 0433 IIIO lO-II ix SoundinK (metres) 5033 4588 2230 0320 WIND Direction ssw SW X W wsw SWxW o c 15 13 19 32 4034' SWx W ssw SEA Direction 22 19 64 SSW conf. WSW SWxW SW X W SW X W Weather o. d. g. b. c. 1003-3 1003-0 IOIO-7 IOI2-7 Air Temp. C. Dry bulb 1020-7 1019-8 97 9-3 8-4 lo-o Wet bulb 10-4 lo-i 8-5 8-5 5-5 6-5 Remarks heavy conf. WNW swell heavy conf. swell heavy W swell heavy conf. WSW swell 10-2 heavy conf. WSW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 431-433 Station c o HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p»o TIME O -13 < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S7o-, at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 431 1 6 O ii-6i 34-84 26-55 8-2S 56 5-67 N50V 1 00-0 1117 10 11-59 34-84 26-56 8-28 55 — N70V 50-0 20 11-59 34-84 26-56 8-28 56 5-75 ,, 100-50 30 11-59 34-84 26-56 8-2S 56 — ,, 250-100 40 11-59 34-84 26-56 8-28 56 5-79 »5 500-250 50 11-59 34-84 26-56 8-28 54 — „ 750-500 60 11-57 34-84 26-56 8-28 54 5-8i ,, 1000-750 — 1358 So 11-20 34-81 26-61 8-26 54 — TYFB 550-0 1603 1703 DGB 100 9-99 34-63 26-68 S-22 60 5-63 150 8-41 34-38 26-74 8-17 74 200 9-19 34-54 26-74 8-17 71 5-51 300 9-17 34-64 26-82 8-09 76 400 6-62 34-38 27-00 8-06 90 5-00 600 5-30 34-38 27-17 8-05 114 4-80 800 4-07 34-37 27-30 8-04 134 4-34 1000 3-42 34-48 27-45 7-97 148 1500 2-S4 34-69 27-67 7-93 14S 3-92 2000 2-57 34-76 27-75 8-01 128 2500 2-50 34-83 27-82 S-oS 128 4-55 3000 2-10 34-83 27-85 8-oS 128 3500 1-59 34-81 27-87 8-04 128 4-90 4000 i-ii 34-78 27-88 S-07 130 4500 0-86 34-75 27-S8 8-07 130 4-40 432 17 10 13-19 13-19 35-05 35-04 26-40 26-40 8-29 8-30 35 35 5-47 N70B N 100 B j 130-0 0432 0445 KT 20 13-20 35-04 26-39 8-30 35 5-42 N50V 1 00-0 0520 30 13-20 35-04 26-39 8-30 35 — N70V 50-0 40 13-19 35-05 26-40 8-30 35 5-42 n 100-50 50 13-19 35-05 26-40 S-30 35 — ii 250-100 60 13-19 35-05 26-40 8-30 40 6-02 11 500-250 So 13-19 35-05 26-40 S-30 52 — )) 750-500 100 13-21 35-04 26-39 8-30 52 5-53 ,, 1000-750 — 0745 150 12-99 35-02 26-42 8-28 52 200 11-91 34-94 26-57 8-22 64 5-26 300 10-97 34-92 26-73 8-18 77 400 9-71 34-78 26-84 8-16 87 4-73 600 7-12 34-56 27-07 S-ii no 4-34 Soo 5-07 34-42 27-23 S-io 126 4-41 1000 4-06 34-44 27-35 7-98 130 1500 2-98 34-63 27-61 8-02 143 3-55 2000 2-66 34-75 27-74 8-02 137 2500 2-48 34-81 27-80 8-10 120 4-92 3000 2-20 34-81 27-82 8-II 120 3500 2-10 34-80 27-82 8-11 121 4000 1-59 34-78 27-85 8-08 121 5-02 433 i8 17-21 35-49 25-84 8-34 33 5-02 N7OB / 9^-0 2248 2309 KT 10 17-23 35-49 25-84 8-34 33 — N 100 B I ^ 20 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-34 33 5-02 N50 V 1 00-0 2322 30 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-34 33 — N70 V 50-0 40 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-34 33 5-04 ,, 100-50 V 50 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-34 33 — )> 250-100 60 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-33 33 5-27 >> 500-250 , So 17-23 35-48 25-83 8-32 33 — ,, 750-500 100 I7-II 35-48 25-85 8-32 33 5-04 „ 1000-750 — 0215 150 16-62 35-49 25-98 8-30 33 200 i5'73 35-43 26-15 S-26 47 4-23 300 13-35 35-12 26-42 8-25 52 400 1 1 -So 34-87 26-54 8-19 50 4-89 600 9-II 34-72 26-90 8-14 74 4-51 800 6-23 34-51 27-15 8-o6 113 4-39 65 433-436 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 433 colli. 434 435 436 Position 39° 37' S, 33° 04' E to 39° 38' S, 33° 08' E 38°27f'S,3i°25'Eto 38°27i'S,3i°3i'E 35° 431' S, 27° 44-1' E to 35° 5or S, 27° 54' E 29° SSr S, 31° 261' E Date 1930 lO-II ix 12-13 ix 20 IX Hour 1500 1853 2330 0343 1300 Sounding (metres) 4312 4702 417 WIND Direction W W NE X E c o-i 19 30 25 SEA Direction conf. W NE X E Weather b. b. c. p. b. m- 1023-6 1004-1 1003-8 1020-2 AirTemp. °C, Dry bulb 12-5 12-5 iS-S 19-0 Wet bulb 8-S 9-0 i«-5 15-5 Remarks mod. SW swell mod. conf. swell mod. W swell slight S X E swell 66 R.R.S. Discovery 11 433-436 Station 433 colli. 434 435 20 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 436 27 Depth (metres) lOOO 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 Temp. 4-45 3-29 3-06 273 2-56 2-36 14-86 14-62 14-47 14-41 14-34 14-31 14-21 13-92 13-42 12-45 I2-02 11-08 9-80 7-09 5-16 4-08 3-10 2-70 2-54 2-32 1-98 I9-I I 19-09 18-70 18-65 18-63 i8-6i 18-61 18-58 18-51 17-79 17-51 16-03 14-37 12-47 10-20 8-06 4-01 2-85 2-69 2-40 2-15 1-69 1-35 20-87 20-86 20-79 20-77 20-75 20-69 20-62 19-41 18-17 34-42 34-59 34-76 34-78 34-85 34-81 35-23 35-22 35-18 35-18 35-17 35-17 35-16 35-12 35-°6 34-94 34-90 34-88 34-82 34-54 34-44 34-44 34-56 34-77 34-81 34-83 34-80 35-48 35-48 35-46 35-46 35-45 35-45 35-46 35-45 35-46 35-46 35-48 35-52 35-39 35-17 34-85 34-66 34-56 34-69 34-81 34-84 34-85 34-80 34-78 35-41 35-40 35-40 35-41 35-40 35-40 35-40 35-33 35-32 at 27-30 27-55 27-71 27-75 27-82 27-81 26-19 26-23 26-24 26-25 26-25 26-26 26-27 26-30 26-36 26-47 26-52 26-68 26-86 27-06 27-23 27-35 27-55 27-75 27-79 27-83 27-84 25-36 25-37 25-45 25-46 25-46 25-46 25-47 25-47 25-50 25-67 25-76 26-15 26-42 26-64 26-81 27-01 27-46 27-67 27-78 27-83 27-86 27-86 27-87 24-84 24-84 24-86 24-87 24-87 24-88 24-90 25-17 25-48 pH 8-00 7-97 8-02 8-06 8-10 8-08 8-28 8-28 8-28 8-29 8-28 8-27 8-27 8-27 8-27 8-19 8-17 8-14 8-10 8-03 7-95 7-94 7-93 7-93 7-97 8-04 8-04 8-33 8-32 8-32 8-32 8-32 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-26 8-25 8-23 8-18 8-17 8-15 8-05 7-92 7-93 8-06 8-04 8-04 8-03 8-04 8-33 8-32 8-32 8-31 8-32 8-31 8-27 8-25 P2O, mgm. p.m.'' 150 150 150 136 126 128 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 40 69 71 78 78 112 136 157 152 139 128 128 122 35 35 35 27 27 27 27 27 27 38 38 47 47 48 90 90 141 136 130 128 128 130 131 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 25 O2 cc. p.l. 3-63 3-87 4-56 5-38 5-31 5-41 5-46 4-13 4-69 4-41 4-55 3-62 4-54 4-56 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 5-00 4-67 4-59 4-71 4-18 N50 V N70V N70B N 100 B N50V N70V N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N70B NiooB BNR Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 1500-850 [ 135-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 !- 86-0 TIME From To 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 400-250 95^ 416 (^) 1503 1832 2337 1801 1852 Remarks TD 20 KT 0326 1306 1420 1503 0247 0341 1402 1440 1518 KT KT 67 436-440 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 436 conl. 437 438 Position 29° 551' S. 31° 261' E 29° 59' S, 31° 47' E 3o°o5i'S, 32°05rE 439 30° 12' S, 32° 24' E 440 Date 1930 20 ix 20 IX Hour 20-21 ix 3o°i3|'S,32°48rEto 30° 25!' S, 32° 48' E 21 IX 0420 0724 Sounding (metres) 21 IX 0945 1222 1600 889* 1361^ 2526* WIND Direction NNE NNE N N 2220' NW ssw ssw c O o c 25 31 SEA Direction 30 25 13 30 26 6.8 NNE NNE N N NW SSW ssw Weather 3 4-5 4 b. b. b. b. c. b.c. b.c. 5 P 1017-5 Air Temp. ° C. 1015-8 I0I0-5 IOI3-2 IOI6-0 IOI7-4 Dry bulb 19-3 19-5 19-5 21-4 19-7 19-8 Wet bulb 16-3 17-5 19-0 18-8 17-0 15-5 Remarks mod. NE swell \ slight conf. swell conf. N swell mod. N swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. N swell mod. SW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 436-440 Station 436 cent. 437 27 28 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 438 28 439 28 440 28 Temp. °C. 150 200 300 400 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 3° 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 o 10 20 30 40 S 7,: 15-20 13-89 11-83 io-6i 20-08 20-08 20-08 20-02 20-02 20-O2 20-02 19-93 19-90 18-72 16-61 15-17 12-80 10-28 7-57 20-03 20-04 20-04 20-04 20-04 20-03 20-03 20-03 20-01 18-61 17-22 14-91 14-42 11-30 9-52 6-95 19-62 19-63 19-63 19-61 19-60 19-51 19-47 19-42 18-99 18-09 17-75 16-21 14-33 12-07 9-73 7-20 4-20 2-80 19-64 19-61 19-58 19-41 19-32 35-29 35-25 35-07 34-92 35-45 35-45 35-46 35-45 35-42 35-43 35-45 35-42 35-45 35-45 35-46 35-44 35-26 34-90 34-68 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-42 35-46 35-46 35-41 35-34 35-00 34-78 34-29? 35-47 35-47 35-48 35-47 35-48 35-48 35-48 35-48 35-48 35-53 35-53 35-51 35-40 35-17 34-85 34-63 34-58 34-76 35-45 35-46 35-46 35-46 35-46 PH 26-16 26-41 26-69 26-80 25-08 25-08 25-09 25-10 25-08 25-09 25-10 25-10 25-13 25-44 25-97 26-28 26-65 26-84 27-10 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-07 25-47 25-81 26-32 26-37 26-73 26-88 26-88 25-22 25-22 25-22 25-22 25-23 25-26 25-27 25-28 25-39 25-65 25-74 26-09 26-44 26-72 26-89 27-12 27-45 27-73 25-20 25-21 25-22 25-27 25-29 P.O5 mgm. p.m.' 8-15 8-12 8-07 8-03 8-32 8-32 8-31 8-31 8-32 8-30 8-30 8-30 8-29 8-24 8-19 8-16 8-12 8-10 7-99 8-32 8-32 8-32 8-32 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-30 8-27 8-20 8-i8 8-17 8-i6 8-08 8-00 8-33 8-33 8-33 8-33 8-32 8-32 8-31 8-30 8-26 8-25 8-25 8-18 8-13 8-12 8-05 7-95 7-91 7-89 8-31 8-30 8-30 8-30 8-30 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 16 16 o., cc. p. 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 18 18 18 18 iS 17 17 17 17 17 3-24 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear Depth (metres) N50V N70V NiooB 4-72 4-96 4-42 3-66? 4-26 4-65 4-61 3-46 4-91 4-S0 4-99 N50 V N70V NiooB N70B NiooB N50V N70V N50V N70 V 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 123-0 TIME 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-475 1000-780 153-0 1 1 0-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 From 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 1719 1926 To 1850 1947 Remarks 2212 KT 0057 0347 0445 0045 0117 0407 KT KT 0950 0728 1 145 69 440-449 R.R.S* Discovery 11 Station 440 font. 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 Position 30° 13*' S, 32° 48'' E to 30° 251' S, 32° 48' E 31° 24' S, 31° 12' E 32° 33' S, 29° 03I' E 34° 33*' S, 23° 24' E 34° 22' S, 18° 20' E 34°03rS, i8°ooi'E 36° 14' S, i6°09f'E 37° 221' s, 16° osi' E 39° 03' S, 16° I if E 42° 30i' S, 15° 141' E Date 1930 21 ix Hour 1915 22 IX 22 ix 23 ix 24 ix 25 ix 9x 10 X 10 X II-I2 X 0430 [830 2200 2100 0630 2100 0500 2210 0149 Sounding (metres) I5H' 106* 152' 212' 4300 WIND Direction SW ,- s SE X S SE ■: E ESE ESE NWxN W X S W X N SW w c o 24 20 15 30 19 SEA Direction SW ESE ESE conf. W X S W SW w Weather b.c. b. o.d. o. d. q. b. c. o. t-. •-' a p 1022-6 1024-5 1026-4 IO27-I 1020-3 1015-3 1003-6 998-5 1004-7 1007-3 1006-7 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb lS-2 17-0 16-7 16-5 15-2 15-0 15-0 14-5 12-0 7-5 7-5 Wet bulb 14-6 12-8 13-3 13-7 13-5 13-3 15-0 14-2 Remarks mod. SW swell 5-0 5-0 mod.SWswell heavy SW swell mod. SSW swell mod. ESE swell slight SE swell mod. conf. E swell mod. conf. swell mod. SW swell mod. conf. SW swell mod. W swell 70 R.R.S. Discovery II 440-449 c o o „ s ^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station p o TIME Remarks -a < Depth metres) Temp. °C. s 7oo at PH ^2^5 mgm. p.m.' 0, CC. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 440 28 50 19-23 35-46 25-31 8-30 17 TYFH 950-1050 1315 1515 DGB CO lit. (-0) 60 19-21 35-46 25-32 8-30 17 4-99 TYFB 750-150 1720 1S20 80 19-01 35-46 25-37 8-30 19 — 55 I 000-0 1720 1905 DGB 100 18-71 35-49 25-47 8-27 22 4-55 15° 18-04 35-53 25-67 8-26 200 17-40 35-53 25-83 8-24 3-81 300 15-63 35-51 26-24 8-18 400 14-72 35-4° 26-35 8-13 — 4-47 600 11-84 35-17 26-76 8-12 — 4-75 800 9-46 34-85 26-94 8-06 -- 4-63 1000 7-67 34-63 27-05 8-01 1500 4-07 34-60 27-48 7-91 — 3-73 2000 1-96? 34-82 27-85 7-92 — 3-80 441 29 19-15 35-52 25-38 — — — N70B NiooB - 180-0 0440 0500 442 20-30 35-45 25-02 — — — N70B NiooB 164-0 1 841 1901 KT 443 I 17-62 35-44 25-70 — — — N70B N 100 B 1 49-0 2212 2230 KT 444 ■J 14-40 35-25 26-31 — — — N70B N 100 B j- 80^ 2III 2132 KT 445 3 14-20 35-34 26-42 — — — TYFV 150-0 0638 0640 446 17 15-35 35-28 26-12 — — — N70B N 100 B - 106-0 2II9 2140 KT 447 18 16-12 35-52 26-12 — — — N70B N 100 B 1 182-0 0527 0546 KT. - - I hour G.M.T. 448 18 14-35 34-85 26-01 — — — N70B N 100 B • I6I-0 2III 2131 KT 449 •9 9-45 34-39 26-58 8-19 50 6-03 N70B - 150-0 2140 2200 KT 10 9-51 34-40 26-58 8-20 50 — N 100 B 20 8-96 34-38 26-66 8-17 5° 6-45 N50V 1 00-0 2217 30 8-85 34-39 26-68 8-17 50 — N70 V 50-0 40 8-83 34-36 26-66 8-17 51 6-43 100-50 50 8-86 34-36 26-66 8-17 51 — 250-100 60 8-90 34-39 26-67 8-i8 51 — 500-250 80 9-04 34-42 26-67 8-18 5' — 750-500 100 9-01 34-43 26-69 8-18 51 6-04 1000-750 — 0055 150 8-46 34-36 26-72 8-16 51 200 8-37 34-36 26-73 8-16 51 5-23 300 7-73 34-38 26-84 8-10 65 400 6-14 34-36 27-04 8-08 75 4-91 600 4-04 34-24 27-20 8-08 92 5-04 800 3-31 34-33 27-34 8-08 139 4-95 1000 3-03 34-40 27-42 7-97 142 1500 2-72 34-66 27-66 8-00 142 3-84 2000 2-62 34-81 27-79 8-21 III 2500 2-42 34-81 27-80 8-26 103 4-24 3000 2-19 34-86 27-86 8-i6 106 3500 1-63 34-82 27-88 8-26 113 3-96 4000 1-23 34-78 27-87 8-28 112 3-99 71 450-452 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 450 451 452 Position 44° 571' S, 12° 57r E to 44° 56*' S, 12° 54' E 47° 191' S, 11° 05' E 49° 50' S, 08° 32i' E Date 1930 12-13 X 13-14 X 14 X Hour 2255 0325 2055 0015 1930 2344 Sounding (metres) 4336 br.Cl.Di. WIND Direction SEA 3420 h. 4568 St.br.di.Oz WSW W W X N W X S N NE c 20 15 14 Direction WSW W X S W X N W X N N NE Weather b. b. c. 1016-9 1016-5 b. 1013-4 1014-7 1009-0 1007-0 Air Temp. "^ C. Dry bulb 7-5 7-5 4-8 4-0 4-1 2-0 Wet bulb 6-0 6-0 Remarks mod. SW swell 3-6 3-5 3-0 mod. W swell heavy W x N swell 72 R.R.S. Discovery II 450-452 Station at < 450 451 452 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) O 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 so 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 Temp. 11-33 u-33 "■33 11-33 11-33 11-33 11-34 11-34 11-34 11-34 11-29 ii-i8 9-42 4-97 3-33 2-83 2-6i 2-55 2-31 1-97 1-39 0-96 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-i6 5-17 5-26 5-45 5-62 5-65 5-05 4-77 3-77 3-40 2-53 2-51 2-46 2-44 2-26 1-75 1-20 1-94 1-89 1-88 1-88 1-88 i-8i i-8i I -80 171 171 2-OI 2-1 I 2'20 2-31 2-29 2-29 2-09 1-57 s 7.0 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-96 34-94 34-68 34-27 34-23 34-31 34-61 34-70 34-79 34-76 34-76 34-73 33-86 33-87 33-88 33-88 33-89 33-92 33-92 33-96 34-01 34-01 34-19 34-19 34-20 34-32 34-40 34-47 34-70 34-76 34-72 33-79 33-78 33-79 33-78 33-78 33-78 33-78 33-78 33-78 33-83 34-13 34-31 34-40 34-50 34-61 34-66 34-68 34-75 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-70 26-71 26-71 26-81 27-12 27-26 27-37 27-63 27-71 27-80 27-80 27-85 27-85 26-78 26-78 26-79 26-79 26-80 26-81 26-79 26-80 26-83 26-90 27-08 27-19 27-23 27-40 27-47 27-53 27-72 27-78 27-79 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-03 27-04 27-08 27-30 27-43 27-50 27-57 27-66 27-70 27-73 27-83 PH 8-18 8-i8 8-i8 8-19 8-18 8-18 8-i8 8-iS 8-19 8-19 8-18 8-18 8-08 8-07 8-12 8-06 7-99 8-11 8-i8 8-19 8-10 8-21 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-12 8-13 8-11 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-09 8-04 7-99 7-97 7-96 7-93 7-99 8-03 8-02 8-05 8-04 8-09 8-07 8-08 8-08 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-06 8-06 8-05 7-98 7-93 7-90 S-03 7-93 7-99 8-01 8-03 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ 59 54 54 53 53 53 53 52 51 51 51 51 74 109 117 127 137 127 117 115 "5 120 91 90 90 89 89 89 87 82 89 92 100 107 119 122 128 137 129 119 118 122 79 82 82 82 93 95 95 95 93 93 96 102 99 lOI III 112 106 106 O.. cc. p. I. 5-91 5-86 5-73 5-94 5-91 5-92 4-83 5-48 3-96 3-86 4-40 4-32 4-15 7-03 6-96 6-94 6-83 6-72 5-99 4-40 4-93 4-28 3-88 4-14 4-52 7-45 7-64 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 7-69 5-98 4-46 3-97 4-17 N70B N 100 B N50 V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V Depth (metres) N50V N70V N70B NiooB j- 150-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-740 u 70-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 TIME From To 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 I 91-0 2246 2316 2042 2II3 2306 0126 2102 2314 1938 2325 Remarks KT KT 2227 2345 KT 73 452-460 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 452 cont. 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 Position Date 49° 50' S, 08° 32*' E 54° 05i' S, 03° 57I' E to 54° 07' S, 04° 03' E 53° 42' S, 04° 42' E 53° 55i' S, 04%7' E I mile E of Bouvet I 7 cables S of Bouvet I 7 miles S 50° W of C Circumcision, Bouvet I 55° OQi' S, 02° 00' E 56°46'S,oo°4if'W 1930 14 X 16-17 X 17 X 19 X 19 X I9X 20-21 Hour 0015 2135 0320 1301 1008 1300 1400 2100 2040 214s 0100 Sounding (metres) 1807 1800* 1306* 40' 40' 357* 377* 3242' 3800 WIND Direction WNW SW X W WNW NE SWx W WSW WNW NWxN 16 24 17 SEA Direction WNW SWx W w SWx W WSW WNW NWxN Weather b.: b.c. b. o. :. f. e. o. s. p. OS 999-4 1003-0 1008-7 1 006- 1 1001-5 1008-3 1008-8 1009-2 1013-6 1012-4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 2-5 0-5 - 1-4 -1-5 4-0 4-0 Wet bulb — 1-2 2-9 37 - 1-8 2-6 -4-0 4-0 Remarks heavy WNW swell mod . W swell mod. SW swell mod. W swell slight W swell slight SW swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. W swell slight W swell 74 R.R.S. Discovery II 452-460 Station 6 >, 462 cont. 453 24 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 25 26 26 27 27 28 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 2500 3000 3500 4000 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 o 33 o 300 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 15° 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Temp. I-IO 0-76 o-6o 0-54 I -60 I -60 I -60 1-58 1-55 1-55 1-57 I -60 1-64 1-30 0-48 1-19 1-30 1-48 1-26 I -00 0-52 1-38 1-59 1-30 i-io i-i6 0-90 1-38 1-29 1-51 I -60 I -60 I -60 I -60 I -60 1-59 1-40 0-50 1-39 1-50 i-6i 1-55 1-23 0-95 0-51 0-31 o-o8 o-io -0-23 S7. 3476 3475 3473 3472 34-07 34-09 34-09 34-09 34-11 34-11 34-11 34-11 34-18 34-25 34-51 34-63 34-68 34-76 34-75 34-75 34-73 34-04 06 34- 34-07 34-13 34-13 34-56 34-05 34-08 34-07 34-07 34-06 34-07 34-08 34-08 34-09 34-09 34-58 34-67 34-69 34-69 3469 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-68 34-67 27-87 27-88 27-87 27-87 27-44 27-45 27-45 27-45 27-47 27-47 27-47 27-47 27-53 27-58 27-70 27-76 27-79 27-84 27-85 27-87 27-88 27-40 27-43 27-43 27-47 27-47 27-72 27-41 27-44 27-43 27-44 27-43 27-44 27-44 27-44 27-45 27-45 27-70 27-77 27-77 27-78 27-80 27-81 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-87 27-87 pH 8-07 8-07 8-03 8-04 7-98 7-97 7-97 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-92 7-87 7-84 7-90 7-99 8-01 8-01 7-98 7-95 7-95 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-95 7-94 7-90 7-88 7-87 7-90 7-96 8-01 7-96 8-05 8-05 8-07 8-01 8-16 P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 103 103 97 102 95 95 97 98 98 97 97 106 106 no no 117 108 108 108 "5 117 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 17 17 19 19 19 21 27 26 23 21 23 20 Oo c. p. 1. 4-21 4-44 5-39 7-28 6-85 7-73 7-09 7-49 4-90 4-43 4-02 4-39 4-43 7-36 7-44 7-37 7-35 6-39 4-32 3-78 4-19 4-32 4-23 4-83 4-81 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N50 V N70V N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N70B NiooB DLH BNR DLH N70B NiooB NiooB N70B N50 V N70 V Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50^ 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-470 1000-770 165-0 192-0 1 1 6-0 40-45 40-41 357^377 183^ 155-0 174-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 TIME From To 2040 2353 2147 0327 1307 ion 1353 2110 2049 2122 2146 2341 0014 2203 0347 1403 2130 2109 2142 Remarks KT KT KT. G.M.T. 0026 KT KT KT 75 461 A -46 ID R.R.S. Discovery II Station 461 A 461 B Position 56° 44' S, 02° 23-1' W 56° 44' S, 02° 23' W 461 C 461 D 56° 44' S, 02° 22' w 56° 41' S, 02° 24' W Date 1930 21 X 21 X Hour 1405 1805 21-22 X Sounding (metres) 2205 WIND Direction NNW NNW t- o o c 15 14 SEA Direction NNW NNW ssw 15 sw conf. sw Weather a C 1005-0 o. p. s. Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 1004-2 1005-0 — 2-2 Wet bulb 2-6 Remarks mod. N swell 1005-8 2-8 mod. N swell mod. conf. NW swell 4-0 4-0 slight W swell 76 R.R.S. Discovery II 461 A-461D Station O T3 SO < 461 A 461 B 461 C 461 D HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) O 10 20 3° 4° 50 60 80 100 125 150 175 200 300 400 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 o ID 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 15° 200 230 300 400 Temp. 1-72 172 172 172 172 173 174 177 ■7 I-7I 1-30 I -08 0-89 0-38 0-84 o-8o 1-83 1-83 1-83 1-82 i-8i I -So I -80 I -80 170 1-38 o-8o 0-42 0-82 0-75 i-8o I -So i-8o I -So I -80 I -So I -80 I -80 1-68 i-i8 0-50 0-40 079 o-8o 172 172 172 172 174 175 1-75 173 I '60 1-22 -0-82 - 0-O2 079 0-82 S7,: 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-15 34-4° 34-42 34-46 34-60 34-66 34-69 34-11 34-12 34-12 34-14 34-15 34-16 34-17 34-18 34-22 34-40 34-48 34-61 34-66 34-67 34-16 34-17 34-17 34-17 34-18 34-19 34-20 34-20 34-22 34-43 34-51 34-60 34-66 34-69 34-15 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-30 34-43 34-47 34-54 34-65 34-67 at 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-51 27-69 27-70 27-73 27-78 27-80 27-83 27-48 27-48 27-48 27-50 27-51 27-52 27-52 27-53 27-56 27-70 27-74 27-79 27-81 27-82 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-53 27-54 27-55 27-55 27-56 27-71 27-75 27-78 27-81 27-83 27-51 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-52 27-62 27-72 27-74 27-76 27-80 27-81 pH P2O5 mym. p.m.' 104 104 104 104 109 110 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 O., c.p. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear Depth (metres) N 100 B N50 V N70V NiooB N50 N 70 NiooB N50V N70 V NiooB N50 N 70 80-0 170-80 270-170 385-270 510-385 650-510 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 75-0 160-75 255-160 345-255 440-345 520-440 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 95-<5 200-95 310-200 420-310 535-420 660-535 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 85-0 180-85 280-180 385-280 490-385 600-490 lOO-O 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 TIME From To 1434 1603 1956 2236 2344 0237 0355 1454 1455 1455^ 1456 1456I 1457 1741 1848 1849 i849i 1850 i85oi 1851 Remarks 2127 2256 2257 2257 ^r 2258 2258J 2259 0130 0257 0258 0258, 0259 0259. 0300 0516 DGP, KT DGP, KT DGP, KT DGP, KT 77 461 E-463 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 461 E 461 F 461 G 462 463 Position 56° 41' S, 02° 24' W 56° 44' S, 02° 22' W 56°44j'S, 02°2ii'Wto s6°44j'S,02°2i'W 56° 01' S, 07° 28' W 55° 42' S, 10° 54' W Date 1930 22 X 22 X Hour 0605 1005 I40I 1535 1825 Sounding (metres) 23 X 24: 2130 2105 0000 3751' 3712' 4186' WIND Direction S X E SE NE X E NExE ENE o c 15 14 12 18 21 ssw SWx W WNW 78 20 15 16 SEA Direction S x E SE NExE NE x E ENE t, SSW WNW Weather . p.S. o. o. o. p. s. o. 5:2 ao 1005-6 1003-0 999-2 998-4 995-6 973-5 1005-9 1002-8 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 4-5 0-5 1-5 2-0 2-3 Wet bulb 4-8 1-8 -1-5 — 2-0 -2-5 2-5 7-0 6-6 2-2 7-5 6-9 Remarks slight conf. swell slight conf. swell slight NE swell no swell mod. NNE swell In lee of pack-ice R.R.S. Discovery II 461E-463 Station c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS p,o^ TIME Remarks 0) tX) < Depth (metres) Temp. s 7„o ot pH * 2N-'5 nigni. p.m.' cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 461 E O - I -So 34-17 27-52 NiooB 75-0 0629 0649 10 - I -So 34-17 27-52 — — — )) 160-75 0650 20 - I -So 34-17 27-52 — — — »» 245-160 0650 i DGP, KT 1 30 - I -So 34-17 27-52 — — — >» 330-245 0651 40 - 1 -80 34-17 27-52 — — — )» 420-330 065 1 2 50 - i-8o 34-17 27-52 — — — 1) 515-420 0652 60 - I -So 34-18 27-53 — — — N50V 1 00-0 0725 80 - I -So 34-20 27-55 — — — N70V 50-0 100 - 1-71 34-24 27-58 — — — ,, 100-50 150 - 1-29 34-43 2772 — — — »> 250-100 200 -0-57 34-51 2776 — — — n 500-250 220 — 0-20 34-56 27-78 — — — ,, 750-500 — 0842 300 400 o-8o 34-68 34-69 34-14 27-82 461 F o-8o - 1-72 27-83 27-50 NiooB 80-0 1025 1046 Hour 1150-1350 Depth CCS. of N/io uranyl oxalate 10 -1-76 34-i6 27-51 — — — )) 175-80 1047 decomposed 20 30 -1-79 - I -So 34-17 34-17 27-52 27-52 — — 51 270-175 375-270 10472 1048 DGP, KT per hour 2-60 40 - I -So 34-17 27-52 — — — ,. 490-375 1048! I 1-43 50 - I -So 34-17 27-52 — — — ,, 615-490 1049 J 5 1-20 60 - I -So 34-18 27-53 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1130 10 I -00 80 -1-79 34-18 27-53 — — — N70V 50-0 15 0-76 100 — i-6o 34-28 27-61 — — — »» 100-50 20 0-65 150 — I -00 34-46 27-73 — — — y, 250-100 25 0-55 200 0-12 34-59 27-79 — — — »> 500-250 30 0-48 300 0-79 34-68 27-82 — — — )) 750-500 — 1315 35 1 0-34 461 G I 400 o-8o -1-74 34-69 34-17 27-83 27-52 7-94 104 6-40 NiooB 95-0 1429 1449 40 0-25 10 -1-74 34-17 27-52 7-93 104 — )» 205-95 ,, 1450 20 -1-76 34-18 27-53 7-94 107 7-22 >1 315-205 (-0) " i456i 30 - I -80 34-18 27-53 7-94 107 ' ' yy 435-315 (-95) " 1457 . DGP, ] KT 40 - I -80 34-18 27-53 7-94 107 7-35 " 560-435 (-205) " 1457* 50 - i-8o 34-18 27-53 7-94 109 ~ n 700-560 (-315) n 1458 ^ 60 - I -80 34-18 27-53 7-94 109 7-25 N50V 1 00-0 1540 80 - I -80 34-18 27-53 7-94 109 — N70 V 50-0 100 - I -80 34-19 27-54 7-94 109 6-89 100-50 150 - 172 34-19 27-54 7-92 109 — 250-100 175 - 1-05 34-47 27-75 7-89 109 — 500-250 200 -o-i8 34-54 27-76 7-88 109 4-76 750-500 300 0-86 34-69 27-83 7-85 109 — 1000-750 — 1736 400 o-8o 34-70 27-84 7-89 109 4-55 600 0-53 34-70 27-85 7-93 109 4-56 800 0-43 34-69 27-85 7-92 115 4-46 1000 0-40 34-68 27-85 7-92 123 1500 0-15 34-67 27-85 7-98 127 4-62 2000 — 0-04 34-67 27-86 8-01 124 2500 - 0-21 34-67 27-87 7-99 117 5-03 3000 -0-27 34-67 27-87 8-02 116 3500 -0-35 34-67 27-88 8-00 113 5-12 462 2 -1-55 33-87 27-27 — ■ ■ N70B N 100 B NiooB 1 90-0 350-90 2159 2159 2219 2222 KT DGP 463 3 - I -So 33-89 27-30 7-97 — 8-03 N70B 1 132-0 2042 2102 KT. + I hour G.M.T. 10 -1-75 33-86 27-27 7-98 N 100 B ■ 79 463-470 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 463 cont. 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 Position 55° 42' S, 10^54' W 56°o3'S, i2°i8'W 55°49'S, i4°02i'W 55°35'S, i6°3irw S4°39i'S, i9°o5A'Wto 54° 4or S, 18° 58' W 54°48'S,2o°4ii'W 54°07i'S, 22°oi|'W 54° 42J' S, 26° 36f' W Date 1930 24 X 26 X 26 X 27 X 28-29 X 29 X 29 X 30 X Hou 1030 2055 2046 2103 0205 1 130 213s 2107 Sounding (metres) 4928* 4793' WIND Direction w w ssw wsw SW X W NWxW NNW o c 28 24 15 16 SEA Direction W WSW SWx W NNW 2-3 Weather o.q. o. p. s. o. s. 985-0 981-1 989-4 1008- 1 IOO9-I loi 1-9 I0II-6 989-3 Air Temp. * C. Dry bulb 2-3 6-8 5-2 4-8 0-2 0-5 -i-s Wet bulb Remarks 7-4 -6-0 5'0 0-5 1-6 In open lead in close pack-ice slight WNW swell. In lee of pack-ice In pack-ice slight conf. W swell slight W swell mod. W swell slight NW swell heavy NNW swell 80 R.R.S. Discovery II 463-470 Station c o o ,-^ !4- « HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p,o= TIME O T3 4) ^^ 00 < Depth (metres) Temp. S 7,:,o at pH m.taTi. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 463 3 20 - 172 33-86 27-27 7-97 8-05 N50V 1 00-0 2114 Nitrite N, mgm./m.^ Nitrate + COIlt. 30 - 172 33-86 27-27 7-98 — — N70V 50-0 Depth Nitrite N3 40 50 -172 - 172 33-86 33-86 27-27 27-27 7-98 7-97 — 8-O0 ;; 100-50 250-100 mpcm/m.' 9-1 9-5 8-9 8-9 840 640 440 440 60 -172 33-86 27-27 7-98 — 7-98 .. 500-250 10 80 100 -172 -172 33-86 33-86 33-89 27-27 27-27 7-98 7-97 — 7-97 n 750-500 1000-750 — 2325 20 40 150 - 1-42 27-29 7-92 60 8-9 640 200 0-32 34-13 27-41 7-88 — 5-74 80 8-3 640 300 171 34-51 27-62 7-84 100 8-3 840 400 1-82 34-61 27-69 7-84 — 4-09 150 200 6-2 840 840 600 1-87 34-65 27-72 7-90 — 3-98 0-0 800 179 34-70 27-77 7-97 — 3-72 400 0-0 840 1000 1-66 34-70 27-78 7-96 600 0-0 740 1500 i-iS 34-69 27-81 8-01 — 3-62 1000 0-0 740 2000 0-63 34-69 27-84 8-02 2000 o-o 540 2500 0-37 34-67 27-84 8-04 — 3-70 3500 0-0 540 3000 3500 0-14 — o-o6 34-67 34-66 27-85 27-85 8-05 8-05 — 4-84 464 5 - 1-75 33-79 27-21 — — — N70H NiooH } 67 (^) 1028 1048 KT 465 s - 1-68 33-84 27-25 — — — N70B N 100 B - 1 1 3-0 2059 2117 KT 466 6 - I -60 33-78 27-20 — — — N70B N 100 B [ 79-0 2053 2113 KT 467 7 10 - 1-07 - 1-07 33-84 33-84 27-24 27-24 7-98 7-98 112 113 7-97 N70B N 100 B 1 143-0 2039 2059 KT 20 - 1-07 33-84 27-24 7-98 1 12 7-94 N50 V 1 00-0 2108 30 -1-07 33-84 27-24 7-97 112 — N70V 50-0 40 -1-05 33-84 27-24 7-97 112 7-97 „ 100-50 50 - 1-07 33-85 27-24 7-96 112 — 11 250-100 60 -1-13 33-84 27-24 7-95 112 7-92 11 500-250 80 — i-oi 33-85 27-24 7-96 112 — ,, 770-470 100 - I -00 33-87 27-26 7-96 112 6-49 „ 1000-750 — 2337 150 — 0-62 33-95 27-31 7-95 119 200 -0-13 34-09 27-40 7-92 123 7-23 300 1-30 34-36 27-53 7-82 138 400 I -So 34-60 27-69 7-82 138 4-19 600 1-96 34-64 27-71 7-85 138 800 1-88 34-67 27-74 7-87 133 3-89 1000 i-'j6 34-70 27-77 7-93 133 1500 1-34 34-72 27-82 7-94 133 4-26 2000 0-84 34-72 27-85 7-94 133 2500 0-64 34-69 27-84 7-98 140 4-46 3000 0-34 34-67 27-84 7-98 138 3500 0-15 34-67 27-85 7-98 138 4-60 4000 ~ 0-05 34-67 27-86 8-05 138 4500 — 0-2O 34-65 27-85 8-04 138 468 ■8 — I -20 33-79 27-20 — TYFV 1 00-0 200-0 300-0 1230 1210 1133 1236 I22I II53 469 8 -1-05 33-87 27-26 — — — N70B 1 151-0 2141 2201 KT N 100 B 470 9 - I -08 33-69 27-11 — — — N70B NiooB 1 91-0 2118 2138 KT. + 2 hours G.M.T. 81 471-477 R.R.S. Discovery II Starion 471 Position 472 473 474 475 476 477 South Sandwich Deep, 54°57'S,27°S9i'W Date 1930 I xi Hour 1200 1600 2350 53° 23' S, 30° 291' w 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia I mile W of Shag Rocks, South Georgia 53°3oi'S,42°44i'W Sounding (metres) I XI 3x1 12 XI I mile N of Shag Rocks, South Georgia 53° 3sr S, 41° 25f' W 1530 1325 1645 12x1 2129 13x1 0015 WIND Direction 199* 748* 165 144' SE S X E S X E u O c SEA Direction 15 15 20 SSW SE S X W SE S X E S X E Weather o. o. p. S. OS a p 981-6 9797 976-9 16 19 20 S X W S X W SSW SE 2-3 S X W 14 17 S X W S X W o. 1. s. c.q. Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 2-6 2-8 o. p. s. c. p. s. 977-7 990-9 997-0 999-2 Wet bulb -2-3 -3-2 -3-0 1000-2 1000-5 Remarks heavy NE swell mod. NE swell - 17 — 2-0 -1-9 — 2-1 — I-I - 1-4 -°-5 -0-5 - 1-7 — 2-2 - 1-5 - 1-9 mod. conf. swell mod. SE swell mod. to heavy S swell mod. S X W s^\■ell mod. S swell mod. SSE swell 82 R.R.S. Discovery II 471-477 Station d o < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S '-■■/,:,:, at pH P.O5 mgm. p.m.' 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 471 10 - 1-62 34-04 27-41 7-96 121 7-82 N50V 1 00-0 1750 10 — 1-62 34-03 27-41 7-96 123 — N70V 50-0 20 - 1-62 34-04 27-41 7-96 122 7-78 100-50 30 - 1-62 34-04 27-41 7-96 121 — 250-100 40 - 1-62 34-04 27-41 7-96 122 7-73 500-250 5° - 1-66 34-04 27-41 7-95 123 — 750-550 60 — 1-69 34-04 27-41 7-95 123 7-68 1000-750 — 1937 80 - 1-77 34-04 27-42 7-95 123 — N70B )■ 168^ 2356 0016 KT 100 -1-77 34-07 27-44 7-95 123 7-59 N 100 B J 150 -0-78 34-25 27-56 7-90 131 200 0-13 34-47 27-69 7-87 135 5-28 300 0-87 34-63 27-78 7-86 135 400 1-02 34-67 27-80 7-87 135 4-59 600 0-99 34-69 27-82 7-88 135 4-54 800 0-79 34-69 27-83 7-88 137 4-44 1000 o-6c; 34-69 27-84 8-00 136 1500 0-38 34-67 27-84 7-99 142 4-45 2000 019 34-67 27-85 7-98 141 250c — 0-04 34-66 27-85 8-00 140 4-91 3000 — 0-19 34-66 27-86 8-03 137 3500 — 0-2Q 34-66 27-87 8-11 136 4-94 4000 -0-37 34-66 27-87 8-11 139 4500 -0-38 34-66 27-87 8-07 142 5-II 5000 -0-36 34-66 27-87 8-05 139 5500 — 0-29 34-66 27-87 8-24 129 4-94 6000 -0-27 34-66 27-87 8-23 135 6350 — 0-22 34-66 27-86 8-22 126 6500 — 0-19 34-66 27-86 8-19 126 7250 — o-io 34-66 27-86 8-22 125 4-38 472 II — 1-22 33-98 27-35 — — — N70B NiooB - III-O 2030 2050 KT 473 13 - 0-45 33-84 27-21 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1534 1548 Two hauls. + 3 hours G.M.T. 474 22 120 — O-OI -0-18 34-02 34-05 27-34 27-37 — — DLH 199 1333 1339 + 2 hours G.M.T. 475 22 o-oo 34-03 27-34 7-98 109 7-54 N50V 1 00-0 1653 10 0-00 34-03 27-34 7-98 IIO — N70V 50-0 20 o-oo 34-03 27-34 7-99 1 10 7-68 n 100-50 30 — o-oi 34-03 27-34 7-99 IIO — )) 250-100 40 — O-OI 34-03 27-34 8-00 103 7-23 It 500-250 50 - O-OI 34-03 27-34 8-00 104 — ,. 700-500 — 1825 60 — 0-03 34-03 27-35 8-01 104 7-70 N70B \ 165-0 1835 1855 KT 80 — O-IO 34-03 27-35 8-01 105 — N 100 B ) ^ 100 0-09 34-07 27-37 8-00 109 7-03 150 0-41 34-16 27-43 7-96 130 200 I -00 34-28 27-49 7-93 135 5-68 300 1-42 34-39 27-55 7-89 139 400 1-79 34-46 27-58 7-89 148 5-60 600 2-03 34-57 27-64 7-89 159 4-03 700 2-02 34-61 27-68 7-89 144 476 22 0-05 34-04 27-35 — — — N70B NiooB I 165-0 2138 2200 KT. N 100 touched bottom 477 22 0-00 34-02 27-34 7-98 104 — N50V 1 00-0 0029 N 50 not fishing properly 10 ~ 0-02 34-02 27-34 7-98 104 — N70V 50-0 20 — 0-05 34-02 27-34 7-99 109 — ,, 100-50 — 0055 30 — 0-05 34-02 27-34 7-99 lOI ~ N70B 132^ 0134 0153 KT 83 477—480 R.R.S. Discovery II Station Position 477 COllt. 53°35VS,4i°25f'W 478 53° 381' S, 40° 53' W 479 480 53°38rS,4o°2irW 53°40i'S,39°54'W Date 1930 13x1 13x1 Hour 0416 0700 13x1 13x1 Sounding (metres) 0851 1054 1600 2136* WIND Direction ssw ssw 2423' 254' c 15 12 SEA Direction SSW ssw sw sw sw 10 sw sw sw Weather 84 u ■ — a p 1000-8 c. 1001-4 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 1001-3 1000-8 looo-i 2-0 0-8 Wet bulb 2-2 0-8 075 0-6 Remarks mod. ssw swell slight S swell i-S 0-5 0-8 mod. conf. SW swell mod. SWswell mod. conf. swell R.R.S. Discovery II 477-480 Station c ,-^ o-a M < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. S7co at pH P.O5 mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 477 22 40 — 0-05 34-02 27-34 8-00 102 NiooB 132-0 0134 0153 KT cont. so 60 80 100 125 - 0-05 -0-05 — o-io O-II 0-30 34-02 34-02 34-04 34-11 34-14 27-34 27-34 27-36 27-40 27-42 8-01 8-01 8-00 7-97 7-96 lOI lOI lOI 103 108 478 '>2 0-20 33-93 27-25 8-01 lOI 7-56 N50V 1 00-0 0433 10 0-20 33-93 27-25 8-01 lOI — N70V 50-0 20 0-20 33-93 27-25 8-01 lOI 7-58 100-50 30 O-20 33-93 27-25 8-01 lOI — 250-100 40 0-20 33-93 27-25 8-01 lOI 7-56 500-250 50 0-20 33-94 27-26 8-01 102 — 750-500 60 0-23 33-97 27-28 8-00 lOI 7-31 1000-750 — 0630 80 100 0-40 0-40 34-02 34-04 27-31 27-33 7-97 7-97 103 106 6-86 N70B NiooB • 200-0 0638 0658 KT 150 0-40 34-os 27-34 7-96 106 200 o-6o 34-14 27-40 7-96 107 5-25 300 1-52 34-32 27-48 7-89 116 400 I -So 34-42 27-54 7-91 108 4-78 600 2-12 34-58 27-64 7-97 116 3-80 800 2-09 34-6S 2771 7-96 116 3-74 1000 2-00 34-69 27-75 7-99 116 1500 i-6i 34-72 27-80 8-01 109 4-00 2000 1-40 34-71 27-81 8-01 113 4-07 479 22 — 0-62 33-91 27-28 7-99 86 — N50V 1 00-0 0858 10 -0-66 33-91 27-28 8-00 90 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-68 33-91 27-28 8-00 93 — 100-50 30 -0-68 33-91 27-28 7-99 94 — 250-100 40 — 0-69 33-91 27-28 8-00 96 — 500-250 50 — 070 33-91 27-28 8-00 lOI — 750-500 60 — 070 33-91 27-28 8-00 102 — 1000-750 — 1050 80 -072 33-96 27-32 7-98 102 — N70B \ I 00-0 1116 I136 KT 100 - o-8i 33-96 27-32 7-93 102 — NiooB J 150 - 0-50 34-12 27-44 7-90 113 — N 100 B 320-100 1116 1 1 50 DGP 200 0-52 34-18 27-44 7-88 114 300 I'SS 34-38 27-53 7-85 119 400 1 78 34-39 27-52 7-89 120 600 2-1 I 34-60 27-66 7-90 129 800 2-o6 34-65 27-71 7-90 129 1000 I-9S 34-67 27-73 7-90 142 1500 I-S4 34-72 27-80 7-94 122 2000 i-i6 34-71 27-82 7-96 112 480 23 -0-58 33-88 27-25 8-03 106 7-95 NsoV 1 00-0 1608 10 -0-68 33-89 27-26 8-02 100 — N70V 50-0 20 — 0-69 33-89 27-26 8-03 99 8-o6 100-50 30 -071 33-90 27-27 8-03 99 — 250-100 40 -077 33-90 27-27 8-03 99 8-08 500-250 SO -077 33-91 27-28 8-02 99 — 750-500 60 -0-79 33-95 27-31 8-02 99 8-00 1000-750 — 1805 80 -o-8o 33-96 27-32 8-02 100 — N70B 1 I6I-0 1827 1849 KT 100 - I-I9 33-99 27-36 7-99 106 7-64 NiooB 125 — 0-46 34-06 27-39 7-97 — N 100 B 440-161 1827 1859 DGP ISO 0-69 34-13 27-39 7-96 122 200 072 34-26 27-49 7-92 129 5-53 300 171 34-44 27-57 7-87 127 400 1-99 34-58 27-66 7-86 119 4-07 600 1-99 34-62 27-69 7-96 124 3-89 800 1-88 34-68 27-75 7-97 124 3-86 1000 179 34-72 27-78 7-97 119 85 480-484 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 480 corit. 481 Position 53° 40'' S, 39° 54' W 53°44l'S,39°29i'W 482 483 484 53°46rS,39°o4rW 53° 54^ S, 38° 25i' W 53° 52^' S, 37° 05i' W Date 1930 13 xi 13-14 xi Hour 2043 2342 Sounding (metres) 14x1 14 XI 16 xi 0500 0903 1308 0730 WIND Direction 2507 1664* 177' 185^ ssw ssw S X W S X W S X w wsw SEA C O Direction 26 25- 27 30 SSW ssw S X W S X W S X W WSW o-i Weather o. o. q. b. 1000-8 1001-4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 0-8 o-i 1002-8 1005-7 1007-7 1005-8 Wet bulb Remarks 1-4 0-3 slight conf. swell slight conf. S swell 0-8 5-0 0-8 1-3 — i-o 2-0 mod. SSW swell mod. S swell heavy conf. S X W swell mod. WSW swell 86 R.R.S. Discovery 11 480-484 Station c o o -~, o ~0 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P,Os TIME be < Depth (metres) Temp. S7„o ot pH mgm. p.m.' 0, cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 480 23 1500 1-33 34-72 27-82 8-00 110 4-n cont. 2000 1-09 34-71 27-83 8-01 114 4-25 481 23 - 0-50 33-92 27-28 8-03 90 — N50V 1 00-0 2055 10 -0-55 33-96 27-31 8-03 90 — N70V 50-0 20 — o-6o 33-96 27-31 8-02 90 — >» 100-50 30 — o-6i 34-00 27-35 8-03 90 — jy 250-100 40 - o-6i 34-00 27-35 8-03 90 — n 500-250 SO - 0-62 34-00 27-35 8-03 91 — a 750-500 60 ~ 0-64 34-00 27-35 8-02 91 — »» 1000-750 — 2234 80 100 -0-68 -o-8o 34-00 34-00 27-35 27-35 8-02 7-98 91 94 — N70B N 100 B 1 139-0 0000 0020 KT 150 - 0-09 34-16 27-45 7-95 116 — N 100 B 375-140 0000 0030 DGP 200 0-70 34-25 27-48 7-89 116 300 i-8i 34-47 27-58 7-85 no 400 1-92 34-55 27-64 7-84 123 600 1-99 34-65 27-71 7-96 128 800 1-89 34-66 27-73 7-95 128 1000 1-73 34-71 27-78 7-98 121 1500 1-38 34-72 27-82 7-97 119 2000 1-03 34-72 27-84 7-98 119 482 23 10 -0-58 -0-58 33-96 33-96 27-31 27-31 8-02 8-02 93 95 8-03 N70B NiooB j- 168-0 0519 0538 KT 20 -0-58 33-96 27-31 8 -02 96 8-01 N50 V 1 00-0 0600 30 - o-6o 33-96 27-31 8-02 96 — N70V 50-0 40 — o-6o 33-96 27-31 8-02 94 8-06 >> 100-50 50 — o-6o 33-96 27-31 8-02 92 — )) 250-100 60 -0-66 33-96 27-32 8-02 93 8-05 yy 500-250 80 — 0-67 33-96 27-32 8-01 93 — n 750-500 100 — 0-70 33-96 27-32 8-01 96 7-96 ,, 1000-750 — 0908 15° -0-38 34-06 27-38 7-95 107 200 0-05 34-14 27-43 7-92 no 6-27 300 1-40 34-34 27-51 7-86 118 400 1-90 34-51 27-61 7-84 118 4-13 600 2-01 34-61 27-68 7-95 122 3-75 800 1-93 34-64 27-71 7-96 124 3-78 1000 1-82 34-69 27-76 7-97 119 1500 1-42 34-70 27-80 8-01 115 4-02 483 24 5 — 0-50 -0-47 34-03 27-37 7-98 98 — N50V N70V 1 00-0 50-0 I3I5 10 -0-47 34-03 27-37 7-99 97 — >> 100-50 15 -0-47 — — — — — )) 150-100 — 1350 20 -0-47 34-03 27-37 7-99 96 — N70B no-o I4I8 1438 KT 25 -0-47 — — — — — N 100 B J 1 TJ 30 -0-47 34-03 27-37 7-99 100 40 -0-48 34-03 27-37 7-99 97 50 -0-45 34-03 27-37 7-99 100 60 -0-48 34-03 27-37 7-99 100 80 — o-6o 34-05 27-39 7-96 100 100 - 0-67 34-08 27-41 7-94 no 150 - 0-40 34-13 27-44 7-91 no 484 25 - 0-56 33-96 27-31 8-00 81 — N50V 1 00-0 0738 + I hour G.M.T. 10 -0-58 33-96 27-31 8-00 80 -~ N70V 50-0 20 -0-58 33-96 27-31 7-99 78 — »» 100-50 30 -0-59 33-96 27-31 8-00 78 — „ 150-100 — 0814 40 50 — o-6o - 0-62 33-96 33-96 27-31 27-32 8-01 8-00 77 78 N70B NiooB J 73-0 0825 0845 KT 60 — 070 33-96 27-32 8-00 79 80 — 0-91 33-97 27-33 7-99 79 87 484-488 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 484 cont. 485 486 487 488 Position 53° 521' S, 37° 05V W 53° 37r S, 37° 18' W 53°24i'S,37°29f'W 53°ia'S,37°4irW 52°59rS,37°48'W Date 1930 16 xi 16 xi 16 xi 16 xi 17 XI Hour 1015 1320 1828 2155 0150 0430 Sounding (metres) 205' 1891* 3548* 3309 WIND Direction wsw wsw wsw wsw wsw w ,-, s o c 20 20 SEA Direction wsw wsw wsw wsw wsw W : S Weather b. z. b. b. b. f. e. 1009-9 I0I2-0 I0I2'8 1014-0 IOI4-I IOI3-4 — I-I Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 0-7 0-4 Wet bulb °-5 0-2 0-4 0-2 Remarks mod. WSW swell mod. WSW swell mod. WSW swell heavy WSW swell mod . to heavy WSW swell mod. W swell 88 R.R.S. Discovery II 484-488 Station c o o ^ -o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p,o. TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7oo at pH mgm. p.m.^ O2 CC. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 484 25 100 — l-oi 34-03 27-39 7-97 83 cont. 150 -0-58 34-14 27-46 7-92 90 485 26 - o-6o 33-94 27-30 8-05 70 8-27 N50 V 1 00-0 I02I ID — 0-64 33-94 27-30 8-05 72 — N70V 50-0 20 — 0-69 33-94 27-30 8-05 69 8-14 >> 100-50 30 -071 33-94 27-30 8-05 69 — »» 180-100 — 1055 40 50 -071 -071 33-94 33-94 27-30 27-30 8-05 8-05 86 78 8-17 N70B NiooB } 133-0 1 124 1 144 KT 60 -072 33-94 27-30 8-05 80 8-18 80 -0-83 33-97 27-33 8-04 86 100 -074 34-14 27-40 7-98 96 7-45 150 0-00 34-14 27-43 7-97 100 175 o-o8 34-16 27-44 7-96 100 6-20 486 26 -0-41 33-97 27-31 8-06 79 — N50V 1 00-0 1326 10 -0-43 33-97 27-31 8-o6 76 — N70V 50-0 20 -0-43 33-97 27-31 8-05 75 — 100-50 30 -0-48 33-97 27-32 8-05 76 — 250-100 40 -0-52 33-97 27-32 8-05 79 — 500-250 50 -0-59 33-97 27-32 8-04 94 — 750-500 60 - 0-67 33-97 27-32 8-04 86 — 1000-750 — 1514 80 100 -079 -o-8i 33-97 34-04 27-33 27-39 8-03 8-02 85 86 N70B N 100 B j. 124-0 1603 1623 KT 150 0-09 34-22 27-49 7-93 100 — NiooB 375-124 1603 1637 DGP 200 o-8o 34-31 27-52 7-89 106 300 I -So 34-50 27-61 7-87 no 400 I -95 34-58 27-66 7-86 no 600 1-98 34-66 27-72 7-88 115 800 1-91 34-68 27-75 7-89 112 1000 172 34-70 27-78 7-95 112 1500 1-33 34-69 27-80 7-95 112 487 26 - 0-39 33-92 27-27 8-05 80 7-85 N50V 1 00-0 1835 4- 2 hours G.M.T. 10 — 0-40 33-93 27-28 8-05 79 — N70V 50-0 20 - 0-44 33-94 27-29 8-05 79 7-85 100-50 30 0-50 33-94 27-29 8-04 79 — 250-100 40 -0-S4 33-94 27-29 8-04 78 7-85 500-250 SO -0-5S 33-94 27-30 8-04 79 — 750-500 60 — 0-56 33-94 27-30 8-04 81 7-89 1000-750 — 2058 80 100 — 0-62 -0-88 33-94 34-02 27-30 27-38 8-04 7-99 81 93 6-98 N70B NiooB 1 108-0 2210 2230 KT 150 — 0-20 34-11 27-42 7-96 93 — NiooB 320-108 2210 2239 DGP 175 0-63 34-23 27-47 7-93 200 1-30 34-31 27-49 7-89 108 4-96 300 1-88 34-45 27-56 7-86 109 400 2-00 34-54 27-62 7-86 no 3-93 600 1-99 34-61 27-68 8-00 115 3-74 800 1-93 34-64 27-71 8-00 105 4-03 1000 179 34-69 27-76 7-95 104 1500 I-S3 34-71 27-80 7-95 106 4-08 2000 1-31 34-70 27-81 7-96 107 2500 0-85 34-68 27-82 7-99 107 4-29 3000 071 34-67 27-82 8-00 104 4-27 488 26 -0-49 33-96 27-31 8-05 78 — N70B \ III-O 0052 0112 KT 10 -0-49 33-96 27-31 8-05 80 — N 100 B 20 -0-48 33-96 27-31 8-05 81 — NiooB 370-1 1 1 0052 0120 DGP 30 -0-45 33-96 27-31 8-05 82 — N50V 1 00-0 0138 40 -0-45 33-96 27-31 8-05 82 — N70V 50-0 50 -0-49 33-96 27-31 8-05 81 — „ 100-50 60 - 0-50 33-97 27-32 8-05 82 ^ " 250-100 89 488-491 R.R.S. Discovery U Station 488 con/. 489 490 491 Position 52° 591' S, 37° 48' W 52° 481' S, 38° 04' W 52°35'S,38°i3i'W 52° 22' S, 38° 22|' W Date 1930 17 xi 17 XI 17 XI 17 XI Hour 0620 0937 1204 1535 1843 Sounding (metres) 3251' 3502' 3522' WIND Direction W X S W X S w WNW NW WNW u O o c 15- 18 15 14 10 SEA Direction W X S W >: S W WNW NW WNW Weather b.e. b. b. z. e. o. f. e. O S 1015-2 1016-5 IO16-O 1015-7 IOI5-3 IO16-O Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-4 0-5 — i-o 0-75 0-5 0-6 Wet bulb 0-5 0-7 i-o ■0-75 0-5 0-7 Remarks mod. W swell mod. WSW swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. NW swell 90 R.R.S. Discovery II 488-491 Station c o o ,^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks PaOs mgm. p.m.^ TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. °c. S 7oo at pH Oo cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 488 26 80 - 070 33-97 27-33 8-04 85 N70V 500-250 emit. 100 -o-8o 34-02 27-37 8 -GO lOI — ,, 750-500 150 — o-oi 34-13 27-43 7-94 lOI — >» 1000-750 — 0331 200 0-89 34-26 27-48 7-90 106 300 172 34-43 27-56 7-86 121 400 1-92 34-51 27-61 7-86 118 600 1-97 34-60 27-68 7-89 "3 800 1-92 34-65 27-72 7-90 no 1000 1-75 34-68 27-76 7-98 107 1500 1-38 34-70 27-80 7-98 107 2000 0-91 34-70 27-83 7-97 107 2500 0-62 34-68 27-83 7-96 107 3000 0-43 34-66 27-83 8-00 108 489 26 -079 33-91 27-28 8-04 85 7-87 N50 V 1 00-0 0630 ID -079 33-91 27-28 8-04 89 — N70V 50-0 20 ^o-8o 33-90 27-28 8-03 89 7-86 100-50 30 -o-8i 33-89 27-27 8-03 94 — 250-100 40 — 0-90 33-89 27-27 8-04 93 7-83 500-250 50 - 0-92 33-91 27-29 8-04 93 — 750-500 60 — I -00 33-92 27-30 8-02 93 7-77 1000-750 — 0925 80 100 - 1-27 -1-28 33-96 34-04 27-34 27-40 8-00 7-96 94 97 7-14 N70B N 100 B [ 167-0 0950 lOIO KT 150 -o-i8 34-21 27-50 7-92 107 — NiooB 400-167 0950 1020 DGP 200 0-40 34-31 27-55 7-87 III 5-52 300 170 34-50 27-61 7-87 "3 400 I -80 34-58 27-67 7-91 114 4-08 600 1-95 34-66 27-73 7-96 114 3-88 800 1-90 34-68 27-75 7-95 106 3-94 1000 I 74 34-71 27-78 8-01 107 1500 1-29 34-72 27-82 7-97 105 4-16 2000 0-84 34-71 27-84 8-01 109 2500 0-51 34-70 27-86 8-03 114 4-30 3000 0-19 34-69 27-87 8-04 113 4-45 490 27 -o-SS 33-91 27-27 8-06 85 — N50V 1 00-0 I2II 10 — 070 33-88 27-25 8-05 85 — N70V 50-0 20 — 070 33-89 27-26 8-05 93 — 100-50 30 — 070 33-89 27-26 8-05 91 — 250-100 40 -078 33-S9 27-27 8-05 88 — 500-250 5° -0-84 33-89 27-27 8-04 85 — 750-500 60 -0-87 33-90 27-28 8-03 85 — 1000-750 — I5I5 80 - 1-15 33-92 27-30 7-98 93 — N7'oB 140-0 1540 I60I KT 100 - i-i8 34-03 27-39 7-97 93 — N 100 B ) ^ 150 0-30 34-21 27-47 7-91 119 — N 100 B 350-140 '540 1609 DGP 200 0-98 34-32 27-52 7-88 114 300 177 34-48 27-59 7-85 120 400 1-90 34-57 27-66 7-86 118 600 1-96 34-66 27-73 7-88 114 800 1-86 34-66 27-73 7-93 III 1000 172 34-70 27-77 7-98 107 1500 1-22 34-70 27-81 7-97 107 2000 0-82 34-69 27-83 7-98 107 2500 0-56 34-68 27-84 7-98 107 3000 0-31 34-67 27-84 7-98 109 491 27 -0-48 33-96 27-31 8-03 82 8-16 N50 V 1 00-0 1849 10 -0-48 33-96 27-31 8-03 82 — N70V 50-0 20 — 0-62 33-96 27-32 8-02 93 8-23 )) 100-50 30 -0-68 33-96 27-32 8-02 83 — ») 250-100 40 — 070 33-96 27-32 8-02 85 8-01 ,, 500-250 SO -078 33-96 27-32 8-02 85 ~ )i 750-500 91 491-494 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position 491 cont. 492 52° 22' S, 38° 22f' W 53° i2|' S, 37° 04I' W 493 494 52° 35!' S, 35° 26I' W 52°5oVS,35°3srW Date 1930 17 xi Hour Sounding (metres) 18-19 1030 1259 2II4 0115 19 XI 0442 0810 3286* WIND Direction NW NNW o c 3824* 3760* NNW NW WNW WNW 19 17 SEA Direction 32 28 29 NW NNW NNW NW WNW WNW Weather m- Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb b. o. m. e. o p. m. o. m. r. 4-5 4 1014-2 1006-7 1003-0 999-1 1000-2 Wet bulb Remarks 2-3 2-5 3-0 0-2 1-5 1-5 2-5 •;-o 1-7 0-0 mod. conf. NW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. NW swell heavy NW swell 92 R.R,S. Discovery II 491—494 Station c o „ P CO •"• ^ - ^3 00 < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth metres) Temp. S °/,:„ at pH P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 0. cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 491 27 60 -0-82 33-96 27-32 8-00 86 8-01 N70 V 1000-750 — 2050 Clint. 80 -0-89 33-96 27-33 8-01 87 — N70B !- 164-0 2I2I 2141 KT 100 -0-99 34-03 27-39 7-98 lOI 7-50 N 100 B ) ^ DGP 15° 0-32 34-24 27-50 7-89 109 — NiooB 370-164 2I2I 2153 • 200 0-92 34-33 27-53 7-87 no 5-21 300 1-67 34-49 27-61 7-84 112 400 1-92 34-58 27-66 7-85 119 4-03 600 1-94 34-68 27-74 7-91 118 3-96 800 1-84 34-70 27-77 7-92 114 3-96 1000 1-62 34-72 27-80 7-94 109 1500 1-23 34-72 27-83 7-98 107 4-19 2000 0-90 0-6 1 34-70 34-69 27-83 27-84 8-00 107 2500 7-98 107 4-53 Nitrite Nj Nitrate + 492 28 3000 0-42 - 0-35 34-67 33-96 27-84 27-30 7-99 8-05 109 72 4-56 N50V 1 00-0 1037 Depth mgm./m.' Nitrite Nj mgm./m." 5-3 550 10 -0-43 33-96 27-31 8-04 73 — N70 V 50-0 10 5-3 550 20 -0-47 33-96 27-31 8-05 76 — 11 100-50 20 5-3 30 -0-47 33-96 27-31 8-05 76 — .. 250-100 30 5-3 550 40 -0-47 33-96 27-31 8-05 76 — !1 500-250 40 5-5 50 -0-48 33-96 27-31 8-05 76 — » 750-500 50 5-4 550 60 — o-6o 33-96 27-32 8-05 78 — „ 1000-750 1230 60 5-1 80 -0-80 33-99 27-35 8-02 87 — N7OB ! 148-0 I312 1335 KT 80 4-7 550 100 -0-83 34-03 27-38 7-98 90 — N 100 B ) DGP 100 4-3 600 150 - o-io 34-14 27-44 7-93 106 — NiooB 375-148 I312 1343 150 1-7 700 200 0-94 34-40 27-59 7-88 III 200 0-3 700 300 1-72 34-47 27-59 7-84 114 300 0-0 400 1-92 34-58 27-66 7-85 114 400 0-0 850 600 1-98 34-66 27-73 7-88 118 3-8i 600 0-0 900 800 1-89 34-67 27-74 7-91 116 3-91 800 0-0 1000 1-76 34-71 27-78 7-96 "5 1000 0-0 700 1500 1-40 34-72 27-82 7-98 114 3-14 1500 0-0 2000 0-99 34-70 27-83 8-OI 114 2000 o-o 700 2500 0-71 34-69 27-84 8-00 III 3-93 2500 o-o 493 28 3000 0-57 0-35 34-68 33-95 27-84 27-26 8-02 8-07 114 84 4-29 N50 V 1 00-0 2130 3000 0-0 650 10 0-32 33-95 27-26 8-06 82 — N70V 50-0 20 0-31 33-95 27-26 8-o6 82 — „ 100-50 30 0-31 33-95 27-26 8-07 82 — „ 250-100 40 0-30 33-96 27-27 8-o6 83 — >) 500-250 50 0-30 33-99 27-30 8-05 90 — )j 750-500 60 0-24 34-00 27-31 8-05 88 — >, 1000-750 — 2338 80 0-21 34-01 27-32 8-04 88 — N70B J 155^ 0135 0155 KT 100 O-IO 34-01 27-32 8-04 88 — N 100 B 150 — 0-21 34-04 27-36 7-98 98 — N 100 B 365-155 0135 0207 DGP 175 0-79 34-30 27-52 7-90 104 200 1-33 34-40 27-56 7-88 109 300 1-79 34-54 27-64 7-86 III 400 1-99 34-60 27-68 7-87 III 600 1-90 34-67 27-74 7-90 126 800 1-79 34-71 27-78 7-93 124 1000 I -60 34-71 27-79 7-93 120 1500 1-25 34-72 27-83 8-00 115 2000 0-71 34-70 27-84 8-02 117 2500 0-47 34-70 27-86 8-01 118 3000 0-27 34-68 27-86 8-OI 118 350° — 34-67 8-01 118 494 28 -0-85 33-96 27-32 8-00 89 7-8i N50 V 1 00-0 0458 10 -0-85 33-96 27-32 8-00 89 — N70V 50-0 20 --0-88 33-96 27-33 8-00 90 7-82 T) 100-50 93 494-497 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 494 cotit. 495 496 Position 52°5oyS,35°35rW 53° 041' S, 35° 431' W 53°i7rS,3S°56'W 497 Date 1930 19 xi 19 XI 19 XI 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia Hour [049 [400 1709 2000 Sounding (metres) 0630 3528^ 3466* WIND Direction W X N W X S w w w 30 18 35 38 SEA Direction W X N conf. W W W Weather b. b. c. q. b. c. q. b.c. 0~ m- I00I-5 I002-I 1002-5 1004-7 1002-2 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb 1-4 6-4 Wet bulb 0-5 0-5 Remarks heavy conf. W swell heavy conf. W swell slight W swell 94 R.R.S. Discovery II 494-497 Station < 494 cont. HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 495 29 496 497 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 o 10 20 3° 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Temp. S 7oo 0-89 0-90 0-90 - 1 -08 -I-39 ■ 1-20 - 0-22 1-20 1-79 1-82 1-93 1-82 1-53 1-04 o-6i 0-40 0-22 0-07 -0-94 0-95 -0-95 - 0-96 -0-97 - 1-02 - 1-04 1-13 - 1-22 -0-30 1-24 1-82 1-89 1-85 1-73 1-45 0-98 0-59 0-38 0-22 - I-IO - I-IO - I-IO - I-IO - I-IO - 1-40 -1-47 -1-47 -1-38 - 0-29 1-05 1-75 2-01 2-02 1-90 1-70 1-26 0-80 0-48 0-27 -0-38 33'96 33-96 33-96 33-96 34-03 34-12 34-22 34-42 34-57 34-66 34-69 34-71 34-73 34-70 34-69 34-67 34-67 34-67 33-90 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-92 33-93 33-96 34-01 34-19 34-41 34-56 34-59 34-66 34-71 34-71 34-71 34-70 34-69 34-68 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-95 33-98 34-05 34-07 34-17 34-31 34-50 34-60 34-63 34-68 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-68 33-88 pH 27-33 27-33 27-33 27-33 27-40 27-47 27-51 27-59 27-67 27-74 27-75 27-77 27-81 27-82 27-84 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-28 27-29 27-29 27-29 27-29 27-30 27-31 27-34 27-38 27-49 27-58 27-65 27-67 27-73 27-78 27-80 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-29 27-29 27-29 27-29 27-29 27-33 27-36 27-42 27-43 27-47 27-51 27-61 27-67 27-70 27-75 27-78 27-81 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-24 P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 8-00 8-00 8-00 7-99 7-98 7-98 7-96 7-87 7-85 7-86 7-87 7-96 7-95 7-98 8-03 8-01 8-02 8-02 7-99 7-99 7-99 8-00 800 7-99 7-99 7-98 7-97 7-89 7-85 7-84 7-85 7-87 7-90 7-96 7-98 7-98 8-00 7-99 7-98 7-98 7-97 7-97 7-98 7-97 7-96 7-96 7-96 7-90 7-86 7-83 7-84 7-87 7-90 7-96 7-98 7-99 7-98 7-97 O., cc. p. 90 90 90 90 91 92 105 III 114 115 115 116 116 114 III 112 113 114 86 87 87 86 86 85 86 90 100 103 114 114 114 109 no 113 114 114 114 114 93 89 89 92 93 96 03 06 10 II 14 16 18 12 14 14 14 18 19 7-77 7-73 6-97 4-76 3-98 3-93 3-89 4-22 4-49 4-57 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 4-02 4-17 411 4-51 N70 V N70B NiooB NiooB Depth (metres) N50 V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [ :6o-o 390-160 N70B NiooB NiooB TIME From To 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 155-0 186-0 375-155 N50V 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 I- 155-0 370-155 0826 0826 0651 0846 0858 Remarks KT DGP 1 105 1413 1413 1413 1716 1257 1433 1437 1442 KT KT DGP 2019 2019 0635 2000 2039 2050 0655 KT DGP Two hauls 95 498-501 Station 498 499 500 501 Position 54° ool' S, 36° 22' W 53° 44V S, 36° 16' W 53° 30' S, 36° 091' W 53°4i|'S.33°28'W R.R.S. Discovery II Date 1930 21 xi 22 XI Hour 1400 1640 1957 2250 1415 1625 Sounding (metres) 185* 386* 2081* 2462* WIND Direction ESE SE N NW W X N NW o c IS 9 18 12 SEA Direction & 96 ESE SE N NW W X N NW Weather O. 1002-4 1003-9 1005-2 1005-6 lOOI-I 999-7 Air Temp. " C. Dry- bulb 0-5 0-S 1-5 1-5 1-2 0-5 Wet bulb l-O 1-2 1-5 0-8 -0-6 Remarks mod. ESE swell heavy SE swell heavy SE swell mod. coiif. swell mod. WNW swell mod. NW swell i\..K..a. Discovery II 498-501 Station c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p n TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. S °/c.„ at pH mgm. p.m.' 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 498 I - 0-62 33-90 27-27 8-02 83 N50V lOO-O 1407 10 - 0-62 33-91 27-28 8-02 80 — N70V 50-0 20 - 0-62 33-91 27-28 8-02 77 — >> 100-50 3° -0-68 33-91 27-28 8-02 76 — .. 175-100 — 1440 40 -072 33-91 27-28 8-02 82 — N70B ■ 137-0 1450 1510 KT 50 — 0-92 33-91 27-29 8-00 82 — N 100 B 1 60 — 0-96 33-93 27-31 7-98 82 80 - I-I4 33-94 27-32 7-96 89 100 -0-98 33-96 27-33 7-96 88 150 -0-51 34-10 27-42 7-95 93 499 I — 0-62 33-91 27-28 8-02 76 7-94 N50V 1 00-0 1650 10 — 0-62 33-91 27-28 8-02 75 — N70V 50-0 20 - 0-62 33-91 27-28 8-02 75 7-91 >» 100-50 30 - o-6o 33-91 27-28 8-02 84 — ,, 250-100 — 1743 40 - o-6o 33-91 27-28 8-02 82 7-95 N70B - 155-0 1804 1824 KT • 50 ~o-55 33-91 27-27 8-02 81 — N 100 B ) 60 -0-53 33-91 27-27 8-02 81 7-91 80 -0-98 33-95 27-32 7-97 85 100 — I -06 33-98 27-35 7-97 88 7-51 150 -0-13 34-12 27-42 7-91 93 200 0-47 34-22 27-47 7-88 106 5-65 300 1-25 34-36 27-54 7-87 106 350 1-55 34-43 27-57 7-87 109 4-49 500 I 078 33-92 27-29 8-02 78 7-85 N50V 1 00-0 2004 10 - 078 33-92 27-29 8-01 79 — N70V 50-0 20 -079 33-92 27-29 8-01 82 7-84 >, 100-50 30 -o-8o 33-92 27-29 8-01 83 — ,, 250-100 40 -o-8i 33-92 27-29 8-00 83 7-84 „ 500-250 50 -0-83 33-92 27-29 8-00 88 — .. 750-500 60 -0-88 33-92 27-29 7-98 88 7-80 „ 1000-750 — 2250 80 -0-94 33-93 27-31 7-97 90 — N70B 142-0 2308 2328 KT 100 -0-89 34-01 27-37 7-96 107 7-05 N 100 B 1 ^ 150 0-38 34-17 27-48 7-89 107 — NiooB 390-142 2308 2337 DGP 200 1-28 34-3° 27-49 7-86 109 5-02 300 1-68 34-43 27-56 7-84 114 400 1-98 34-54 27-63 7-86 114 3-99 600 2-01 34-61 27-68 7-96 112 3-86 800 1-93 34-65 27-72 7-97 113 3-73 1000 1-83 34-65 27-73 7-96 III 1500 1-38 34-66 27-77 7-97 1 1 1 4-10 2000 1-03 34-67 27-80 7-97 no 4-23 501 2 -0-93 33-87 27-26 7-99 94 — N50V 1 00-0 1424 5 -0-93 — — 7-99 — — N70V 50-0 10 -0-99 33-87 27-26 7-98 104 — ,, 100-50 15 — i-oo — 7-98 — — )» 250-100 20 — I-OI 33-87 27-26 7-98 106 — n 500-250 25 - I -00 — — 7-98 — — ,, 750-500 30 - I-oo 33-87 27-26 7-98 103 — „ 1000-750 — 1621 40 -0-99 33-89 27-27 7-98 104 — N70B - 200-0 1652 1712 KT 50 — I-OI 33-9° 27-28 7-97 104 — N 100 B J 60 - I -06 33-93 27-31 7-97 104 — NiooB 490-200 1652 1720 DGP 80 -0-55 34-11 27-44 7-92 106 100 o-oi 34-20 27-48 7-87 123 150 0-87 34-33 27-54 7-86 125 200 1-55 34-45 27-59 7-84 135 300 1-90 34-54 27-63 7-82 135 400 1-95 34-6i 27-69 7-87 130 600 1-79 34-69 27-76 7-93 126 800 1-54 34-70 27-79 7-95 127 97 13 501-504 Station 501 colli. 502 503 504 Position 53° 4ir S, 33° 28' W 53°47'S,33°5irW 53° 531' S, 34° 121' W 54° oof S, 34° 33V W Date 1930 22 xi 22 XI 23x1 Hour 1858 2105 0250 23x1 0539 0758 R.R.S. Discovery II Sounding (metres) 2661^ 2823^ 3125' WIND Direction NW NW W X N NW X \N NW X W — NW X ^v o c 19 18 SEA Direction 20 98 NW NW W X N NW >: W NWxW NWxW 4 Weather b.c. b.C. o. p. s. o. e. m. m- 999-8 999-4 Air Temp. " C. 996-7 994-1 991-6 991-4 Dry bulb 0-5 0-5 — i-o Wet bulb 0-8 0-6 Remarks mod. WNW swell mod. conf. swell mod. NW swell — o / 0-2 0-2 heavy WNW swell R.R.S. Discovery 11 501-504 Station o -^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S ^■;'::, at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 501 ^ 1000 1-33 34-70 27-80 7-97 120 cont. 1500 2000 079 0-42 34-69 34-69 27-83 27-85 7-98 7-97 114 112 502 2 -o-8o 33-82 27-21 8-00 91 7-83 N50V 1 00-0 1910 10 ^o-8o 33-82 27-21 8-00 95 — N70V 50-0 20 -o-8o 33-82 27-21 8-00 100 — 5» 100-50 30 -0-89 33-82 27-21 8-00 97 — >> 250-100 40 — 0-90 33-83 27-22 7-99 96 7-84 »1 500-250 5-3 ~ 1-07 33-85 27-25 7-98 93 — >» 750-500 60 - 1-07 33-91 27-29 7-98 91 7-69 ,, 1000-750 — 2050 80 - 1-28 34-00 27-37 7-97 96 — N7OB - n2-o 2129 2149 KT 100 -1-25 34-05 27-41 7-96 99 7-03 N 100 B ) - 150 i-i6 34-36 27-54 7-87 112 — NiooB 370-132 2129 2200 DGP 200 1-77 34-47 27-59 7-84 113 4-24 300 1-88 34-55 27-64 7-85 114 400 1-79 34-63 27-71 7-86 115 4-02 600 178 34-67 27-75 7-89 115 4-01 800 1-52 34-69 27-78 7-95 118 3-12 1000 1-25 34-70 27-81 7-98 116 1500 o-8i 34-71 27-85 8-00 116 4-33 2000 0-47 34-69 27-85 8-01 115 2500 0-21 34-68 27-86 7-99 IIS 4-23 503 3 — I-I2 33-89 27-28 8-00 89 — N50 V 100 -0 0016 10 ^ I-l6 33-89 27-28 8-00 89 — N70V 50-0 20 - I-17 33-89 27-28 8-00 93 — „ 100-50 30 - 1-27 33-90 27-29 7-99 93 — yi 250-100 40 - 1-27 33-92 27-31 7-99 93 — » 500-250 50 - 1-27 33-92 27-31 7-98 93 — „ 750-500 60 ~ 1-33 33-93 27-32 7-98 94 — „ 1000-750 — 0212 80 - 1-59 33-97 27-36 7-96 100 — N70B ' 1 1 5-0 0316 0336 KT 100 - 1-28 34-07 27-43 7-93 109 — N 100 B I ^ 150 o-io 34-27 27-53 7-90 115 — N 100 B 320-n5 0316 0347 DGP 200 1-40 34-47 27-61 7-86 120 300 170 34-61 27-70 7-84 128 400 170 34-63 27-72 7-85 129 600 171 34-69 27-77 7-88 125 800 I -57 34-71 27-79 7-93 121 1000 1-31 34-70 27-81 7-94 118 1500 o-8i 34-69 27-83 7-98 117 2000 0-42 34-69 27-85 7-97 118 2500 0-21 34-69 27-87 7-98 128 504 -1 3 - 1-31 33-91 27-30 8-00 93 7-64 N50V 1 00-0 0604 10 -1-33 33-91 27-30 7-99 94 — N70V 50-0 20 - 1-39 33-89 27-29 7-98 93 7-60 >. 100-50 30 - 1-41 33-89 27-29 7-98 91 — „ 250-100 40 - 1-44 33-89 27-29 7-98 98 7-60 „ 500-250 5° -1-41 33-89 27-29 7-98 96 — << 750-500 60 - 1-40 33-90 27-30 7-97 96 7-57 „ 1000-750 — 0740 80 -1-48 33-91 27-31 7-97 94 — N70B 169-0 0817 0837 KT 100 - 1-52 33-93 27-32 7-97 93 7-41 N 100 B ) -^ 150 - 1-32 34-14 27-49 7-93 97 — N 100 B 400- 1 69 0817 0850 DGP 200 0-45 34-35 27-58 7-87 no 5-17 300 i-i6 34-51 27-66 7-86 120 400 1-65 34-58 27-68 7-86 115 4-75 600 1-66 34-68 27-76 7-88 114 800 1-52 — 7-94 — 4-04 1000 1-32 34-71 27-81 7-95 no 1500 0-87 34-70 27-83 7-96 no 4-27 2000 0-59 34-69 27-85 7-96 no 99 504-508 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 504 cont. 505 506 Position 54°oorS,34°33A'W 54°07i'S,34°S4rW 54°i4'S,35°i5|'W 507 54° 19I' S, 35° 331' W 508 55° 08' S, 33° 35' W Date 1930 23 xi 23x1 23x1 Hour 1040 1310 1556 1622 1750 23x1 24x1 Sounding (metres) 2105 II23 1420 3872* 1366* 119 ->* 157' WIND Direction 34°5' NW WNW WNW WNW t o U, i NW >: N W X S w 12 19 13 SEA Direction o NW NWxW 24 30 WNW WNW NW W X S w Weather o. f. e. o. m. e. o. m. e. o. f. e. 4-5 o. e. g. a c 990-0 990-2 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 988-1 987-9 984-6 o-i Wet bulb 978-5 980-3 -0-3 — 0-2 0-0 0-2 Remarks heavy NW swell heavy WNW swell heavy NWxW swell heavy conf. W swell 0-2 07 0-5 heavy NW swell mod. conf. W swell mod. W swell 100 R.R.S. Discovery H 504-508 Station c o o „ Sis. HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P.,Or TIME *o < Depth (metres) Temp. s 7„o at pH mgm. p.m.' cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 504 3 2500 0-31 34-68 27-85 7-98 109 4-47 cont. 3000 0-07 34-67 27-86 8-00 112 4-53 505 3 -0-68 33-90 27-27 8-05 86 — N50 V 1 00-0 1050 10 — 0-70 33-90 27-27 8-05 80 — N70V 50-0 20 -0-73 33-90 27-27 8-05 81 — 100-50 30 -o-8i 33-90 27-27 8-05 85 — ,, 250-100 40 -o-8i 33-91 27-28 8-04 84 — >1 500-250 50 - 0-82 33-91 27-28 8-04 85 — ., 750-500 60 -0-86 33-91 27-29 8-03 85 — ,, 1000-750 — 1224 80 -078 33-94 27-31 7-99 86 — N70B 1 141-0 1332 1352 KT 100 — 070 34-01 27-36 7-97 lOI — NiooB 150 -0-3I 34-14 27-45 7-95 104 — N 100 B 360-140 1332 1401 DGP 200 0-40 34-28 27-52 7-89 106 300 1-29 34-43 27-59 7-86 107 400 1-73 34-54 27-64 7-84 108 600 i-8i 34-64 27-72 7-88 109 Soo 172 34-69 27-77 7-90 109 1000 1-56 34-70 27-79 7-92 109 1500 1-03 34-70 27-82 7-97 108 2000 0-68 34-69 27-84 7-99 106 ^ 2500 0-4S 34-69 27-85 7-99 106 3000 0-40 34-69 27-85 8-01 107 3500 0-24 34-68 27-85 8-01 108 506 3 - 0'56 33-92 27-28 8-07 81 7-85 N50V 1 00-0 1611 10 -0-59 33-92 27-28 8-05 81 — N70 V 50-0 20 — o-6o 33-92 27-28 8-05 81 7-75 >> 100-50 30 - o-6o 33-89 27-26 8-05 81 — „ 250-100 40 - 0-62 33-89 27-26 8-04 85 7-84 ,, 500-250 50 -078 33-89 27-27 8-04 85 — „ 750-500 60 -o-8o 33-90 27-28 8-03 86 7-63 „ 1000-750 — 1744 80 -o-8o 33-92 27-29 8-00 87 — N70B \ 161 -0 1803 1823 KT 100 -o-8o 34-03 27-38 7-97 94 7-10 N 100 B 150 - o-i6 34-14 27-44 7-90 103 N 100 B 430-161 1803 1831 DGP 200 0-48 34-23 27-48 7-87 103 5-56 300 I -60 34-43 27-57 7-86 112 400 1-97 34-56 27-65 7-85 113 3-97 600 2-02 34-66 27-72 7-87 112 3-87 800 1-85 34-69 27-76 7-92 108 4-01 1000 1-69 34-71 27-79 7-94 109 4-03 507 3 — 070 33-91 27-28 8-02 87 -- N50V lOO-O 1913 10 - 070 33-91 27-28 8-02 87 — N70 V 50-0 20 - 072 33-91 27-28 8-02 87 — »J 100-50 — 1935 30 -072 33-91 27-28 8-02 87 — N70B NiooB 1 75-0 2012 2032 40 -077 33-91 27-28 8-01 88 50 -078 33-91 27-28 8-01 91 60 -079 33-91 27-28 7-99 93 80 -0-98 33-96 27-33 7-97 114 100 -0-86 34-00 27-36 7-97 108 150 -0-27 34-09 27-40 7-92 106 508 4 - 0-92 33-75 27-16 8-04 71 8-07 N50V lOO-O II35 10 - 0-97 33-75 27-16 8-03 75 — N70 V 50-0 20 - 0-99 33-75 27-16 8-02 75 8-07 >> 100-50 30 — I -00 33-75 27-16 8-03 75 — ,1 250-100 40 — i-oi 33-83 27-23 8-02 76 7-86 ,, 500-250 50 - 1-07 33-87 27-26 8-01 78 — ,, 750-500 60 — 1-02 33-87 27-26 8-00 80 7-71 ,, 1000-750 1313 80 - 1-05 33-87 27-26 7-97 80 N70B I8I-0 1440 1500 KT lOI 508-512 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 508 cont. 509 510 511 512 Position 55° o8' S, 33° 35' W 55°o5rs,34°oi'W 4-8 miles N 70° E of Gierke Rocks, South Georgia 54°58i'S,34°5ii'W 54° 56' S, 35° 17' W Date 1930 24 xi 24 XI 25x1 25x1 25x1 Hour 1708 203s 1310 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 1666* 166* 117 137* wsw W X S wsw sw WNW SEA o c 29 -!2 20 16 Direction WSW W X S WSW sw WNW Weather o. q. o. q. o. 2 £2 981-4 983-5 986-8 986-1 986-0 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 0-5 i-o 0-5 Wet bulb 0-9 0-5 0-0 Remarks heavy W swell mod. WSW swell mod. W swell mod. conf. W swell 102 R.R.S. Discovery 11 508-512 Station c o c HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P.O- TIME Ot3 < Depth (metres) Temp. °c. s 7,0 at pH nigm. p.m.' 0, cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 508 4 100 ~ i-oo 33-96 27-33 7-97 86 7-55 N 100 B 181-0 1440 1500 KT COIlt. 150 0-00 34-13 27-43 7-94 99 — >) 4IO-181 1440 1515 DGP 200 076 34-24 27-47 7-90 102 5-55 300 1-75 34-47 27-59 7-86 107 400 1-92 34-56 27-65 7-87 107 4-01 600 2-02 34-65 2771 7-91 107 3-93 800 2-02 34-7° 27-75 7-91 106 3-92 1000 1-76 34-72 27-79 7-92 106 1500 I -21 34-72 27-83 7-97 104 4-23 2000 0-66 34-70 27-85 7-99 106 2500 0-39 34-69 27-85 7-97 107 4-63 3000 0-25 34-69 27-86 7-99 108 4-64 509 4 -o-8i 33-80 27-20 8-o6 75 — N50V 1 00-0 1720 10 -0-82 33-80 27-20 8-06 75 — N70V 50-0 20 -0-83 33-80 27-20 8-06 75 — 100-50 30 - 0-90 33-81 27-21 8-os 75 — 250-100 40 -0-89 33-87 27-25 8-04 77 — 500-250 ';o -0-89 33-87 27-25 8-04 78 — 750-500 60 -0-89 33-87 27-25 8-05 85 — 1000-750 — 1946 80 100 -0-89 -o-8o 33-93 33-99 27-30 27-35 8-03 7-98 87 95 z N70B N 100 B 1 1 2-0 2003 2023 KT •5° 0-02 34-14 27-43 7-95 102 — N 100 B 340-112 2003 2035 DGP 200 o-8o 34-23 27-46 7-89 108 300 1-71 34-42 27-55 7-85 113 400 1-93 34-51 27-60 7-84 116 600 2-04 34-67 27-73 7-91 116 800 1-95 34-69 27-75 7-90 115 1000 172 34-70 27-77 7-92 109 1500 1-36 34-73 27-83 7-96 107 510 5 -0-88 33-86 27-24 8-06 79 7-90 N50V 1 00-0 0728 10 -0-87 33-86 27-24 8-06 80 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-89 33-86 27-25 8-o6 85 7-88 >> 100-50 30 - 0-90 33-86 27-25 8-o6 85 — „ 150-100 — 0755 40 so — 0-90 -0-86 33-88 33-91 27-26 27-29 8-06 8-05 85 86 7-84 N70B N 100 B [ 149-0 0S17 0837 KT 60 -0-83 33-94 27-31 8-03 88 771 80 -0-98 34-01 27-37 8-00 100 . 100 -0-77 34-03 27-38 7-97 lOI 6-98 150 -074 34-05 27-39 7-98 102 6-94 511 5 -0-85 33-87 27-25 8-05 81 — N50V 1 00-0 1025 10 - 0-90 33-87 27-25 8-05 85 — N70 V 50-0 20 - 0-91 33-87 27-26 8-05 86 — >i 100-50 — 1047 30 40 - 0-92 — 0-92 33-87 33-87 27-26 27-26 8-05 8-03 86 87 N70B N 100 B 1 71^ III5 1135 KT 50 — 0-92 33-88 27-26 8-03 91 60 - 0-92 33-89 27-26 8-03 91 80 -0-93 33-89 27-27 8-03 88 • 100 — 0-96 33-90 27-28 8-03 87 512 5 -0-55 33-87 27-24 8-07 79 8-o8 N50V 1 00-0 1320 10 — o-6o 33-87 27-24 8-07 79 — N70V 50-0 20 - 0-69 33-87 27-25 8-07 79 8-02 ,, 100-50 — 1345 30 40 - 070 -071 33-87 33-87 27-25 27-25 8-07 8-07 80 83 8-03 N70B N 100 B J 137-0 1410 1430 KT 5° -071 33-87 27-25 8-06 83 60 -071 33-87 27-25 8-o6 79 7-98 80 -071 33-87 27-25 8-06 81 100 -0-73 33-87 27-25 8-05 85 8-01 140 -079 33-87 27-25 8-04 84 7-95 103 513-516 Station 513 514 515 Position 54° 531' S, 35° 42*' W 55° 51' S, 35° 32' W 55° 381' S, 35° 41' W 516 55° 25i' S, 35° 521' W R.R.S. Discovery 11 Date 1930 25 xi 26 xi 26 xi Hour 1600 0630 0822 0952 1128 26 xi 1356 Sounding (metres) 106* 3133' 1849* 454* WIND Direction N W wsw w w fc-^ SEA Direction 18 16 22 20 W X N N W WSW w w W ;■; N Weather o. f. e. o. p. s. e. b. c. 985-4 987-0 989-3 990-5 991-4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 0-2 0-5 i-o 0-8 0-5 992-3 Wet bulb 0-5 1-2 1-5 0-5 Remarks mod. N swell slight W swell slight wsw swell mod. W swell 0-5 mod. W swell 104 R.R.S. Discovery 11 513-516 Station c o o ^ ~ >» OT3 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. S 7=„ at pH P2O, 0, cc, p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 513 5 - 0-42 33-87 27-23 8-07 81 Nso V 90-0 1606 10 - 0-42 33-87 27-23 8-07 81 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-45 33-87 27-23 8 -06 81 — ,, 90-50 — 1626 3° 4° - 0-56 -0-58 33-87 33-87 27-24 27-24 8-06 8-06 84 81 N70B N 100 B 1 71-0 1651 1711 KT 5° -0-59 33-87 27-24 8-06 83 6o — o-6o 33-87 27-24 8-o6 84 8o — 0-63 33-87 27-25 8-06 85 100 -0-68 33-91 27-28 8-o6 88 514 6 10 -0-39 -0-39 33-88 33-88 27-24 27-24 8-06 8-o6 80 80 7-96 N70B N 100 B 1 155-0 0540 0600 KT 20 -0-45 33-88 27-24 8-05 82 7-89 N 100 B 390-155 0540 0612 30 - 0-50 33-88 27-25 8-05 83 — N50 V 1 00-0 0625 40 — o-6i 33-91 27-28 8-04 91 7-67 N70V 50-0 50 -0-95 33-96 27-33 8-01 93 — 100-50 60 -i-i8 34-04 27-40 7-98 100 7-19 250-100 80 -0-53 34-13 27-45 7-93 108 — 500-250 100 — o-6i 34-14 27-46 7-94 108 6-48 750-500 150 0-07 34-23 27-50 7-91 108 — 1000-750 — 0755 200 0-88 34-32 27-53 7-90 113 5-II 300 1-98 34-52 27-61 7-86 125 400 2-01 34-58 27-66 7-87 118 3-88 600 1-83 34-66 27-73 7-91 118 3-93 800 1-73 34-69 27-77 7-96 'H 4-00 1000 1-63 34-71 27-79 7-96 119 1500 1-14 34-71 27-83 8-01 1 1 1 4-16 2000 0-70 34-70 27-85 7-98 109 2500 °-43 34-68 27-85 8-00 109 4-51 3000 0-22 34-67 27-85 7-99 107 4-60 515 6 -0-30 33-88 27-24 8 -06 75 — N50 V lOO-O 1002 10 -0-31 33-88 27-24 8-06 75 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-38 33-88 27-24 8-o6 75 — ,, 100-50 30 - 0-40 33-88 27-24 8-06 74 — ,, 250-100 40 — 0-46 33-88 27-24 8-o6 75 — ,, 500-250 SO - 0-49 33-88 27-25 8-o6 76 — yy 750-500 60 - 0-68 33-93 27-29 8-02 79 — ,, 1000-750 — 1125 80 -0-82 33-96 27-32 7-99 84 — N70B - 106-0 1 145 1205 KT 100 — 0-50 34-05 27-38 7-96 97 — N 100 B 150 0-68 34-23 27-47 7-87 100 — N 100 B 340-106 II 45 1215 DGP 200 i-ii 34-32 27-51 7-86 103 300 1-40 34-39 27-55 7-86 107 400 2-09 34-63 27-69 7-86 108 600 2-o6 34-65 27-71 7-90 109 800 1-96 34-68 27-74 7-92 104 1000 1-82 34-67 27-74 7-90 105 1500 1-48 34-68 27-78 7-96 105 516 6 - 0-50 33-89 27-25 8-o6 83 7-89 N50V 1 00-0 1400 10 — 0-50 33-90 27-26 8-o6 83 — N70V 50-0 20 ~ 0-50 33-90 27-26 8-07 83 8-06 yj 100-50 30 " 0-50 33-90 27-26 8-06 86 — M 250-100 40 -0-52 33-93 27-29 8-06 86 8-01 yy 440-250 — 1445 50 -0-51 33-93 27-29 8-o6 82 — N70B 1 123-0 1520 1540 KT 60 - 0-69 33-93 27-29 8-03 90 7-79 NiooB JT^ 80 -0-85 33-98 27-34 8-00 100 100 -0-72 34-07 27-41 7-97 113 6-96 150 0-12 34-21 27-48 7-90 115 200 0-90 34-30 27-51 7-87 117 5-30 300 I-5I 34-42 27-57 7-84 123 400 1-90 34-52 27-62 7-86 120 4-04 10; 14 517-520 Station 517 518 519 520 Position S4°42rs,36°36rw 54° 58' S, 36° 23' W S5°i3'S,36°09l'W 55°49'S,39°07i'W Date 1930 26 xi 27 XI 27 XI Hour 2108 0008 0312 0510 0327 R.R.S. Discovery II Sounding (metres) 187 294* 1095* 1077* 2783^ 0536 — WIND Direction NNW NWxW NWxW WNW 16 c o 19 18 SEA Direction NNW NWxW NWxW NWxN IS WNW NWxN Weather o. r. s. o. p. s. O 3 Air Temp. " C. O. p. m. o. f. e. 991-0 989-5 987-9 Drv bulb 988-1 988-1 1-4 0-7 Wet bulb 1-4 0-9 0-5 Remarks mod. W swell mod. W swell mod . W swell 0-0 — i-o heavyNWx N swell heavy NW swell 106 R.R,S. Discovery II 517-520 Station 517 O-t! 518 519 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 520 Temp. °C. O lO 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 17s o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 250 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 15° 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 s °/; o'30 0-29 o-o8 0-09 o-io 0-40 0-50 079 076 0-50 • 0-41 O-IO - O-IO -0-19 - 0-20 -0-33 - 0-40 0-41 -0-58 -0-84 - 0-09 0-50 I -00 - 0-2I - 0-21 - 0-21 -0-25 -0-30 - 0-32 -0-38 - 0-64 - 0-70 -0-51 0-32 1-45 1-71 2-03 2-03 - 0-46 -0-49 -0-49 - 0-49 -0-54 - I -00 - 1-20 - i-io - 0-22 I-I2 1-50 1-80 I -95 1-77 1-58 1-40 0-87 0-50 0-25 at 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-89 33-92 33-94 33-97 34-05 34-06 33-90 33-90 33-91 33-92 33-97 33-97 33-97 33-97 34-02 34-15 34-28 34-37 33-91 33-91 33-91 33-92 33-92 33-92 33-93 33-95 33-98 34-08 34-21 34-40 34-49 34-65 34-69 33-88 33-88 33-88 33-88 33-89 33-94 33-99 34-09 34-24 34-40 34-49 34-58 34-67 34-69 34-70 34-72 34-72 34-70 34-69 pH 27-20 27-20 27-22 27-22 27-22 27-25 27-28 27-31 27-33 27-38 27-39 27-24 27-24 27-26 27-26 27-31 27-32 27-32 27-32 27-37 27-44 27-52 27-56 27-26 27-26 27-26 27-27 27-27 27-27 27-28 27-31 27-33 27-41 27-47 27-55 27-61 27-71 27-74 27-25 27-25 27-25 27-25 27-26 27-32 27-36 27-44 27-53 27-58 27-62 27-67 27-73 27-76 27-79 27-81 27-85 27-86 27-86 8-17 8-17 8-i6 8-13 8-12 8-09 8-07 7-97 7-95 7-92 7-91 1 1 II 07 06 03 02 00 00 98 -91 -87 85 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ 8-10 8-08 8-07 8-05 8-05 8-04 8-02 8-00 7-97 7-93 7-90 7-85 7-84 7-87 7-90 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-05 8-02 7-97 7-94 7-87 7-86 7-86 7-87 7-91 7-97 8-01 8-00 8-05 8-05 cc. p. 1. 64 67 68 68 70 83 84 96 104 109 no 74 76 76 78 83 84 88 91 100 109 114 114 81 79 78 82 85 83 91 91 96 109 112 114 119 116 115 79 79 79 79 79 79 89 96 97 100 103 106 114 112 106 104 106 106 106 8-26 8-16 7-91 7-80 7-51 5-58 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 7-87 7-89 7-89 7-51 5-96 4-35 3-93 3-94 4-00 4-29 4-54 N50V N70 V N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70 V N70B NiooB NiooB N70B NiooB NiooB N50 V N70 V Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 180-100 102-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 90-0 TIME From To 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [ 137-0 390-137 ^ 155-0 400-155 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 2123 2316 0014 0119 2154 2236 Remarks KT 0048 0139 0320 0531 0531 0457 0551 0604 KT DGP 0253 0253 0338 0318 0328 0504 KT DGP 107 521-523 Station 521 522 523 Position 55°34i'S,38°43'W 55° 20i' S, 38° 19' W 55°o82'S,37°49rW R.R.S, Discovery II Date 1930 28 xi 28x1 29 XI Hour 0900 1547 1922 0440 0840 0916 Sounding (metres) 3513' 3846* 3685* 3008* WIND Direction NW X N SE SE SE X S SSW WNW u O 14 3 25- 30 27- 30 16 12 SEA Direction NW >: N 108 SE SE SSW w Weather o. f. e. o. f. e. o. f. e. o. s. 988-4 984-2 976-4 967-4 978-8 989-5 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 0-8 0-8 -0-3 0-5 Wet bulb -0-6 0-5 0-6 Remarks mod. WNW swell heavy conf. swell heavy conf. S swell heavy conf. swell R.R.S. Discovery II 521-523 Station c o o o ^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P,0- TIME be < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S 7,-., at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 521 8 -0-68 33-86 27-24 8-05 78 _ N50V 1 00-0 0909 10 — 0-70 33-86 27-24 8-04 75 — N70 V 50-0 20 -075 33-86 27-24 8-04 75 — ,> 100-50 30 -078 33-86 27-24 8-04 73 — ,, 250-100 40 -o-8o 33-86 27-24 8-04 77 — ,, 500-250 50 - 0-82 33-86 27-24 8-04 78 — ,, 750-500 60 - 1 -08 33-87 27-26 8-01 81 — ,, 1000-750 — 103 1 80 - I-3I 34-06 27-42 7-97 89 — N70B ! 164-0 1200 1220 KT 100 - 1-17 34-14 27-48 7-95 93 — N 100 B 1 ^ 150 070 34-34 27-56 7-88 103 — N 100 B 420- 1 64 1200 1230 DGP 200 I -08 34-43 27-60 7-86 104 300 178 34-57 27-67 7-84 108 400 1-85 34-60 27-68 7-86 112 600 1-87 34-68 27-75 7-90 109 800 174 3472 27-79 7-91 109 1000 1-34 34-72 27-82 7-97 107 1500 0-92 34-70 27-83 7-97 106 2000 0-6 1 34-70 27-85 7-98 106 2500 0-30 34-69 27-S6 8-00 106 3000 0-22 34-68 27-86 7-99 107 522 8 - 0-20 33-S9 27-24 8-08 79 7-88 N50 V 1 00-0 1549 10 - 0-21 33-89 27-24 8-o8 79 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-23 33-89 27-24 8-07 79 7-93 »> 100-50 30 -0-28 33-89 27-25 8-08 83 — »» 250-100 40 -0-38 33-89 27-25 8-07 83 7-87 M 500-250 50 -0-44 33-93 27-28 8-04 83 — ,, 750-500 60 -071 33-95 27-31 8-02 95 7-78 ,, 1000-750 — 171I 80 -0-98 33-98 27-35 8-00 100 — N7OB 9S-0 1937 1957 KT. N 70 net torn, catch lost 100 — i-oi 34-05 27-40 7-96 108 7-07 N 100 B 1 • 150 — 0-02 34-23 27-50 7-91 114 — Nioo B 300-95 1937 2006 DGP 200 0-57 34-31 27-54 7-90 i'4 5-43 300 1-50 34-44 27-58 7-86 116 400 2'00 34-56 27-64 7-85 118 4-31 600 1-96 34-66 27-72 7-97 117 Soo 1-90 34-69 27-75 8-01 114 3-66 1000 178 34-70 27-77 8-02 117 ' 1500 1-33 34-70 27-80 7-98 112 4-13 2000 0-93 34-70 27-83 8-02 114 2500 0-58 34-69 27-85 8-01 114 4-01 3000 0-29 34-69 27-86 8-02 114 3500 0-09 34-69 27-87 8-02 113 4-72 523 9 - 0-30 33-88 27-24 8-07 82 — N50 V 1 00-0 0445 10 -0-30 33-88 27-24 8-07 82 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-30 33-88 27-24 S-07 82 — 100-50 30 — 0-30 33-88 27-24 8-07 82 — J) 250-100 40 - 0-30 33-89 27-25 8-07 82 — n 500-250 5° -0-33 33-89 27-25 8-05 8i — >» 750-500 60 — 0-62 33-94 27-30 8-03 85 — ■>■) 1000-750 0625 80 100 — 0-92 ^0-98 33-98 34-05 27-34 27-40 8-00 7-96 97 lOI N70B N 100 B J- 157-0 0413 0433 KT 150 — 0-40 34-14 27-45 7-91 123 200 0-69 34-31 27-53 7-87 122 300 1-56 34-44 27-58 7-85 124 400 i-8i 34-53 27-63 7-85 124 600 2-00 34-62 27-69 7-92 120 800 1-92 34-68 27-74 7-97 122 1000 1-84 34-69 2776 7-97 114 1500 1-40 34-70 27-80 7-97 III 2000 0-92 34-69 27-82 8-00 115 2500 0-53 34-69 27-85 7-98 117 109 524-534 R.R.S. Discovery U Station 524 525 526 527 528 Position 54°55rs,37°25r\V 54°36i'S,37°23i'W Date 1930 29 xi 29: 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 54° 09I' S, 34° 29V w 55° 33' S, 30° IS' W Ho "37 1450 11 xu 12 xii 529 55°iii'S, 3i°39'W 13 xii 530 531 532 533 534 Sounding (metres) 155' 1724 2213 2119 55° 32i' S, 33° 14' W 57° 27' S, 34° 25' W 58° 29' s, 37° 44' w 59° 36' S, 42° 34' W 60° 08' S, 47° 53' W 13x11 14 Xll 15x11 16 xii WIND Direction NW NWxN t o 15 10 4385' 2135 2125 2140 1140 2136 NNE WNW S SEA Direction conf. NWxN fc 2-3 3140 4133' 2623'" NNW N N S :< E NNE WNW Weather OS 993-5 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb o-o 995-3 c. f. b.c. o.f. 26 23 17 NNW N 999-1 1005-4 IO00-2 0-5 Wet bulb 0-5 Remarks slight conf. swell mod. conf. swell 1-2 S X E SSW 13 SSW o. f. e. o.f. o.p.q. r. s. o.f. o. p. s. 1003-6 991-9 969-4 0-5 0-2 0-8 fO 982-4 988-6 996-6 mod. conf. N swell mod. NW swell no swell - 1-4 2-5 - 1-8 0-5 — 2-0 -3-0 -2-6 mod. W swell mod. W swell in lee of pack-ice heavy conf. swell slight S swell mod. SWswell 110 R.R.S. Discovery II 524-534 c § < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Station Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7,:.o at pH P205 mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 524 9 0-00 33-88 27-22 8- 1 3 75 8-41 N50 V 1 00-0 1 145 10 - 0-09 33-87 27-22 8-13 75 — N70V 50-0 20 - o-io 33-87 27-22 8-13 75 8-57 )> 100-50 30 - O-IO 33-87 27-22 8-13 75 — n 150-100 — I2IO 40 50 - O-IO — 0-20 33-87 33-87 27-22 27-23 8-13 8-II 75 81 8-39 N70B NiooB 1 II 7-0 1225 1245 KT 60 - 0-40 33-90 27-26 8-06 88 8-01 80 - 0-70 33-95 27-31 8-01 104 100 -o-8o 33-98 27-34 7-97 1 12 7-41 150 - O-OQ 34-07 27-38 7-91 132 6-39 525 9 0-39 33-83 27-16 8-20 68 — N50V 1 00-0 1450 . 10 0-32 33-82 27-16 8-20 68 — N70V 50-0 20 0-15 33-82 27-17 8-20 70 — »> 100-50 — 1518 30 40 0-13 0-13 33-83 33-83 27-18 27-18 8-17 8-17 70 71 — N70B N 100 B 1 1 0-0 1533 1553 KT 50 0-12 33-83 27-18 8-17 70 60 0-02 33-86 27-19 8-12 77 80 - o-6o 33-90 27-27 7-99 104 100 -0-59 33-96 27-31 7-97 112 150 — 0-42 34-01 27-35 7-95 526 20 2-22 33-67 26-91 — — — N50 V 1 00-0 1727 1737 527 22 0-35 33-87 27-20 — — — N450H 122 (-0) 2225 2255 KT 528 22 10 -1-46 -1-47 33-79 33-79 27-21 27-21 z 95 96 — N70B N 100 B } 173^ 2125 2145 KT 20 ~ 1-48 33-79 27-21 — 96 — N50V 1 00-0 2150 2200 30 - 1-49 33-79 27-21 — 96 40 -1-59 33-84 27-25 — 96 50 - 1-64 33-92 27-32 — 96 60 - 1-66 33-96 27-35 — 97 80 — I -60 34-08 27-45 — 103 100 - 1-29 34-14 27-49 — 114 150 o-ii 34-45 27-68 — 121 200 0-69 34-57 27-74 — 123 529 23 - 0-65 33-69 27-10 — TYFV N50 V 500-0 1000-500 1 00-0 III7 II35 1227 I 145 530 24 -0-95 33-8o 27-20 — N70B NiooB N 100 B 1 168-0 450-168 2152 2152 2212 2223 KT DGP 531 24 — 0-90 33-69 27-11 — N70B N 100 B N50 V 164-0 1 00-0 2137 2208 2157 2215 KT 532 25 — 1-20 33-71 27-14 ' — - — N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 [ 150-0 2139 2202 2150 2222 KT 533 26 0-15 33-98 27-30 — - — N70B N 100 B N50V 165-0 1 00-0 2150 2215 2210 2220 KT. +3 hours G.M.T. 534 27 0-15 34-09 27-38 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 f 172-0 2138 2155 2147 2215 KT Ill 535 539 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 535 536 537 538 539 Position 6o°i3i'S,so°5iJ'W 6o°43'S,52°29i'W 6i° 07J' S, 54° 26' W 6i°29'S,54°44i'W 6i^48'S,54°5ii'W Date 1930 iSxii iSxii 19 Xll 19 Xll 19 Xll Hour 103s 2130 0437 1004 1440 Sounding (metres) 1633* 1086* 1487* 1352' WIND Direction ENE ENE ESE c 20 19 SEA Direction ENE ESE Weather b.v. O 3 u • — 998-3 100 I -o 999-9 987-6 1004-2 Air Temp. ° C. Drv bulb 0-5 2-1 1-4 Wet bulb i-o i-S — 2-0 Remarks alongside tabular berg; slight NW swell slight NW swell heavy conf. swell mod. E swell slight ESE swell 112 R.R.S. Discovery II 535-539 Station c o o ^ HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks PoOr TIME 0-3 < Depth (metres) Temp. °c. S 7o, at pH mgm. p.m.^ cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 535 28 0-65 34-33 27-55 — — — NH N70B NiooB } 155-0 1030 1037 ■115 ■057 KT 536 28 — 0-30 34-42 27-67 — — N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 ■ 122-0 2134 2149 2140 2209 KT 537 28 0-0 I 34-32 27-58 7-96 139 — N50 V 1 00-0 0440 10 — 0-02 34-32 27-58 7-96 136 — N70V 50-0 20 — 0-04 34-32 27-58 7-96 133 — 100-50 30 - 0-04 34-32 27-58 7-96 131 — 250-100 40 — 0-07 34-33 27-59 7-96 131 — 500-250 SO -o-o8 34-33 27-59 7-96 131 — 750-500 60 - O-II 34-34 27-60 7-96 131 — 1000-750 — 0634 80 - 0-22 34-34 27-61 7-95 129 — N70B ■ 137-0 0645 0705 KT 100 -0-38 34-36 27-63 7-95 130 — N 100 B 1 -^^ 15° -0-51 34-42 27-68 7-95 136 200 -0-52 34-43 27-69 7-95 140 300 -072 34-44 27-71 7-93 126 400 -0-82 34-50 27-76 7-94 127 600 - 073 34-51 27-77 7-99 139 800 — 0-76 34-52 27-77 8-01 140 1000 -0-73 34-52 27-77 8-00 140 538 29 -0-25 34-24 27-53 8-00 114 7-67 N50 V 1 00-0 1003 10 -0-25 34-24 27-53 8-00 114 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-32 34-24 27-53 8-00 117 7-60 100-50 30 — 0-46 34-24 27-54 7-99 125 — 250-100 40 -0-48 34-25 27-55 7-98 123 7-50 500-250 50 — 0-50 34-25 27-55 7-97 128 — 750-500 60 — o-6o 34-29 27-58 7-96 129 7-37 1000-750 — 1203 80 100 -0-43 -0-51 34-30 34-30 27-58 27-59 7-96 7-96 127 127 7-22 N70B NiooB 1 137-0 1214 1234 KT 150 -0-89 34-32 27-62 7-94 127 200 -0-83 34-42 27-70 7-92 132 6-22 300 -0-83 34-49 27-75 7-88 136 400 - 079 34-56 27-81 7-92 136 S-8o 600 — 1-04 34-58 27-83 7-96 136 5-92 800 — I-I2 34-60 27-85 7-97 136 5-94 1000 — 1-26 34-60 27-86 7-98 136 5-98 1250 - 1-33 — 7-97 137 6-04 539 29 — 0-30 34-32 27-59 7-96 124 — N50V 1 00-0 1445 10 -0-32 34-32 27-59 7-96 124 — N70V 50-0 20 - 0-32 34-32 27-59 7-96 121 — 100-50 30 — 0-40 34-33 27-60 7-96 121 — 250-100 40 -0-4S 34-33 27-61 7-96 118 — 500-250 50 — 0-50 34-33 27-61 7-96 118 — 750-500 60 -0-57 34-34 27-62 7-96 121 — 1000-750 — 1652 80 - o-6o 34-36 27-64 7-96 121 — N70B 1 137^ 1700 1720 KT 100 -0-68 34-38 27-66 7-96 121 — N 100 B 150 -071 34-38 27-66 7-95 122 200 -077 34-52 27-77 7-91 129 300 - 0-92 34-53 27-79 7-88 132 400 - I-IO 34-57 27-83 7-90 133 600 — 1-22 34-61 27-87 7-94 136 800 - 1-25 34-61 27-87 7-97 136 1000 - 1-31 34-61 27-87 7-97 136 1250 - 1-32 34-61 27-87 8-00 136 113 15 540-543 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 540 541 542 Position 62° o6i' S, 55° o8V W 62° 22' S, 55° 23' W 62° 08' S, 57° 28V w 543 Date 1930 19 xii 19-20 xii 20 xu 62° 16' S, 57° 20' W Hour 1920 2300 0700 Sounding (metres) 510' 298* 1571' WIND Direction SE >c E SE SE 12 II 20 XII 1029 ESE SEA Direction SE X E SE SE 16 ESE Weather o. y m- 1007-4 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bul'b 1-6 1009-9 1013-3 1013-9 2-0 Wet bulb 2-8 2-4 1-3 2-5 Remarks mod. conf. E swell slight conf. swell in lee of ice mod. NE swell 2-2 mod. conf. E swell 114 R.R.S. Discovery 11 540-543 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p n TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S 7o:, at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 540 29 -0-48 34-36 27-63 8-00 120 7-17 N50V 100-0 1926 10 -0-51 34-36 27-63 8-00 120 — N70V 50-0 20 — o-6o 34-40 27-67 7-99 120 7-04 >i 100-50 30 -o-8i 34-43 27-70 7-98 119 — )) 250-100 40 -0-84 34-43 27-70 7-97 124 6-72 i< 500-250 — 2010 SO -0-86 34-47 27-74 7-94 129 — N70B j- 155-0 2041 2101 KT 60 -0-77 34-52 27-77 7-93 131 5-90 NiooB 80 -0-78 34-52 27-77 7-93 126 100 ~o-79 34-55 27-80 7-92 126 s-82 150 -o-8o 34-57 27-82 7-92 126 200 -0-85 34-57 27-82 7-92 133 5-73 300 — i-oo 34-58 27-83 7-92 119 400 -o-8o 34-61 27-85 7-92 114 5-65 500 — 0-67 34-62 27-85 7-91 123 5-53 541 29 -0-85 34-53 27-79 8-00 III — N50V 1 00-0 2248 10 -0-85 34-54 27-79 8-00 III — N70V 50-0 20 -0-86 34-54 27-79 7-99 III — >> 100-50 30 -0-85 34-54 27-79 7-99 114 — )> 250- I DO — 2320 40 -0-87 34-54 27-79 7-98 115 — N70B 1 108-0 2352 0012 KT 50 - 0-92 34-54 27-80 7-97 115 — NiooB ) 60 -0-99 34-54 27-80 7-97 120 80 -1-05 34-55 27-81 7-96 119 100 — I -06 34-56 27-82 7-95 119 15° — 1-09 34-56 27-82 7-95 115 200 — 1-09 34-56 27-82 7-94 120 250 — i-io 34-56 27-82 7-94 127 542 -0-17 34-13 27-43 8-01 137 — N50V 1 00-0 0700 10 — 0-12 34-13 27-43 8-01 131 — N70V 50-0 20 " 0-20 34-18 27-48 8-01 131 — >> 100-50 30 - 0-20 34-19 27-48 8-00 133 — „ 250-100 40 — 0-20 34-19 27-48 8-00 133 — ») 500-250 50 - 0-20 34-19 27-48 8-00 132 — »» 750-500 60 — 0-22 34-19 27-48 7-98 135 — ,, 1000-750 — 0845 80 "O-44 34-22 27-52 7-97 135 — N70B } 155-0 0858 0918 KT 100 -0-51 34-26 27-55 7-96 140 — NiooB 150 -0-48 34-38 27-65 7-95 141 200 -0-28 34-44 27-69 7-92 139 300 0-00 34-55 27-76 7-90 137 400 — 0-69 34-58 27-82 7-93 142 600 — 1-20 34-60 27-86 7-97 144 800 -1-40 34-60 27-86 7-98 145 1000 -I-4S 34-60 27-86 8-01 147 1500 — 1-69 34-66 27-92 8-04 141 543 I 0-30 34-21 27-47 8-02 115 7-62 N50V 1 00-0 1034 ID 0-24 34-21 27-48 8-02 118 — N70V 50-0 20 0-19 34-21 27-48 8-02 1x8 7-65 100-50 30 0-09 34-21 27-49 8-01 118 — 250-100 40 -0-25 34-23 27-52 7-98 119 7-32 500-250 50 -0-34 34-24 27-53 7-98 120 — 750-500 60 — 0-40 34-27 27-56 7-97 122 7-37 1000-750 — 1155 80 -0-49 34-31 27-59 7-96 129 — N70B 1 178-0 1205 1225 KT 100 -o-8i 34-37 27-65 7-94 129 6-87 N 100 B 150 -o-8o 34-48 27-74 7-91 125 200 -0-99 34-53 27-79 7-90 129 6-09 300 - i-o8 34-56 27-82 7-92 128 400 -I-I7 34-57 27-83 7-95 128 6-03 600 -1-34 34-63 27-88 7-97 132 6-04 800 -1-58 34-63 27-89 7-98 132 6-26 1000 -1-65 34-64 27-90 8-00 132 6-33 1500 - 1-72 34-65 27-91 8-06 132 6-43 115 544-549 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 544 545 Position 62° 261' S, 57° I si' W 62° 37' S, 57° i2i' W 546 62° 461-' S. 57° I li' W 20 xii 547 548 549 62° 59i' S, 57° 03' W 62° 36I' S, 58° 58' W 63° oof S, 61° 16I' W Date 1930 20 xii 20 Xll Hot 1328 1628 20 Xll 21 Xll 21-22 xii 1916 Sounding (metres) 2230 0830 2340 1094' 607* 518* 77' WIND Direction 1489* 304 E X S ESE ESE c o o c wsw E X N sw 16 12 SEA Direction E X S ESE ESE E > N Weather h.c. b. c. V. b. V. O-I b. V. fQ- 1016-4 1016-8 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 1-3 b. c. V. iois-4 ioi8-6 1017-3 1017-8 Wet bulb 3-0 2-5 1-8 2-0 0-5 0-4 Remarks slight conf. swell slight NE swell 3-2 1-9 slight NNE swell V. slight NE swell V. slight SW swell 116 R.R.S. Discovery II 544-549 Station c _ < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. S "/oo at pH P2O5 mgni. p.m.^ 0, cc. p.I. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 544 I - o-o8 34-28 27-55 8-00 106 N50 V 1 00-0 1333 10 - o-ii 34-28 27-55 8-00 103 — N70 V 50-0 20 — 0-22 34-28 27-56 8-00 104 — n 100-50 3° -0-33 34-28 27-56 7-99 108 — ,, 250-100 40 0-38 34-28 27-56 7-99 108 — ,, 500-250 KO - 0-40 34-28 27-57 7-99 109 — ,, 750-500 60 -0-51 34-28 27-57 7-98 III — )» 1000-750 — 1454 80 — o-6o 34-29 27-58 7-97 114 — N70B i- 180-0 1505 1525 KT 100 -072 34-30 27-59 7-96 115 — N 100 B ) 150 — I-IO 34-40 27-69 7-94 119 200 — 0-92 34-50 27-76 7-92 129 300 - 0-92 34-58 27-83 7-91 129 400 — I-I2 34-60 27-85 7-93 129 600 -1-52 34-60 27-87 7-97 129 800 - i-6i 34-61 27-88 7-99 132 1000 -1-63 34-64 27-90 7-98 132 545 I — 0-03 34-26 27-53 8-02 121 7-74 N50 V 1 00-0 1630 10 -o-o8 34-26 27-53 8-02 116 — N70V 50-0 20 -o-iS 34-28 27-55 8-01 115 7-73 ,, 100-50 30 ~ 0-22 34-30 27-57 8-00 117 — >» 250-100 40 — 0-40 34-31 27-59 7-99 117 7-47 „ 550-250 — 1713 5° 60 "0-53 — o-6o 34-31 34-32 27-60 27-61 7-98 7-97 117 118 7-32 N70B NiooB 1 132-0 1753 1813 KT 80 — 0-91 34-35 27-64 7-95 120 100 -1-03 34-45 27-73 7-92 124 6-44 15° -0-75 34-48 27-74 7-92 128 200 -' 0-92 34-54 27-80 7-92 122 5-99 300 -1-13 34-56 27-82 7-94 122 400 ~ I-I2 34-58 27-84 7-95 127 5-93 500 - 1-04 34-59 27-84 7-96 127 5-92 546 I - o-6o 34-51 27-76 7-97 no — N50V 1 00-0 1919 ID -078 34-51 27-77 7-97 114 — N70V 50-0 20 -079 34-51 27-77 7-97 119 — ,, 100-50 30 -o-8o 34-51 27-77 7-96 119 — i» 250-100 40 -0-82 34-51 27-77 7-96 119 — ,, 500-250 — 2000 50 60 -0-85 -0-93 34-51 34-51 27-77 27-77 7-96 7-96 120 120 — N70B N 100 B [ 164-0 2035 2055 KT 80 -0-99 34-51 27-78 7-96 120 100 - i-oi 34-51 27-78 7-96 120 15° - I -06 34-51 27-78 7-96 119 200 — i-ii 34-52 27-79 7-95 119 300 - 1-20 34-53 27-80 7-95 122 400 - I-2I 34-54 27-81 7-95 123 500 - I -08 34-59 27-84 7-95 127 547 I - 1-02 34-53 27-79 7-97 119 6-89 N50V 80-0 2230 10 I -00 34-53 27-79 7-96 119 — N70V 75-0 — 2245 20 30 - I -00 — i-oo 34-53 34-53 27-79 27-79 7-96 7-96 119 122 6-92 N70B N 100 B 1 37-0 2316 2336 KT 40 - I-OO 34-53 27-79 7-96 123 6-91 SO - I-OO 34-54 27-80 7-96 122 60 - I-OO 34-55 27-81 7-96 119 6-93 70 — I-OO 34-55 27-81 7-96 119 548 I 0-45 34-18 27-44 — — — N70B N 100 B - 102-0 0835 0855 KT 549 2 0-41 34-09 27-37 8-02 106 7-44 N50 V 1 00-0 2344 10 0-12 34-09 27-39 8-01 108 — N70 V 50-0 20 o-io 34-12 27-41 8-01 108 7-54 " 100-50 117 549-553 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 549 colli. 550 551 552 553 Position 63° oof S, 61° i6i' W 63°o8|'S, 6i°o5|' W 63° lyi' S, 60° 551' W 63° 26i' S, 60° 45' W 63°33rS,6o°33l'W Date 1930 21-22 xii 22 xu 22 Xll Hour 0207 0457 0733 0949 Sounding (metres) 1266* 454' 302' 847* WIND Direction WSW WSW w >, s w 1- o ,0 c 15 SEA Direction WSW WSW W X S W h Weather b.v. b. c. 1016-3 1015-8 lOIs-O Air Temp. ' C. Dry bulb 0-8 0-4 0-2 0-3 Wet bulb 1-2 1-8 0-8 0-8 Remarks slight N swell slight SW swell slight W swell slight W swell 118 R.R.S. Discovery II 549-553 Station St/} O -O HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7c at pH mgrn. p.m.' cc. p. 1. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To Remarks 549 coat. 550 551 552 553 3° 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 0-19 0-42 0-52 o-6o 0-63 0-66 0-50 0-46 0-04 0-79 0-25 0-I2 ■ 0-22 0-13 -0-17 0-l8 - 0-20 - 0-22 -0-68 0-28 o-o8 0-50 0-29 -o-i8 -o-8i 0-91 0-87 0-68 0-32 0-13 - 0-07 0-09 -0-25 0-13 -0-35 - 0-12 -o-8o -0-95 0-72 0-72 0-72 0-21 o-o8 o-o6 - o-oi - 0-20 -0-31 -0-45 - 0-40 - 0-42 0-85 0-89 0-85 0-57 0-21 0-03 - 0-09 - o-io 34-14 34-15 34-22 34-24 34-30 34-32 34-36 34-41 34-50 34-04 34-03 34-04 34-05 34-09 34-10 34-14 34-17 34-21 34-30 34-39 34-50 34-63 34-64 34-64 34-63 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-14 34-23 34-26 34-29 34-34 34-41 34-45 34-51 34-51 34-56 34-14 34-14 34-14 34-23 34-23 34-30 34-31 34-39 34-44 34-49 34-57 34-58 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-25 34-31 34-32 27-44 27-46 27-52 27-54 27-59 27-61 27-63 27-67 27-72 27-31 27-33 27-36 27-37 27-40 27-41 27-44 27-47 27-50 27-59 27-65 27-72 27-80 27-82 27-85 27-87 27-37 27-37 27-38 27-42 27-50 27-53 27-56 27-61 27-66 27-70 27-74 27-77 27-82' 27-39 27-39 27-39 27-49 27-50 27-56 27-57 27-64 27-69 27-74 27-80 27-81 27-42 27-42 27-42 27-44 27-45 27-52 27-57 27-58 7-99 7-97 7-97 7-96 7-95 7-92 7-92 7-91 7-92 8-03 8-02 8-01 7-98 7-98 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-95 7-91 7-88 7-88 7-95 7-97 7-99 8-02 8-02 8-01 7-99 7-97 7-95 7-95 7-91 7-88 7-88 7-87 7-89 7-90 8-02 8-02 8-02 7-98 7-96 7-96 7-95 7-92 7-90 7-89 7-88 7-88 8-02 8-02 8-01 8-01 7-98 7-96 7-96 7-96 109 112 120 120 123 120 117 118 123 100 103 106 III 114 115 115 118 117 118 123 118 123 128 128 136 100 100 100 103 109 116 119 121 124 122 119 128 127 108 108 106 109 116 116 118 119 119 120 123 128 no 109 109 109 109 III 114 114 7-10 6-81 6-36 5-8i 5-28 7-48 7-49 6-72 6-36 5-65 5-38 6-09 7-56 7-57 6-99 6-75 N70V N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V N70B NiooB 290-100 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [ 150-0 100-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 430-250 151-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 130-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 116-0 0047 0015 0107 KT 0337 0324 0357 KT 0500 0612 0540 0632 0736 0826 0942 0801 0846 1051 1121 KT KT KT 119 553-561 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction C o o c SEA Direction Weather 4^ U Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 553 cont. 63°33rS,6o°33.rw 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 62° 55' S, 62° 13' W 63° 17!' S, 61° 19I' w 64° i6i'S, 63°58J'W 64° 26I' S, 65° 40' W 65° 31' 8,67° 071' W 66° 2i|' S, 68° 554' W 66° 47i' S, 69° 19' W 66° 47I' S, 72° 09I' W 1930 22 xii 22 XU 28 xii 2243 1000 29 Xll 1030 860* 1042' 494' 538* wsw w SWx W sw 16 II wsw w sw X W sw 29 XII 2120 216 c. S. gn. M. SSE SSE 30x11 30x11 1400 479 335 c. S. gn. M. SW X S WSW sw X S 31 XU 0948 666* SSW SSW h.< b.c. b.c. 1013-2 980-0 979-9 987-2 -0-4 0-8 0-4 0-5 0-5 1-6 990-8 1-5 2-0 988-8 998- 1-8 -2-6 2-8 3-5 993-3 3-2 37 slight SW swell mod . W swell mod. WSW swell heavy W swell mod. conf. swell close to pack-ice mod. WSW swell mod. W swell close to pack-ice mod. W swell near pack-ice 120 R .R.S . Discovery 11 553-561 Station c o o s-? < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. •^ loo at pH P=o, mgm. p.m.^ Oo cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 553 100 — 0-40 34-42 27-68 7-92 119 6-37 cont. 150 200 300 400 600 800 -0-41 -0-68 -0-59 — 0-70 - 0-90 -0-97 34-48 34-49 34-55 34-58 34-59 34-59 27-73 27-75 27-79 27-82 27-84 27-84 7-89 7-87 7-92 7-93 7-97 7-97 122 120 127 127 126 125 6-12 s-76 5-91 5-87 554 3 0-95 34-11 27-35 — — — N70B N 100 B 1 124^ 2250 2310 KT 555 8 0-88 34-02 27-29 — — — N70B NiooB N50V 1 146-0 1 00-0 lOIO 1034 1030 1042 KT 556 9 1-42 33-84 27-1 I " N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 180-0 2200 2226 2215 2246 KT 557 9 - 1-31 32-54 26-19 8-07 103 - — - N50 V 1 00-0 1030 1050 5 10 - 1-30 -0-98 32-56 32-74 26-21 26-34 8-07 8-05 103 104 N70B NiooB - IIO-O III4 1134 KT 15 0-23 33-54 26-94 8-05 104 20 -0-57 33-76 27-15 8-05 103 25 — 0-62 33-82 27-20 8-01 106 30 — 1-09 33-86 27-25 7-99 HI 40 -1-3° 33-89 27-28 7-97 112 5° - 1-40 33-91 27-30 7-97 IIS 558 10 - 0-92 32-86 26-44 8-06 102 8-04 N50 V 1 00-0 2123 10 - i-oo 32-86 26-44 8-05 102 — N70V 50-0 20 -1-30 33-35 26-84 8-02 102 7-71 n 100-50 30 -1-50 33-76 27-18 7-98 109 — »> 200-100 — 2150 40 50 - 1-52 -1-56 33-86 33-92 27-27 27-31 7-98 7-97 114 109 7-14 N70B N 100 B 1 146^ 2225 2245 KT 60 -1-53 33-96 27-35 7-95 112 6-78 80 - 1-49 34-00 27-38 7-95 121 100 - 1-28 34-16 27-50 7-92 129 6-26 150 ■-0-55 34-31 27-59 7-88 140 200 -0-31 34-36 27-62 7-87 140 5-36 559 10 — N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 j 1 13-0 1005 1025 1015 104s KT 560 10 - 0-69 32-94 26-49 8-o6 93 7-85 N50 V 1 00-0 1403 10 -0-82 32-96 26-52 8-o6 97 — N70 V 50-0 20 - 1-49 33-85 27-26 8-04 114 7-10 >> 100-50 3° -1-70 33-90 27-30 8-00 115 — J» 250-100 — 1430 40 50 - 1-70 -1-75 33-91 33-93 27-31 27-33 7-99 7-98 115 122 6-93 N70B NiooB j- I5S-0 1508 1528 KT 60 -1-72 34-00 27-38 7-96 116 6-82 80 — 1-69 34-07 27-44 7-96 128 100 -1-47 34-17 27-52 7-94 118 6-42 150 — 0-60 34-36 27-64 7-90 110 - 200 o-i6 34-51 27-72 7-90 122 4-93 300 0-92 34-65 27-79 7-87 125 4-46 561 II -1-35 33-57 27-03 N50V N70B NiooB 1 00-0 1 137-0 0950 1007 0957 1027 KT 121 16 562-577 R.R.S. Discovery II Sounding (metres) WIND SEA Air Temp. °C. Station Position Date Hour Direction Direction u Weather Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 562 67° 15A' S, 75° 27' W 1930 31 xii 2228 3361* SE 6 SE I 0. p. S. 986-4 -2-8 -2-8 mod.W swell; open lead in loose pack 563 66° 58-I' S, 79° 32^ W 1931 I i 1015 3875* SW X S 25 SW ;< S 3 0. 987-3 -4-3 -4-8 mod. SW swell 564 67° loi' S, 80° S3' W I i 2200 — wsw 6 WSW I 0. 987-3 -3-5 -4-3 slight SE X S swell near pack-ice 565 67° 20' S, 82° 10' W 2 i lOIO 4303* SE 19 SE 3 c. 1002-2 -2-3 -2-3 mod. conf. SW swell 566 66° 23' S, 85° 28i' W 2 i 2200 4495-* — 0-2 — b.c. 1003-9 -0-7 — 2-0 mod. conf. SSW swell 567 66° 45' 8,89° 24' W 3 I0I2 4428* NWxN 20 NWxN 4 0. 998-5 — o-i — 0-2 mod. W swell 568 67° 48I' S, 92° 42i' W 31 2203 4556* ^\' 18 W 3 0. 993-5 -0-8 - 1-4 mod. W swell 569 68° 40V S, 96° 21' W 41 1042 4449* — O-I — 0. 990-4 2-1 1-3 slight SW swell near pack-ice 570 69° 07i' S, 99° 49I' W 41 2150 4451* E X N 6 E X N I 0. 999-7 -2-4 -3-4 near pack-ice 571 69° i2i' S, 100° 39i-' W 51 0915 4422* E X S 6 — 0. 991-7 -2-6 -39 open lead in pack-ice 572 69° 16' S, ioi°o7|' W 6i 2024 4181* SE X E 22 SE X E 2 0. 981-3 — 2-0 -3-2 slight conf. swell ; open lead in 573 68°o5f'S, 98°i3i'W 71 I0I2 4598* SE >: S 20 SE X S 4 0. 974-2 -2-8 -3-5 pack-ice mod. SE swell 574 67° 43' S, 94° i8i' W 71 2210 4449* SW X W 20 SW X W 4 0. 972-8 -1-7 -2-7 mod. conf. swell near pack-ice 575 67°53i'S,9i°23'W 8i 1002 4142* W :■ S 14 W X S 0. p. s. 976-2 - 1-4 — 2-0 mod.NW s\\ell near loose pack-ice 576 67°5o'S, 89°i2|'W 8i 2133 4069* NW .: N 8 I 0. 983-4 - 1-2 — 2-0 slight SExS swell; in open lead in pack- ice, near large 577 68° o6i' S, 85° 10' W 9' 1000 3926* ^v 13 W '> b. 990-7 0-8 -0-4 berg slight W swell 122 R.R.S. Discovery II 562-577 Station o _^ *^ >. O T3 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 H ■4 i6 1 6 17 18 19 19 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 20 Temp. °C. 0-62 0-52 0-82 0-20 0-95 0-40 0-25 •50 -0-68 S "I. 0-02 -0-68 1-47 - i-is 0-20 33-26 33-57 33-29 33-91 33-80 33-91 33-68 32-94 33-10 32-95 32-94 33-48 33-71 33-37 33-35 33-30 26-75 27-00 26-78 27-24 27-1 27-23 27-05 26-52 26-62 26-52 26-51 26-90 27-12 26-87 26-84 26-76 pH nigm . p.m.^ O, cc. p. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B NiooB N50 V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B NiooB N50 V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B NiooB N50 V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 1 00-0 1 13-0 180-0 450-180 1 00-0 124-0 1 00-0 1 19-0 1 00-0 182^ 140-0 1 00-0 177-0 1 00-0 137-0 1 00-0 132-0 1 00-0 182-0 1 00-0 96-0 100 -o 174-0 1 00-0 120-0 1 00-0 97^ 1 00-0 132-0 1 00-0 1 14-0 TIME From To 2226 2245 "IS III5 2202 2216 lOIO 1026 2201 2218 IO18 1033 2206 2225 1038 2152 0919 0941 2023 2040 lOIO 1030 2208 2224 1000 102 r 2130 2155 1004 1019 2234 2305 1 140 1150 2209 2236 1017 1046 2210 2238 1025 1053 2213 2245 1045 1 120 2159 2230 0927 0959 2030 2100 1020 1050 2216 2244 lOI I 1041 2139 2215 lOIO 1039 Remarks KT DGP KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT 123 578-586 Station 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 Position 67° 54' S, 81° 26I-' w 66°4i|'S, 79°io'W 67° 411' S, 75° 56*' w 67° 46' S, 74° 50' W 66° 58!' S, 72° 24' W 67° 181' S, 69° 53' W 67° 261' 8,69° 351' W 67°o8i'S, 7o°i5i'W 66° 49' S, 70° 50' W R.R.S. Discovery 11 Date 1931 91 12 I 131 131 Hour 2157 2205 2018 lOIO 2158 0000 0345 0801 Sounding (metres) 3883^ 4056* 3215' 2677* 404' 530' 284* 585* 497' WIND Direction W X S S X E S ;■: W SSW SSE W 1- o 13 12 SEA Direction W X S S X E S X W sw SSE w Weather b.c. b.C. b. o. m. b.c. b.c. 998-0 1000-3 998-7 983-4 998-3 998-3 998-1 Air Temp. C. Dry bulb 0-2 0-0 1-5 4-0 1-5 998-5 999-6 3-5 -2-6 Wet bulb 1-5 0-3 1-7 4-0 4-5 3-0 Remarks mod. NNW swell near pack-ice mod. WNW swell mod. NNW swell slight NNW swell in lead in pack-ice slight NW swell slight S swell slight conf. swell 3 miles from edge of pack-ice veil slight conf. WNW swell near numer- ous ice-bergs 124 R.R.S. Discovery II 578-586 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks p TIME 0-0 < Depth (metres) Temp. S 7., at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 578 21 — I -20 33-21 26-73 — — N50V N70B NiooB 1 00-0 - 128-0 2200 2215 2207 2235 KT 579 21 -0-25 33-12 26-62 — — — NsoV N70B NiooB 1 00-0 - 180-0 1003 IOI9 lOIO 1039 KT 580 22 - o-io 33-24 26-71 — — — NsoV N70B NiooB 1 00-0 - 128-0 2202 2221 2210 2241 KT 581 -■, -1-32 33-08 26-63 — — — NsoV N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 109-0 2015 2047 2025 2107 KT 582 23 ^0-15 33-37 26-82 — — — NsoV N70B NiooB 1 00-0 1 128-0 lOIO 1030 IO18 1050 KT 583 -4 — 0-19 33-IO 26-60 — — NsoV N70B NiooB 1 00-0 1 139-0 2200 2218 2207 2238 KT 584 24 -072 33-17 26-68 8-i6 78 8-18 NsoV 1 00-0 0004 10 -0-75 33-17 26-68 8-13 82 — N70V 50-0 20 -0-73 33-21 26-71 8-13 89 8-02 »» 100-50 30 — I -60 33-59 27-05 8-06 88 — >> 250-100 0036 40 -1-74 33-98 27-37 7-99 III 6-74 N70B 1 165-0 0104 0124 KT 50 -1-74 34-02 27-40 7-97 112 — NiooB 60 -1-75 34-02 27-40 7-98 114 6-56 80 ~ 1-71 34-09 27-46 7-98 116 100 -1-55 34-13 27-49 7-97 117 6-32 150 -0-87 34-28 27-58 7-96 121 200 o-o6 34-49 27-71 7-93 129 4-94 275 0-84 34-65 27-80 7-91 130 4-47 585 24 " 070 33-21 26-71 8-13 83 8-04 NsoV 1 00-0 0346 10 — i-io 33-33 26-82 8-12 86 — N70V 50-0 20 - 1-44 33-44 26-93 8-09 91 7-72 yy 100-50 30 - 1-68 33-81 27-23 8-03 105 — i> 250-100 40 - 170 33-94 27-33 7-99 106 6-62 >) 500-250 0425 50 - 172 34-00 27-38 7-98 no — N70B - 160-0 0518 0538 KT 60 -177 34-03 27-41 7-97 112 6-60 NiooB J 80 - 1-77 34-05 27-43 7-97 119 100 -1-65 34-09 27-45 7-97 119 6-38 150 - 1-20 34-24 27-46 7-95 120 200 - 0-20 34-44 27-68 7-90 123 4-93 300 071 34-64 27-80 7-88 135 400 0-88 34-67 27-81 7-89 139 4-46 500 1-02 34-69 27-82 7-92 140 4-36 586 24 - 1-30 32-99 26-55 8-07 93 8-12 NsoV 1 00-0 0804 10 -1-52 33-14 26-67 8-08 97 — N70V 50-0 20 — I -60 33-28 26-80 8-o6 108 7-66 )) 100-50 30 - 1-50 33-62 27-07 8-02 109 — ii 250-100 40 - 1-50 33-88 27-28 7-98 112 6-99 i> 470-250 1025 5° - i-6i 33-97 27-36 7-97 113 — N70B } 154-0 0937 0958 KT 60 - 1-62 34-01 27-39 7-97 114 6-65 N 100 B 80 - 1-62 34-03 27-41 7-96 121 100 -1-48 34-12 27-47 7-95 116 6-28 150 — o-6o 34-33 27-61 7-89 127 125 586-590 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 586 conl. 587 588 589 590 Position 66° 49' S, 70° 5 3' W 66°28J'S, 7i°i6i'W 66°ii|'S,7i°5oi'W 65° 54' S, 72° 241' W 65° 2ol' S, 73° 3oi' W Date 1 93 1 131 131 13-H Hour 1247 1718 2240 Sounding (metres) 0701 507* 3098* 3008* 3535' WIND Direction ssw NE ESE SEA Direction SSW NE Weather o.p. o. m. s.-s n~ 999-5 1000- 1 Air Temp. ° C. Dry- bulb 07 0-5 lOOO-O -0-X Wet bulb - 1-5 i-o 0-5 0-2 Remarks mod. conf. WNW and NNE swell slight WNW swell slight conf. swell 0-2 mod. conf. swell 126 R.R.S. Discovery II 586-590 Station O -73 Ml 586 Collt. 587 24 24 588 25 589 25 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 590 25 200 300 400 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 500 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 o 10 Temp. o-io 0-77 0-92 0-12 o-o8 I-OO 1-33 1-49 i-6i 1-69 i-6i - 1-49 0-62 0-41 0-66 0-92 1-03 I-2I 0-89 0-83 O-IO I-I2 1-54 1-51 1-32 0-90 0-30 1-43 1-62 1-65 1-53 1-42 1-25 0-88 0-62 0-42 0-38 1-20 0-99 0-58 - o-io I-II 1-49 • i-6i -1-57 - 1-30 0-09 °-55 1-40 1-52 1-43 1-37 1-15 0-85 0-58 0-39 1-57 1-19 34-48 34-64 34-66 3»-72 32-76 33-44 33-81 33-91 33-96 34-01 34-05 34-11 34-28 34-37 34-60 34-67 34-70 33-71 33-77 33-79 33-86 34-01 34-06 34-10 34-17 34-25 34-43 34-58 34-67 34-70 34-72 34-72 34-72 34-72 34-71 34-70 34-7° 33-48 33-55 33-68 33-86 33-95 34-01 34-05 34-13 34-21 34-37 34-49 34-64 34-70 34-71 34-72 34-72 34-72 34-71 34-70 33-73 33-78 27-71 27-79 27-80 26-28 26-32 26-91 27-22 27-30 27-35 27-39 27-42 27-47 27-57 27-64 27-77 27-81 27-82 27-02 27-09 27-11 27-20 27-38 27-43 27-46 27-51 27-56 27-65 27-70 27-76 27-78 27-80 27-81 27-83 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-86 26-83 26-90 27-03 27-21 27-33 27-39 27-42 27-49 27-54 27-61 27-68 27-75 27-79 27-80 27-82 27-83 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-01 27-08 PH 7-87 7-86 7-85 8-07 8-o6 8-02 7-97 7-96 7-95 7-94 7-94 7-91 7-86 7-85 7-86 7-86 7-86 8-00 7-99 7-99 8-00 7-97 7-95 7-95 7-91 7-90 7-87 7-85 7-85 7-87 7-88 7-93 7-95 7-96 7-97 7-98 8-04 8-04 8-03 8-02 8-00 7-98 7-96 7-96 7-95 7-91 7-88 7-86 7-85 7-87 7-90 7-93 7-95 7-98 7-97 8-06 8-03 8-03 P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 128 128 128 85 85 92 03 14 15 18 19 35 40 40 40 40 33 93 96 00 12 21 30 31 29 44 44 44 42 40 37 35 33 33 32 32 32 00 01 08 II 25 27 29 31 30 32 35 37 37 39 39 39 35 35 37 04 06 O2 cc. p. 4-87 4-45 8-10 7-89 6-94 6-65 6-21 5-34 4-37 4-39 7-63 7-57 7-29 6-67 6-OI 4-31 4-19 4-26 4-34 4-54 4-51 4-71 7-60 7-65 7-16 6-74 6-22 4-92 4-22 4-30 4-21 4-46 4-65 7-55 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N50V N70 V NiooB N70B NiooB N50V N70 V N70B NiooB NiooB N50V N70V N70B NiooB NiooB N50V N70V Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 400-120 1 19-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 j 150-0 460-150 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [ 130-0 450-130 1 00-0 50-0 TIME From To 1249 1422 1422 1722 1945 1945 2243 0146 0146 0709 1336 1452 1442 1905 2005 2016 0125 0206 0216 Remarks DGP KT KT DGP Nitrate + Depth Nitrite N., mgm./m.' 490 10 490 30 490 80 490 150 490 300 540 1000 510 2000 510 3000 510 KT DGP 127 590-599 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 590 coiit. 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 Position 65° 20I' S, 73° 3or W 64°5iA'S, 74°22i' W 64° 17' S, 75° 31' W 64° 42' S, 73° 33i' W 64°56J'S, 72°ii'W 65° 14I' S, 70° 26i' W 65°3i'S,68°55i'W 65°5ii'S,69°58i'W 66° S9l' S, 69° 41' W 67° 08' S, 69° 06-I' W Date 1 93 1 14 i 15' 151 151 16 i i6i i6i i6i 171 Hour 0958 1500 2003 0148 1543 0000 0536 1153 1400 I5I4 Sounding (metres) WIND 3800* 3914 3762* 3681^ 2900' 369* 355' 604* 177' 203* Direction SE SE SE SE X E NE N NE SW X W WNW WNW c o o c 15 15 O-I 13 SEA Direction SE SE SE SE X E NE N NE SWx W WNW Weather 1-2 eq- o. p. d. e.g. o. 999-6 999-6 1000-4 998-9 997-9 997-7 996-1 994-2 992-5 994-7 995-0 AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb 0-5 0-2 Wet bulb Remarks 0-5 2-0 1-6 2-0 0-8 0-6 0-0 0-3 1-5 1-3 1-6 0-8 0-4 0-9 mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. NWx N swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NNE swell mod. conf. NNE swell mod. N swell 128 R.R.S. Discovery II 590-599 Station 590 cant. 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 E £ -5 26 26 26 27 ^7 27 28 28 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 Temp. ■c. 0-92 0-88 0-53 0-52 I -40 1-54 1-40 o-oo o-8i 1-31 1-58 1-66 1-52 1-39 I -08 o-8i 0-59 0-42 1-49 I -60 1-49 1-30 1-51 I -85 0-22 0-71 0-92 0-75 0-90 1-40 s% 33-80 33-81 33-83 33-90 34-00 34-04 34-11 34-34 34-45 34-57 34-68 34-71 34-71 34-71 34-71 34-70 34-69 34-69 33-73 33-89 33-82 33-78 33-80 33-73 33-74 33-09 33-15 33-20 33-26 33-30 33-37 33-45 at 27-11 27-12 27-16 27-26 27-37 27-41 27-46 27-59 27-64 27-70 27-77 27-79 27-80 27-81 27-83 27-84 27-84 27-85 27-01 27-14 27-11 27-06 27-08 27-00 26-58 26-67 26-71 26-75 26-79 26-85 26-93 pH 8-03 8-02 8-02 7-99 7-97 7-96 7-95 7-88 7-86 7-86 7-86 7-90 7-93 7-95 7-97 7-97 7-98 8-04 8-11 8-n 8-09 8-10 8-08 8-06 P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 06 06 16 18 30 33 35 48 47 45 45 44 42 42 35 36 48 54 cc. p. 1. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 7-59 7-55 7-04 6-49 4-77 4-27 4-19 4-21 4-33 4-23 4-64 N70 V N70B N 100 B N 100 B TYFH N50 V N70B N 100 B N 100 B N50V N70B NiooB N 100 B N50V N70B NiooB NiooB N70B N 100 B NiooB N50V Nso V N70B NiooB NiooB N50 V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B NiooB N50 V N70 V N70B N 100 B Depth (metres) 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [ 90-0 310-0 1 150-1400 1 00-0 122-0 360-122 1 00-0 I 124-0 350-124 1 00-0 j- 128-0 360-128 I 165-0 435-165 1 00-0 1 00-0 I 133-0 380-133 1 00-0 I 170-0 1 00-0 } 155^ 1 00-0 ]- 155-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 150-100 - 142-0 TIME From To 1014 1014 1230 2008 2037 2037 0155 0220 0220 1005 103 I 1602 1602 1700 0003 0025 0025 0536 0559 115s 1211 2203 22 I 7 1402 1448 0925 1034 I05I 1420 2015 2057 2105 0202 0240 0251 IOI3 105 I IIOI 1622 1632 I7IO 0009 0045 0054 0545 0619 1202 I23I 2210 2237 1425 1508 Remarks KT DGP DGB KT DGP KT DGP KT DGP KT DGP KT DGP KT KT KT KT Nitrate + Depth Nitrite Nj mgm./m.' 290 20 290 40 270 60 350 80 370 100 350 150 390 175 390 129 17 599-610 R.R.S. Discovery II WIND SEA U t/3 Air Temp. ° C. Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Direction Direction Weather Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 599 67° 08' S, 69° o6i' W 1931 17 i colli. 600 67° 09' S, 69° 27' W 17 i 1705 1743 1840 1955 487* 512* 501* 527* — — b.c. 9957 2-1 0-7 mod. N swell 601 66° 41' S, 66° 56' W 18 i 0945 412* wsw •5 wsw 2 c. 987-8 1-2 -0-6 602 66° 03I' S, 66° 25' W 19 i 2205 474* W X S 20 Wx S 3 b.c. 995-9 -1-5 -2-7 mod. S X W swell near large tabular berg 603 65°04|'S, 67°5ii'W 20 i 1000 525* sw 23 sw 4 c. I00I-6 -0-7 — 2-0 mod. SW swell 604 I cable S of South Cape, Doumer I, Palmer Archipelago 25 i 1000 145* — O-I — b. 995-8 5-0 0-8 605 1-4 miles N 18° E of Waif Is., SchoUaert Channel, Palmer Archipelago 26 i 1140 357* — O-I — b.v. 1003-2 2-4 0-2 606 64°i3j'S, 6i°38'W 26 i 1700 618* S X W 2 S X W I b.v. 1002-7 4-0 0-2 607 62° s6i' S, 61° 16' W 27 i 0856 238* WSW 17 wsw 3 c. 998-0 0-6 - 0-2 mod. conf. W swell 608 62°52|'S, 6i°32i'W 7ii lOOI 86* wsw 6 wsw 2 0. 1003-5 0-2 -0-3 slight WSW swell 609 62° 08-1' S, 62° 57i' W 8ii 0825 3162* WNW I o.f. I0I2-0 2-4 2-4 mod. WNW swell 610 62° 1 7-1' S, 62° 281' W 8ii 1443 1673* NNW — o.f. 1004- 1 4-9 4-5 mod. NW swell 130 R.R.S. Discovery II 599-610 Static 599 colli. 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 O -73 < 28 29 29 19 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 60 80 100 o 5 10 15 20 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 Temp. °C. 1-48 1-40 1-39 0-38 o-oi 0-68 I -08 3-30 1-84 I -00 0-97 0-88 0-97 1-20 2-03 1-99 172 1-65 0-28 0-70 I -00 0-86 074 0-45 1-19 3-12 S 7o:, 3376 34-12 34-21 34-40 34-47 32-96 32-97 33-19 33-27 33-86 33-90 33-89 33-91 33-97 34-05 34-17 34-24 33-80 33-84 33-84 33-87 33-88 33-98 34-05 34-15 34-23 34-41 34-57 ol 27-18 27-47 27-54 27-66 27-70 26-51 26-49 26-61 26-72 27-00 27-12 27-19 27-24 27-31 27-40 27-44 27-03 27-07 27-09 27-12 27-21 27-33 27-40 27-48 27-54 27-62 27-71 pH 7-98 7-92 7-91 7-87 7-87 P2O5 msni. p.m.' Oo cc. p. BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear DLH DLH OTL N7-T N4-T N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B N50 V N50 V N70B NiooB N50 V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B TYFV Depth (metres) 203 487-512 501-527 1 00-0 120-0 1 00-0 IIO-O 1 00-0 140-0 1 00-0 137-0 1 00-0 137^ 1 0-0 20-0 1 00-0 1 00-0 I 137-° 80-0 } 56-0 1 00-0 !■ 128-0 500-250 1000-750 750-500 TIME From To 1528 1720 1840 094s 1015 2202 2220 1005 1024 1003 1020 I 150 1203 1700 0904 0921 lOI I 1022 0820 0920 I516 1606 1648 1529 1727 1947 1000 1035 2210 2240 IOI4 1044 IOI3 1035 II57 1223 I715 0912 0941 IO18 1042 0829 0940 1520 161O 1653 Remarks Net badly torn KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT Nitrate + Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' 10 350 20 400 40 380 60 430 80 500 100 510 150 570 200 630 131 610-620 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 610 COIlt. 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 Position 62° i7i' S, 62° 28I' W 62° 49' S, 58° 27I' W 62° 42' S, 57° 10' W 60° 59f' S, 50° 42I' W 60° 07I' S, 48° 20i-' W 6o°S5rs,47°58i'W Sandefjord Harbour, Coronation I, South Orkneys 60° 22' S, 45° 40' W 59°42rS,43°57rW 619' 620 59°33'S,43°07i'W 59° 12' S, 40° 23V W Date 1931 8ii 10 II 12 11 13 II 14 II 15" 16 ii 17 ii 18 ii 18-19 ii Hour 1730 19 II 19-20 I0I2 2200 1000 2000 1200 1200 0959 2229 0205 Sounding (metres) 1000 2217 0130 1072' 567 944" 1713 253' WIND Direction 1821' 3720" 4091 3268* N :■, W N W X S NWx W NW X W N SW SE X S SE X E SE SE 18 18 19 SEA Direction s\^' SW SW 15 IS 20 N X W N W X S NW X W NW X W N SW SE X S SE X E SE SE Weather SW SW SW o. m. o. o. p. s. 4-' i-t u ■ — CQsE o. p. S. q o. p. s. 1012-5 loi 1-6 996-1 999-9 995-3 I0I0-6 997-6 996-7 998-4 997-2 996-1 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 2-6 2-5 2-0 I-O -0-8 -3-1 -2-3 2-8 3-3 Wet bulb Remarks slight N swell 1-8 mod. conf. swell heavy W swell 2-0 heavy NW swell 992-5 983-4 982-4 -3-4 -3-0 -3-0 0-8 0-9 3-5 2-6 3-5 3-8 4-0 3-5 3-5 heavy WNW swell slight SW swell slight S swell slight SSE swell slight SE X E swell slight NNW swell shght WNW swell slight N swell mod. SW swell ' In Plate I this station is plotted 3° of longitude too far East. 132 R.R.S. Discovery II 610-620 Station 610 coiit. 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 < 21 25 26 29 o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) O 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 o 10 20 30 40 Temp. "C. 3-12 1-45 0-52 -0-68 1-05 0-92 1-29 1-30 1-29 1-20 1-04 079 0-50 0-39 0-31 0-91 070 0-66 079 0-89 0-84 078 0-27 0-13 0-02 o-i6 0-32 ■0-52 0-50 0-50 0-50 o-6i I '20 S 7c.o 34-30 34-31 34-45 34-30 32-73 33-97 33-44 34-13 34-13 34-14 34-15 34-16 34-23 34-25 34-30 34-36 34-54 34-53 34-59 34-64 34-67 34-67 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-66 34-65 34-64 32-79 32-74 32-75 33-09 34-16 27-47 27-54 27-69 27-52 26-32 PH 27-34 26-91 27-35 27-35 27-36 27-37 27-39 27-46 27-49 27-54 27-59 27-70 2771 27-76 27-79 27-81 27-81 27-82 27-85 27-85 27-85 27-85 27-85 26-37 26-32 26-33 26-61 27-50 8-03 8-02 8-02 8-02 8-01 7-98 7-96 7-93 7-91 7-87 7-87 7-87 7-87 7-89 7-94 7-94 7-97 7-97 7-98 8-02 8-04 8-07 8-07 8-07 8-05 7-97 P.O5 mgm. p.m.' O, cc. p. 7-51 7-45 7-35 6-86 6-35 5-18 4-89 4-76 4-67 4-41 5-08 4-45 8-01 7-95 7'22 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Ge TYFV N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N50V N50 V N70B N 100 B N50V N70B N 100 B N70H TN HH N70H N50V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N50V N70V N50V N70B NiooB N70B NiooB Nso V N70 V Depth (metres) 250-0 1 00-0 1 00-0 1 60-0 182-0 1 00-0 1 00-0 153-0 1 00-0 132-0 o-i 30 o O-I 1 00-0 1: 09-0 f 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 1 00-0 1 14-0 162-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 TIME From To 1719 1642 1740 2200 2218 1026 1050 2204 2223 1022 1040 2130 0730 2230 1002 IOI9 2205 2235 1005 1022 2154 2229 1723 1650 1800 2210 2238 1046 1 100 2215 2243 1029 1100 0830 0420 1039 2225 Olio IOI3 1042 2214 Remarks KT KT KT KT KT. N 70 torn 14-1511 15-1811 16 ii 17-18 ii KT KT Nitrate + Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' 440 20 440 40 420 60 440 80 450 100 480 150 510 200 590 400 560 800 540 1500 540 2500 540 3500 540 KT KT 133 620-624 Station 620 cont. 621 622 623 624 Position 59°i2'S, 4o°23J'W 58° sol' S, 38° 53' W 59° osr S, 36° 25' w 59°oorS,34°"'W s8°34rs,3i°2ii'W R.R.S. Discovery 11 Date 1931 19-20 ii 20 11 20-21 ii 21 II 21-22 ii Hour 1000 2215 0003 Sounding (metres) 3096* 1747' 2800'' 2235 3692* 0050 WIND Direction WSW W W o c 20 W X N 3 NNW SEA Direction WSW w w W X N NNW o-i Weather o. p. s. b.c. 1) m P:2 980-1 979-1 979-4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 3-0 3-5 977-6 978-1 977-3 Wet bulb 3-6 3-8 4-2 0-7 2-2 3-2 3-2 Remarks mod. W swell mod. W swell mod. NW swell mod. conf. swell 134 R.R.S. Discovery II 620-624 Station 620 cont. o o ^^ s >, O -T3 M < 621 622 623 624 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) Temp. "C. 5° 6o 8o lOO 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1-20 1-20 1-04 072 0-38 o-6o 1-22 I-OI o-8i 0-66 0-43 0-22 0-05 0-19 - 0-40 0-25 0-89 0-89 0-89 0-91 1-31 1-48 1-48 1-48 I-I9 o-6i 0-20 0'53 0-78 0-59 0-56 0-43 0-24 0-40 0-22 0-22 0-24 0-31 0-07 i-i6 1-19 0-86 °73 0-09 0-51 1-03 i-ii 1-02 o-8o 0-63 0-38 0-14 ■ 0-02 O-II o-i8 34-20 34-23 34-29 34-31 34-48 34-52 34-65 34-67 34-67 34-68 34-67 34-67 34-67 34-66 34-65 33-18 33-00 33-00 33-00 33-00 33-96 33-97 34-14 34-23 34-26 34-39 34-48 34-58 34-65 34-67 34-68 34-68 34-67 33-11 33-31 33-31 33-31 33-38 33-54 33-91 34-06 34-18 34-24 34-43 34-51 34-66 34-69 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-68 34-67 34-66 34-65 27-53 27-56 27-60 27-60 27-69 27-71 27-77 27-80 27-81 27-83 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-86 26-65 26-55 26-55 26-55 26-55 27-34 27-35 27-49 27-56 27-58 27-66 27-72 27-76 27-80 27-83 27-84 27-84 27-85 26-62 26-75 26-75 26-75 26-80 26-95 27-30 27-42 27-50 27-55 27-66 27-70 27-79 27-81 27-82 27-84 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-86 27-85 pH 7-97 7-96 7-94 7-92 7-87 7-87 7-87 7-89 7-96 7-98 7-99 7-97 7-98 7-99 8-02 8-06 s-05 s-06 8-o6 8-01 7-97 7-97 7-96 7-95 7-89 7-87 7-86 7-87 7-92 7-97 7-96 7-97 8-07 8-06 8-06 8-07 8-05 7-98 7-97 7-92 7-89 7-87 7-87 7-86 7-87 7-89 7-97 7-96 7-97 7-98 7-99 7-98 7-97 P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ cc. p. 1. 6-92 6-21 4-98 4-28 4-70 4-74 4-75 5-09 5-29 8-07 8-03 7-62 7-29 6-58 5-58 4-92 4-63 4-63 4-81 7-84 7-73 7-82 6-99 6-47 4-85 4-51 4-61 4-60 4-72 5-14 5-21 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70 V N50V N70B NiooB N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N50V N70 V Depth (metres) 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 1 00-0 1 00-0 155-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 1 00-0 [- 1 14-0 [ 137-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 TIME From To 1005 1020 2I5I 2225 1003 I02I 2208 2235 2359 IOI3 1040 22II 2353 lOI I IO4I 2228 0007 Remarks Depth Nitrate + Nitrite N., mgm./m.^ 20 460 460 40 60 500 500 80 100 520 600 150 200 580 560 400 800 540 540 1500 540 3000 540 KT KT Depth Nitrate + Nitrite N, mgm./m.^ 20 380 360 40 60 80 400 400 440 100 150 440 460 200 520 400 800 520 540 1500 540 KT KT Nitrate + Depth Nitrite N2 mgm./m.^ 300 20 320 40 360 60 380 80 420 100 440 150 500 200 540 400 520 800 500 1500 480 2500 480 3500 480 135 625-633 R.R.S. Discovery II WIND SEA Air Temp. " C. Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Weather oS Remarks Direction Direction g & Dry bulb Wet bulb 193 1 625 58° 02' S, 29° III' W 22 ii 1000 3473* 0-2 c. 975-1 -0-8 -1-8 mod. conf. swell 626 57° 22' S, 26° 29I' W 22 ii 2200 2377* sw 6 SW I b.c. 974-1 -1-8 -3-0 mod. conf. swell 627 56°53|'S,23°47rW 23 ii 1 241 5483* S X E 30 S X E 5 0. q. s. 978-9 -0-7 -0-7 heavy SE swell 628 55°52i'S,26°44'W 24 ii 1000 2783* SW 25 SW 4 0. r. s. 1003- 1 — i-o — i-o heavy SW swell 629 55° 331' S, 30° 01' W 25 ii 0053 3389* NW 9 NW I b.v. 1015-6 - 0-2 — I-o mod. conf. swell 0125 N :< W 13 N X W I c. 1015-0 0-0 -0-5 ») 630 53° 50' S, 43° i7i' W 3iii 1720 2628* SE 24 SE 5 0. 988-2 2-8 2-2 heavy conf. swell 631 54°i3i'S,47°io'W 4iii °953 3643* W 18 W 3 b.c. 1002-0 6-8 6-2 mod. W swell 632 54° 25i' S, 48° 331' W 4iii 1730 4078* NW X N 22 NW X W 4 0. m. 997-8 6-5 6-3 mod. conf. swell 633 54° 581' s, 52° 161' W Siii 2000 4003* WNW 13 WNW 4 b. 991-8 2-1 0-3 mod. NW swell 2303 WSW 20 WSW 4 b. 991-2 2-0 i-i mod. WNW swell 136 R.R.S. Discovery II 625-633 < 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 14 '5 16 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) O 10 20 jO 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Temp. °C. o-i8 0-09 0-15 o-ii o-ii O-II o-io 0-04 0-91 1-39 1-52 1-29 0-38 0-48 0-51 0-67 0-66 0-50 0-41 0-22 o-oi 0-12 0-15 3-40 S-8o 4-85 5-14 5-13 5-12 5-09 5-02 4-50 3-46 2-98 2-64 2-30 1-39 1-50 i-8i 2-o6 2-19 2-i8 1-99 1-66 1-24 0-85 0-51 S 7oo 33-40 33-62 33'53 33-60 33-51 33-51 33-51 33-51 33-51 33-77 33-95 34-12 34-19 34-42 34-57 34-63 34-67 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-70 34-69 34-68 34-68 34-03 34-04 33-96 33 33- 33- 33- 33- 33- 33' 34- 34- 34' 34' 34' 34 34 34 34' 34 34 34 34 34 94 94 94 94 94 96 97 01 04 05 06 06 ■15 ■36 -49 -59 68 -70 -69 68 67 26-83 27-02 26-88 27-00 26-92 26-92 26-92 26-92 26-93 27-17 27-33 27-48 27-53 27-68 27-75 27-80 27-82 27-85 27-86 27-86 27-87 27-88 27-88 27-88 27-10 26-84 26-89 26-84 26-84 26-84 26-85 26-85 26-93 27-04 27-12 27-17 27-21 27-29 27-28 27-33 27-47 27-57 27-65 27-74 27-78 27-80 27-82 27-83 PH 8-08 8-08 8-08 8-07 8-o6 8-02 8-01 7-97 7-96 7-90 7-88 7-87 7-89 7-92 7-92 7-96 7-97 7-98 7-97 8-00 8-02 8-02 8-01 8-01 8-01 8-00 7-98 7-96 7-95 7-93 7-93 7-91 7-89 7-87 7-88 7-87 7-91 7-92 7-96 7-94 7-95 P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 90 92 91 92 92 92 93 102 102 103 109 114 118 126 130 125 125 124 116 116 118 O, cc.p. 7-99 8-00 7-94 7-46 6-69 5-54 4-49 4-67 5-o8 4-84 5-22 5-58 7-23 7-22 7-32 7-25 5-90 4-63 4-22 4-14 4-55 4-89 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear NsoV N70B NiooB N50 V N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N70B NiooB N50 V N70V N70H N70B NiooB N70H Depth (metres) 1 00-0 1 14-0 1 00-0 158-0 1 1 8-0 126-0 152-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 iooc-750 0-5 125-0 O-I N50V 1 00-0 N70V 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 N70B NiooB - 125-0 TIME From To lOIO 1026 2200 2217 1249 1007 0100 0127 1750 loig 1732 2003 2240 1018 1046 2210 2237 1309 1027 0120 0317 1755 1039 1735 2144 2300 Remarks KT KT KT KT KT KT KT 137 18 634-636 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather Be m- Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 634 56° i4i'S, 5i°o6f'W 635 57° 421' S, 50° 06A' W 636 59°oirS,49°i8i'W 193? 6 iii 0900 1440 7 111 2014 2250 0830 1234 4239 NNW NNE 4003 SW wsw 4005' SW X w S X E 10 13 5 10 10 138 NNW NNE SW WSW SW X W S X E o. m. o. s. q. o. m. s. 985-5 980-5 991-0 990-2 987-0 988-1 60 4-8 5-5 47 heavy WNW swell heavy conf. swell 0-5 0-2 0-4 0-0 heavy conf. swell — 0-2 mod.SW swell 0-5 rv. Iv. 0. Discovery 11 634-636 Station o o HYDROLOCilCAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks mgm. p.m.^ TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S =/oo at pH O2 cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) From To 634 '7 10 4-57 4-41 33-89 33-95 26-87 26-93 8-00 8-00 85 89 7-42 N70B NiooB |- 173-0 0908 0928 KT 20 4-40 33-95 26-93 8-00 90 7-34 N50 V 1 00-0 0935 . 30 4-40 33-95 26-93 8-00 90 — N70V 50-0 40 4-40 33-95 26-93 8-00 90 7-35 ,, 100-50 SO 4-19 33-96 26-96 7-99 90 — >» 250-100 60 3-4° 33-99 27-06 7-98 97 7-45 ,, 500-250 80 1-91 34-°5 27-24 7-96 no — >. 750-500 100 1-47 34-05 27-27 7-95 122 7-41 ' E 3 0. 9917 -2-5 -2-5 mod. SE swell 2212 ESE 12 ESE 3 b. 995-2 -2-5 -3-1 slight conf. swell 638 6i° ooi' S, 49° 48i' W 9iii 0534 2698* W X N 10- 12 Wx N 2 b. 1000-3 -3-0 -3-0 slight SW swell 0745 wsw 19 WSW 'J 3 b.c. 1000-5 -1-8 — 2-0 mod. WSW swell 639 6i°57rS,5i°59'W 9 iii 2105 2857* wsw 24 wsw 4 b. q. 991-3 -0-5 - 1-6 slight SW swell ; among innumerable bergs 140 R.R.S. Discovery II 636-639 Station 5 o ^ ^4- rt HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks PoOr TIME 0-3 < Depth (metres) Temp. C. s 7„ at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 636 19 2000 0-04 34-62 27-82 7-93 135 COIlt. 2500 3000 — O'lO -o-i8 34-62 34-61 27-82 27-82 7-97 7-96 135 135 5-23 35°o -0-27 34-61 27-83 7-96 130 5-28 637 19 0-52 34-35 27-57 7-89 124 7-30 N50V 1 00-0 1907 10 0-54 34-35 27-57 7-88 126 — N70 V 50-0 20 0-54 34-37 27-59 7-88 126 7-34 )) 100-50 30 0-54 34-37 27-59 7-88 116 — )» 250-100 40 0-54 34-37 27-59 7-88 126 7-30 ,, 500-250 50 0-54 34-38 27-60 7-88 126 — »» 750-500 60 0-51 34-38 27-60 7-87 123 7-17 ,, 1000-750 — 2028 80 0-51 34-38 27-60 7-87 126 — N70B j 156-0 2146 2206 KT 100 0-50 34-41 27-62 7-87 126 7-I0 N 100 B 150 0-44 34-41 27-62 7-87 126 200 0-41 34-42 27-63 7-86 126 6-54 300 0-33 34-47 27-68 7-84 126 400 - 0-22 34-50 27-73 7-85 126 6-12 600 0-03 34-57 27-78 7-84 126 5-44 800 0-02 34-59 27-80 7-87 126 5-53 1000 — 0-07 34-61 27-82 7-86 126 1500 - 0-19 34-62 27-83 7-92 129 5-22 2000 — o-ii 34-62 27-83 7-93 132 2500 - 0-2I 34-63 27-84 7-97 132 5-19 3000 - 0-30 34-61 27-83 7-94 132 • 3500 - 0-35 34-61 27-83 7-96 126 5-47 638 20 — 0-20 33-37 26-82 7-94 112 8-24 N70B 1 155-^ 0509 0529 KT 10 - 0-19 33-38 26-83 7-94 104 — N 100 B 20 - 0-02 33-54 26-95 7-93 104 8-13 N50V 1 00-0 0537 30 - 0-0 1 33-89 27-23 7-91 104 — N70V 50-0 40 - 0-09 34-01 27-33 7-91 121 7-76 ,. 100-50 50 - O-II 34-07 27-38 7-91 128 — ,, 250-100 60 — O-II 34-07 27-38 7-91 129 7-68 ,, 500-250 80 - 0-12 34-11 27-41 7-90 136 — „ 750-500 100 -0-52 34-27 27-56 7-87 137 7-21 ,, 1000-750 — 0730 150 -0-85 34-42 27-69 7-85 137 200 -0-74 34-48 27-74 7-86 137 6-27 300 -0-49 34-50 27-75 7-83 141 400 -0-37 34-54 27-77 7-82 148 6-10 600 — 0-40 34-58 27-81 7-83 144 5-61 800 — 0-19 34-59 27-81 7-86 141 5-38 1000 — 0-19 34-59 27-81 7-89 141 1500 -0-38 34-59 27-81 7-93 139 5-57 2000 — 0-50 34-60 27-83 7-94 135 2500 - o-6o 34-60 27-83 7-94 137 5-73 639 21 - 0-76 33-85 27-23 7-93 112 7-43 N50V 1 00-0 2107 10 -0-77 33-85 27-23 7-92 114 — N70 V 50-0 20 -0-77 33-85 27-23 7-92 116 7-44 yj 100-50 30 -o-8o 33-97 27-33 7-91 122 — Tl 250-100 40 -0-99 34-22 27-54 7-91 122 6-98 )» 500-250 5° -0-99 34-23 27-55 7-90 122 — )) 750-500 60 - 1-03 34-26 27-58 7-90 142 6-75 n 1000-750 — 2240 80 - I -06 34-29 27-60 7-90 142 — N70B - 132-0 2303 2323 KT 100 - I -09 34-33 27-63 7-90 141 6-58 N 100 B i -^ 15° — i-oi 34-39 27-68 7-86 140 200 -0-74 34-48 27-74 7-87 140 5-62 300 ~ 0-04 34-58 27-79 7-85 132 400 0-29 34-60 27-79 7-86 135 4-89 600 0-32 34-61 27-80 7-86 139 4-36 800 0-34 34-62 27-80 7-90 140 4-55 141 639-647 R.R.S. Discovery 11 639 colli . 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 Position 6i°57-;'S,si°S9'W 6i° 26i' S, 53° 47i' W 6i° SS' S, 53° 54' W 6i°5iA'S,54°58'W 6i°44i'S, 56=07' W 6i°2ol'S, 56°4o' W 6o°5ii'S, 57°i2|'W 60° 22I' S, 57° 43' W 59° 29!' S, 58° 391' W Date 193? 9 iii II 111 Hour 0930 [400 1810 2310 0635 II39 1531 Sounding (metres) 12 111 0104 0340 658* 554' 1686* 812* 298^« 2526* 2622* WIND Direction wsw W X N w NW X W W X S SWx W SWx W 3533' S2 t; ° ° c 20 20 17 16 14 SEA Direction WSW W X N w NW ;< W W SWx W SWx W Wea titer SSW SW 17- 19 20 SSW SW b.c. o. o. f. sa 998-5 994-3 995-9 993-4 990-0 990-5 990-3 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 0-3 1-3 1-5 1-9 994-4 994-9 Wet bulb 0-5 0-2 0-5 1-3 1-5 1-9 2-0 Remarks mod. conf. swell mod . W swell mod. W swell mod. W swell mod. WNW swell mod. W swell mod. W swell 1-5 mod. W swell 142 R.R.S. Discovery II 639-647 Station O ^ "o-S HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks P,0- TIME < Depth (metres) Temp. ' C. S 7oo at pH mgm. p.m.^ Oj cc. p.l. Gear Depth , (metres) From To 639 21 1000 0-26 34-64 27-82 7-91 140 cont. 1500 2000 2500 — o-oi -0-31 -0-54 34-62 34-61 34-61 27-82 27-83 27-84 7-96 7-92 7-97 140 140 139 4-78 5-13 640 21 - 0-20 34-30 27-57 — — N70B NiooB • 164-0 0940 1000 KT 641 21 0-38 34-39 27-61 — — — N70B N 100 B I73-<3 1408 1428 KT 642 643 644 21 22 22 0-70 o-6o 1-51 34-23 34-24 34-02 27-47 27-48 27-24 7-94 — 7-12 N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70B • 180-0 ]- 93-0 • 1 00-0 1815 2312 0635 1835 2332 0655 KT KT KT Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N™ mgm./m.^ 4-4 460 10 1-49 34-04 27-26 7-94 — N 100 B 10 4-5 20 1-35 34-06 27-29 7-94 — 7-10 N50V 1 00-0 0700 20 4-1 460 30 I -20 34-06 27-30 7-92 — — N70V 50-0 30 4-3 40 i-i6 34-06 27-30 7-92 — 6-96 >) 100-50 40 3-3 460 50 1-13 34-08 27-32 7-92 — — „ 250-100 — 0732, 50 3-3 60 i-ii 34-09 27-33 7-92 — 6-89 60 3-6 480 80 I-OI 34-10 27-34 7-91 80 4-3 460 100 0-91 34-20 27-43 7-90 — 6-42 100 5-4 460 150 0-98 34-41 27-59 7-86 150 3-0 480 200 0-98 34-43 27-61 7-84 — 5-43 200 2-4 500 275 0-71 34-56 27-73 7-83 — 5-12 275 o-i 520 645 22 1-85 33-80 27-04 — — — N50V 1 00-0 1 143 II52 646 22 2-33 33-82 27-02 7-94 — 7-17 N50 V 1 00-0 1537 5-3 10 2-32 33-82 27-02 7-94 — — N70 V 50-0 10 5-3 20 2-28 33-82 27-03 7-94 — 7-12 100-50 20 5-4 30 2-21 33-82 27-03 7-94 — — 250-100 30 5-0 40 2-i8 33-83 27-04 7-94 — 7-14 500-250 40 4-9 50 1-39 33-86 27-13 7-93 — — 750-500 50 4-3 60 0-02 33-96 27-29 7-91 — 7-01 1000-750 — 1700 60 2-7 80 100 — 0-70 0-09 34-04 34-22 27-38 27-49 7-88 7-86 6-07 N70B NiooB } 155-0 1721 I74I KT 80 100 3-3 2-0 150 I-3I 34-42 27-58 7-83 150 0-7 200 1-82 34-52 27-62 7-8i — 3-85 200 o-i 300 2-17 34-59 27-65 7-81 300 0-0 400 2-17 34-63 27-68 7-82 — 3-97 400 0-0 600 1-87 34-65 27-72 7-83 — 4-00 600 0-0 800 1-72 34-69 27-77 7-85 — 4-07 800 0-0 1000 I -60 34-69 27-78 7-86 1000 0-0 1500 1-13 34-71 27-83 7-88 — 4-32 1500 0-0 2000 o-8i 34-69 27-83 7-91 2000 o-o 2500 0-48 34-69 27-85 7-90 — 4-49 2500 0-0 647 23 10 2-72 2-72 33-87 33-87 27-03 27-03 7-96 7-96 — 7-22 N70B NiooB 1 132-0 0039 0059 KT 10 5-2 5-2 490 20 2-73 33-88 27-04 7-97 — 7-20 N50V 1 00-0 Olio 20 5-0 470 30 2-66 33-89 27-05 7-96 — — N70V 50-0 30 5-0 40 2-31 33-91 27-10 7-95 — 7-10 100-50 40 4-7 490 50 1-23 34-03 27-27 7-92 — — 250-100 50 5-1 60 I-OI 34-04 27-29 7-91 — 6-S5 500-250 60 5-0 490 80 0-62 34-11 27-38 7-90 — — 750-500 80 5-5 500 100 0-43 34-19 27-45 7-88 — 6-17 1000-750 — 0328 100 5-8 500 150 0-69 34-33 27-55 7-83 150 2-0 510 143 647-650 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 647 coiif. 648 649 650 Position 59° 29r S, 58° 391' W 58°3ors,59°4ii'W 57° 43r S, 60° 22I' W 56° 19!' S, 62° 12^' W Date 1931 12 iii 12 111 12-13 iii 13 111 Hour 1 100 2329 0445 1400 1706 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 3541' 4065* 4113' SW X S N X E N X W NW X W NNW 13 14 5-9 12 SEA Direction SW X S N N >: W NWxW NNW Weather o. o.d. c. m-5^ I00I-8 1007-7 1005-8 ioo6-8 ioo6-: Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 1-6 4-0 6-5 7-2 7-0 Wet bulb 3-0 6-3 6-5 6-4 Remarks mod. SW swell mod. SW swell mod. W X N swell mod. ^V swell 144 R.R.S. Discovery II 647-650 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite Nj mgm./m.' < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S °/„o at pH P2O5 mgm. p.m.' 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth TIME (metres) From To 647 -3 200 1-30 34-47 27-62 7-82 4-55 200 0-3 510 COllt. 300 1-90 34-60 27-68 7-81 300 0-0 400 2-01 34-69 27-75 7-82 — 3-93 400 0-0 500 600 172 34-70 27-77 7-85 — 4-06 600 0-0 800 1-57 34-73 27-81 7-86 — 4-10 800 0-0 500 1000 1-34 34-73 27-83 7-87 1000 0-0 1500 0-84 34-70 27-84 7-91 — 4-37 1500 0-0 500 2000 0-56 34-68 27-84 7-93 2000 0-0 2500 0-37 34-68 27-85 7-92 — 4-49 2500 0-0 500 3000 0-05 34-65 27-84 7-96 3000 o-o 3400 — o-ii 34-68 27-87 7-93 — 4-98 3400 0-0 500 648 -3 3-74 33-84 26-91 7-97 — 7-00 N50V 1 00-0 1 106 5-2 10 3-75 33-84 26-91 7-97 — — N70 V 50-0 10 5-1 20 3.76 33-85 26-92 7-97 — 6-96 100-50 20 4-9 30 3-63 33-86 26-94 7-97 — — 250-100 30 4-9 40 2-92 33-87 27-01 7-96 — 7-13 500-250 40 4-5 3-6 50 1-31 33-89 27-16 7-95 — — 750-500 50 60 1-24 33-97 27-22 7-93 — 7-14 1000-750 — 1239 60 2-4 80 i-ii 34-07 27-31 7-91 — — N70B 1 135-0 1332 1352 KT 80 0-0 100 1-23 34-11 27-33 7-90 — 6-55 NiooB J -J 100 0-0 150 171 34-15 27-33 7-87 150 0-0 200 2-12 34-3° 27-42 7-86 — 5-08 200 0-0 300 2-29 34-40 27-49 7-83 300 0-0 400 2-33 34-49 27-56 7-83 — 4-12 400 0-0 600 2-20 34-57 27-63 7-84 — 3-78 600 0-0 800 2-o6 34-67 27-73 7-84 — 3-83 800 0-0 1000 1-90 34-70 27-76 7-86 1000 0-0 1500 1-59 34-71 27-79 7-87 — 4-03 1500 0-0 2000 1-19 34-70 27-81 7-92 2000 0-0 2500 0-84 34-69 27-83 7-92 — 4-32 2500 0-0 3000 0-57 34-67 27-84 7-93 3000 0-0 649 23 671 34-03 26-71 7-98 — 6-58 N70B - 170-0 2306 2326 KT 4-7 4-8 450 10 671 34-04 26-72 7-98 — — NiooB 1 / 10 20 6-63 34-04 2673 7-98 — 6-51 N50V 1 00-0 2331 20 4-9 420 30 6-63 34-04 26-73 7-98 — — N70V 50-0 30 4-7 40 6-6o 34-07 26-76 7-97 — 6-48 100-50 40 5-0 450 50 6-42 34-07 26-78 7-97 — — 250-100 50 5-2 460 60 6-23 34-09 26-82 7-97 — 6-30 500-250 60 5-3 80 5-00 34-11 26-99 7-96 — — 750-500 80 5-7 490 100 150 471 4-06 34-12 34-14 27-03 27-12 7-96 7-94 — 6-57 1000-750 0134 100 150 4-9 0-6 500 500 200 3-73 34-14 27-15 7-92 — 6-20 200 0-0 500 300 2-84 34-14 27-23 7-91 300 0-0 400 600 800 2-23 2-30 2-44 34-14 34-29 34-47 27-29 27-40 27-53 7-91 7-86 7-83 — 6-23 4-77 4-76 400 600 800 0-0 o-o 0-0 520 520 1000 2-46 34-49 27-55 7-86 1000 0"0 1500 2-25 34-61 27-65 7-90 — 4-21 1500 520 2000 2-o6 34-68 27-73 7-90 2000 0-0 2500 i-Si 34-71 27-78 7-92 — 3-65 2500 0-0 520 3000 1-27 34-71 27-82 7-92 3000 0-0 3500 0-95 34-69 27-82 7-96 — 3-82 3500 o-o 3900 0-94 34-69 27-82 7-93 3900 00 510 650 24 7-22 34-08 26-68 7-99 — 6-56 N50V 1 00-0 1405 4-8 10 7-13 34-08 26-69 7-99 — — N70 V 50-0 10 4-9 4-8 20 7-12 34-09 26-71 7-99 — 6-54 j> 100-50 20 30 7-12 34-09 26-71 7-99 — — ,, 250-100 30 4-9 4-8 40 7-10 34-09 26-71 7-99 — 6-52 )» 500-250 40 50 6-94 34-09 26-73 7-98 ^ " 750-500 50 5-0 145 19 650-655 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction i-< o o c SEA Direction Weather a c Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 650 colli. 651 652 653 654 655 56° 191' S, 62° 12I' W 55° 08' 8,63° 31' w Burdwood Bank; 54° 04' S, 61° 40' W 53°58rS, 54°ii|'W 52°s2i'S,5i°i4J'W 53° 3or s, 50° 40!' w 193 1 i3iii 14 111 0333 14 111 1505 1510 1550 1610 144s 23111 23iii 0912 1540 1730 187* 174* 171 169 1856* 2593' SWx W NNW 19 NNW NWxW 29 28 146 SWx W SSW NNW NNW NW 1003-4 i-o 1000-8 1009-3 6-2 7-0 h.c. b. 983-0 984-5 7-5 7-2 7-5 6-1 7-2 5-6 slight W swell mod. NW swell heavy NW swell heavfy NW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 650-655 Station Ot3 < 650 COJit. 24 651 652 653 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 654 655 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 o 10 Temp . C. S 7... 6-82 5-86 5-14 4-80 4-49 4-02 372 3-01 2-43 2-46 2-22 2-o6 1-83 1-55 1-19 0-98 7-23 7-23 7-23 7-23 7-14 7-10 6-71 6-33 5-56 5-04 4-93 4-80 4-53 374 3-21 2-94 2-40 7-62 6-IO 6-22 6-21 6-12 6-12 6-10 6-05 6-05 5-82 479 4-i6 3-82 3-51 2-93 2-43 2-14 2-33 5-60 5-99 5-99 34-10 34-10 34-14 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-19 34-25 34-31 34-47 34-64 3471 34-71 34-70 34-69 34-69 34-°S 34-05 34-05 34-05 34-08 34-09 34-10 34-11 34-17 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-19 34-20 34-29 34-56 34-09 34-10 34-08 34-08 34-08 34-08 34-08 34-08 34-08 34-09 34-11 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-18 34-24 34-41 34-61 34-18 34-10 34-10 26-75 26-88 27-00 27-07 27-10 27-15 27-19 27-31 27-40 27-53 27-69 27-76 27-77 27-79 27-81 27-82 26-66 26-66 26-66 26-66 26-69 26-71 26-77 26-83 26-97 27-04 27-05 27-07 27-10 27-19 27-25 27-35 27-61 26-63 26-85 26-82 26-82 26-83 26-83 26-83 26-84 26-84 26-87 27-01 27-14 27-17 27-20 27-26 27-30 27-37 27-49 27-66 26-97 26-86 26-86 pH 7-97 7-96 7-96 7-95 7-95 7-94 7-92 7-90 7-87 7-84 7-85 7-88 7-92 7-92 7-94 7-94 8-01 8-01 8-01 8-00 8-01 8-00 7-99 7-98 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-97 7-96 7-91 7-90 P2O5 mgm . p.m.^ 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-98 7-96 7-94 7-92 7-92 7-91 7-93 7-92 7-87 7-83 7-98 7-98 o, cc. p. 1. 6-49 6-43 6-40 5-76 5-05 4-66 4-14 3-90 4-16 4-29 6-39 6-37 6-40 6-29 6-29 6-36 6-24 5-83 5-24 3-68 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70 V N70B NiooB N70B NiooB N50V N70V DLH OTL N7-T N4 T B N70B N 100 N50 V N70 V Depth (metres) N70H N50V N70 V 1000-750 - 156-0 - 155-0 lOO-O 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 164 - 171-169 ■■ 1 00-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 TIME 0-5 1 00-0 50-0 From 1 64 1 0339 0405 1510 1550 1422 1453 To '527 0359 0544 0912 1545 1512 1607 1442 Remarks KT KT Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.^ Nitrate + Nitrite N, mgm./in/ 60 5-0 80 6-3 100 5-4 150 0-4 200 0-0 300 0-0 400 600 0-0 0-0 800 o-o 1000 0-0 1500 o-o 2000 0-0 2500 o-o 3000 0-0 3500 0-0 4000 0-0 5-1 10 20 4-8 4-6 30 4-5 40 4-4 50 60 80 5-1 57 6-1 100 2-7 150 0-0 200 0-0 300 o-o 400 600 0-0 0-0 800 0-0 1000 o-o 1^00 o-o 1628 0917 Net badly torn KT 360 360 360 360 360 370 370 390 400 410 420 147 655-658 R.R.S* Discovery II Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 1^ SEA Direction & Weather 4-> U QJ W Air Temp. ^ C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 655 coat. 53° 3oi' S, 50° 4o|' W 1931 23iii 1823 656 53°i9i'S,47°53'Wto 53°i5rS,47°S6i'W 24 111 0638 1015 657 53°3i4'S,44°23rW 25111 0935 1237 658 53°38|'S,40°27i'W 26 iii °5S5 0825 WNW 3486* W X N WNW 2123' WNW W X S 2454' NWxN NW 26 27- 30 15 30- 32 20 25 148 WNW W X N W X N WNW W NWxN NW b.c. 9847 b.c. b.c. 988-0 990-1 o. q. r. 975-8 9837 o. b.c. 997-4 998-6 7-0 5-0 3-8 4-6 5-0 4-0 4-0 5-5 heavy conf. swell 3-2 3-2 heavy NW swell 4-2 3-5 heavy NW swell 3-5 3-8 heavy W swell R.R.S. Discovery II 655-658 Starion c o to < HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7on at pH P2O., ITIKITI. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 655 20 5-98 34-10 26-86 7-98 _ N70V 100-50 cont. 3° 5-98 34-IO 26-86 7-98 — — »» 250-100 40 5-90 34-" 26-88 7-98 — — »» 500-250 50 5-90 34-11 26-88 7-98 — — ■>> 750-500 60 5-89 34-11 26-88 7-98 — — )) 1000-750 — 1810 So 5-89 34-11 26-88 7-98 — — N70B \ 160-0 1827 1847 KT 100 5-12 34-16 27-01 7-97 — — NiooB J 150 4-31 34-19 27-13 7-96 200 4-08 34-19 27-15 7-95 300 3-89 34-19 27-17 7-95 400 3-50 34-19 27-21 7-95 600 269 34-18 27-28 7-94 800 1000 1500 2-45 2-54 2-23 34-20 34-33 34-61 27-32 27-41 27-66 7-92 7-91 7-88 . •■ 656 5 4-78 34-01 26-93 7-98 — — N70B 180-0 0612 0632 KT 10 4-78 34-01 26-93 7-98 — — N50V 1 00-0 0637 20 478 34-01 26-93 7-98 — — N70V 50-0 30 477 34-01 26-93 7-98 — — )) 100-50 40 4-77 34-02 26-94 7-98 — — »» 250-100 50 4-39 34-05 27-01 7-97 — — )i 500-250 60 3-80 34-14 27-14 7-96 — — »» 750-500 80 3-26 34-14 27-20 7-94 — — ,, 1000-750 — 0945 100 2-99 34-12 27-20 7-93 — — NiooB 135-0 IO16 1036 KT 150 2-62 34-14 27-25 7-92 200 2-41 34-14 27-27 7-91 300 176 34-14 27-32 7-91 400 2-24 34-25 27-37 7-90 600 2-46 34-35 27-43 7-89 800 2-37 34-52 27-58 7-87 1000 2-34 34-54 ■ 27-60 7-86 1500 2-04 34-56 27-64 7-89 2000 1-62 34-71 27-79 7-94 2500 I -20 34-71 27-82 7-93 3000 0-86 657 6 2-19 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — NiooB 155^ 0911 0931 KT 10 2-19 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — N50V 1 00-0 0949 20 2-l6 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — N70 V 50-0 30 2-i6 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — n 100-50 40 2-IS 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — J> 250-100 50 2-12 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — ,, 500-350 60 2-12 33-84 27-05 7-98 — — 1) 750-500 — 1230 80 2-00 33-89 27-11 7-96 100 1-36 34-01 27-25 7-92 •5° 1-04 34-07 27-32 7-91 200 I -20 34-17 27-39 7-89 300 1-56 34-29 27-46 7-86 400 1-88 34-43 27-55 7-84 600 2-07 34-54 27-62 7-86 800 2-03 34-61 27-68 7-87 1000 1-96 34-63 27-70 7-88 1500 1-68 34-69 27-77 7-90 I goo i-i8 34-70 27-82 7-90 658 7 ID 2-64 2-64 33-88 33-88 27-04 27-04 7-97 7-97 — — N70B N 100 B \ 120-0 0527 0547 KT 20 2-64 33-88 27-04 7-97 — — N50V 1 00-0 0554 30 2-64 33-88 27-04 7-97 — — N70V 50-0 40 2-64 33-88 27-04 7-97 — — )) 100-50 50 2-62 33-88 27-05 7-97 ~ ~ )J 250-100 149 658-663 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 658 am/. 659 660 661 662 663 Position 53° 38I' S, 40° 27i' W Date 1 93. I 26 iii 53° 56i' S, 40° 09i' W 6 cables E of Hope Pt, E Cumberland Bay, S. Georgia 57° 36' S, 29° 54V W to 57° 36' S, 29° 35' W 55° 56' S, 29° 57' W 53° 34^ S, 30° 251' W to 53° 32i' S, 30° 20' W Hour 26 iii ;i 111 3 IV 4 IV 1054 1322 0548 0245 0800 1656 0430 o'35 0400 Sounding (metres) WIND Direction 1- o o c 21 iS* 3418* 3400' 3948* NW >: N NWxN W W X N NWxW NWxW NW X W W SEA Direction Weather 25 28 ID 5 14 25 42 NW X N NW X N S w W :■: N NW NW X W NW < W W c. b.c. b.c. o.q. Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 998-6 998-6 1005-2 1003-3 1001-2 999-8 998-4 Wet bulb Remarks 4-0 5-0 4-S -2-3 ■0-5 ^ / 1-7 3-9 3-5 2-5 -4-9 -2-6 -2-7 -0-6 1-5 1-4 heavy NW swell mod. N swell slight W swell slight WSW swell mod. NW swell mod. NW swell mod. WNW swell heavy W swell 150 R.R.S. Discovery 11 658-663 Station c o o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS' BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS -narks P-Oj TIME Re < Depth (metres) Temp. S7.0 ot pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p. I. Gear Depth (metres) From To 658 7 60 2-58 33-88 27-05 7-97 _ N70 V 500-250 Clint . So 1-40 33-97 27-21 7-93 — — »1 750-500 100 0-72 34-07 27-34 7-90 , — — )> 1000-750 — 0806 150 0-70 34-17 27-42 7-86 200 0-90 34-22 27-45 7-85 • 300 1-41 34-34 27-51 7-83 400 1-89 34-46 27-57 7-82 600 2-04 34-53 27-61 7-86 800 2-02 34-62 27-69 7-89 1000 1-82 34-67 27-74 7-89 1500 1-60 34-70 27-78 7-90 2000 I-17 34-70 27-82 7-89 659 7 2-76 33-89 27-04 7-98 — — N50 V 1 00-0 1102 10 2-76 33-89 27-04 7-98 — — N70 V 50-0 20 2-76 33-89 27-04 7-98 — — „ 100-50 30 2-76 33-89 27-04 7-97 — — ,, 250-100 40 2-74 33-89 27-04 7-97 — — 1> 500-250 — 1320 50 60 2-39 1-38 33-88 33-95 27-07 27-20 7-96 7-93 z — N70B N 100 B 1 146-0 1330 1350 KT 80 0-80 33-97 27-25 7-91 100 — 0-04 34-02 27-34 7-87 150 — 0-21 34-14 27-44 7-86 200 0-40 34-23 27-48 7-86 300 1-91 34-47 27-57 7-83 400 1-68 34-46 27-58 7-82 600 2-05 34-60 27-67 7-86 800 1-93 34-68 27-74 7-87 1000 1-77 34-69 27-76 7-87 660 12 1500 1-35 1-50 34-70 32-30 27-80 25-87 7-88 — — DC 216 0608 061 1 Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite No 661- 14 10 -o-8i - 0-80 33-33 33-33 26-81 26-81 7-97 7-97 169 7-43 TYFB N70B 1 360-0 0136 0226 DGP mgm./m^. 10 6-4 6-4 510 20 - o-8o 33-33 26-81 7-97 7-46 N50V 1 00-0 0330 0340 20 6-1 500 30 ~ 0-59 33-35 26-82 7-97 ig6 — TYFV 3000-2000 0402 0418 30 5-9 40 -0-34 33-51 26-94 7-97 10,^ 7-45 2000-1500 0555 0605 40 5-7 490 50 -0-36 33-51 26-94 7-97 102^ — 1000-750 1340 1345 50 5-9 60 - 1-05 34-08 27-43 7-92 '^^i 6-67 750-500 1426 1430 60 7-0 500 80 - 1-16 34-13 27-47 7-91 12^..^ — 500-250 1510 1515 80 8-3 510 100 -0-99 34-20 27-53 7-91 130 6-20 250-0 1534 1539 100 4-2 530 150 -0-13 34-40 27-65 7-87 — I500-IOOO 1623 1632 150 0-0 530 200 0-35 34-53 27-73 7-84 '4,5^ 4-89 200 0-0 530 300 0-83 34-66 27-80 7-85 '+'" 300 0-0 400 0-88 34-67 27-81 7-87 '4J, 4-54 400 0-0 530 600 0-84 34-68 27-82 7-91 140 4-46 600 0-0 800 0-55 34-68 27-84 7-92 4-51 800 0-0 530 1000 0-46 34-67 27-84 7-90 149, 1000 0-0 1500 0-22 34-67 27-85 7-97 'ii 4-51 1500 0-0 510 2000 0-00 34-67 27-86 7-97 137,, 2000 0-0 2500 -0-13 34-66 27-86 7-96 14'^, 4-70 2500 0-0 510 3000 -0-15 34-66 27-86 7-96 142' 144 3000 0-0 3200 -0-17 34-66 27-86 7-98 4-85 3200 o-o 500 662 15 0-18 33-59 26-98 7-97 100 7-49 TYFB N70B 1 460-0 0503 0553 DGP 663 ^ 16 10 0-51 0-52 33-60 33-60 26-97 26-97 7-98 7-98 J* 7-39 TYFB N70B j 3S0-0 0026 0116 f4iv3i \DGP 10 6-4 6-4 490 20 0-52 33-60 26-97 7-98 98- 7-36 TYFV 1 500-1000 0629 0637 5iv3i 20 6-4 490 151 663-668 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 663 cunt. 664 665 666 667 668 Position 53° 34r S, 30° zsr W to 53° 32i' S, 30° 20' W 53° 30' S, 30° 10' W 3 miles S 60° E of Jason I, South Georgia 5i°4i4'S,29°58rW 49° 58!' S, 29° 52i' W to 49° 58I' S, 30^ 13' W Date 48° 09f' S, 29° 59I' W 46°42.VS, 3o°22'Wto 46° 43 1' S, 30° 22' W 1931 4iv 5 IV 15 IV 17 IV 17-18 iv Houi 0800 1200 0520 0800 1200 1644 1800 0000 1400 2000 °24S 0727 Sounding (metres) 18 IV 19 IV 2000 1300 1600 2000 225s 3948* WIND Direction w wsw SWxW wsw WNW NNW o c ^7 33 15 10 18 22 SEA Direction w wsw SW ■: W WSW WNW NNW o 5 5-6 3 2 3 4 Weather c. q. b.c. b.c. o. o.f. Penetration 'of light; St. 663 Hour 1003-1203 Depth (metres) CCS. of N/io uranyl o.xalate decomposed per hour Depth (metres) CCS. of N/io uranyl oxalate decomposed per hour Air I 5 10 15 2-I0- 1-39 I -08 0-85 074 20 25 30 35 40 0-66 0-47 0-29 3275" 4691'^ 4888* 4903' w W X S W X N W X N W E SW :■; S SW X W SWxW SW SW 13 18 14 6 10 25 23 28 33 W W X S w w w E SW X S SWxW SWxW SW SW o. o. o. r. b.c. b.c. b. c. q. b. c. q. b.c. OS CQ-S AirTemp.°C. Dry bulb 998-8 1000-6 1014-0 1015-2 1015-0 1012-5 1014-2 1012-9 1009-8 1007-0 998-0 993-3 982- 987-0 987-6 989-9 991-7 1-8 0-3 0-8 2-6 1-6 3-0 3-4 2-6 2-1 Wet bulb 3-9 3-0 2-9 1-8 3-5 1-4 0-8 0-2 0-5 0-0 0-6 0-8 1-5 2-5 2-3 2-3 1-9 1-5 0-9 i-o 1-4 Remarks heavy W swell V. heavy W swell mod. SW swell heavy SW swell it heavy conf. swell slight W swell mod . W swell mod. W swell heavy WSW gwell mod. conf. swell heavy SW swell 152 R.R.S. Discovery 11 663-668 c HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Remarks Depth Nitrite Nj Nitrate + Nitrite Nj P3O5 mgm. p.m.' TI^^F to < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7oo at PH 0., cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) lilfllll. /Ill . mgm./m.' From To 663 i6 30 0-52 33-60 26-97 7-98 IS3 TYFV 2000-1500 0814 0823 3° 6-4 COIlf. 40 0-52 33-60 26-97 7-97 1°.^ 7-29 )> 1000-750 1156 1203 40 6-4 490 50 0-52 33-60 26-97 7-97 102^ -- jy 750-500 1246 1251 50 6-5 60 0-31 33-7° 27-06 7-96 '°S 7-20 ,, 500-250 1326 133° 60 6-5 490 80 - 0-68 33-96 27-32 7-92 4 — 250-0 1349 1354 80 6-2 490 100 - 1-02 34-14 27-47 7-91 r^i^ 6-40 N50 V 1 00-0 1634 1645 100 5-8 500 150 - o'3o 34-34 27-61 7-88 '3h 150 o-o 510 200 o-io 34-41 27-64 7-87 'Ho 5-21 200 o-o 530 300 070 34-52 27-70 7-82 13^.7 300 0-0 400 0-9S 34-62 27-77 7-87 '3^1 4-43 400 00 540 600 1-34 34-68 27-79 7-91 i3pi 4-19 600 0-0 800 o-8i 34-67 27-81 7-92 139, 13^, 4-49 800 0-0 54° 1000 0-69 34-67 27-82 7-92 1000 o-o 1500 °-43 34-67 27-84 7-92 13^, 4-77 1500 540 2000 0-19 34-67 27-85 7-91 i3?i 2000 o-o 2500 0-05 34-66 27-85 7-96 '3?^ 4-88 2500 0-0 53° 3000 - 0-09 34-66 27-86 7-96 ^3| 135 3000 0-0 35°o -0-24 34-66 27-87 7-97 4-56 3500 510 664 27 1-90 33-71 26-97 — — — N50V 1 00-0 1803 1811 + 2 hours G.M.T. 665 28 2-50 33-8° 26-99 7-93 96 7-11 TYFB } 250-0 0028 0120 DGP 6-9 460 N70B 666 - 29 271 33-84 27-01 7-96 105 7-13 N50 V 1 00-0 1425 1435 7-2 470 10 271 33-84 27-01 7-96 109 — TYFV 250-0 1426 143 1 10 7-2 20 2-69 33-84 27-01 7-96 108 7-12 500-250 1458 i5°3 20 7-0 480 30 2-69 33-84 27-01 7-96 109 750-500 1642 1647 30 6-6 40 2-63 33-84 27-01 7-96 107 106 7-13 1000-750 1735 1739 40 6-7 480 50 2-6o 33-84 27-02 7-96 — I 500-1000 2030 2039 50 7-1 60 2-48 33-84 27-03 7-96 106 7-12 2000-1500 2229 2238 60 7-1 480 80 2-36 33-86 27-05 7-95 10^. 3000-2000 0631 0642 80 6-9 100 1-86 33-9° 27-12 7-94 ^9J- 7-06 TYFB ^ '?2o-o 0310 0400 DGP 100 7-5 480 150 — 0-05 34-13 27-43 7-88 :S: — N70B 1 - 15° o-o 520 200 0-63 34-24 27-48 7-86 5-60 200 0-0 520 300 1-24 34-40 27-57 7-83 H^t 300 0-0 400 176 34-49 27-60 7-84 144,1 4-22 400 o-o 560 600 1-99 34-62 27-69 7-84 3-90 600 800 1-95 34-66 27-73 7-85 139% 3-90 800 — 550 1000 1-94 34-69 27-75 7-86 137- 4-02 1000 — 1500 1-39 34-74 27-83 7-87 '^%'^ 4-20 1500 — 55° 2000 I -02 34-73 27-85 7-94 '4 4-34 2000 2500 0-57 34-70 27-85 7-93 i2i; 4-61 2500 — 53° 3000 0-27 34-69 27-86 7-92 126 4-64 3000 3500 o-io 34-68 27-86 7-92 126 4-69 35°° — 520 4000 — 0-05 34-67 27-86 7-91 126 4-58 4000 45°° -0-25 34-66 27-87 7-93 127 5-06 4500 53° 667 I 6-10 33-89 26-68 8-04 98 6-54 TYFB 1 32°-o 2036 2126 DGP 5-1 N70B 668 ' I 8-59 34-20 26-57 8-08 7^ 6-20 TYFV 250-0 1341 1346 5-5 210 10 8-64 34-20 26-56 8-08 79 — ■)■> 500-250 1415 1419 10 5-3 20 8-66 34-20 26-56 8-o8 79 6-08 n 750-500 1500 i5°5 20 5-2 210 30 8-63 34-20 26-57 8-o8 79 — >» 1000-750 1553 1557 30 5-2 40 8-6i 34-20 26-57 8-o8 80 6-17 »» 1500-0 1710 1735 40 4-9 210 153 668-673 R.R.S. Discovery II WIND SEA i- -^ Oj en Air Temp. °C. Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) Weatirer rt ll Remarks Direction u C Direction 1 Drv bulb Wet bulb 668 colli. 46°42i'S, 30°22'Wto 46°43i'S,3o°22'W 1 93 1 19 iv • 669 47° 04' S, 30° 17' W 21 iv 0708 SWxW 35 WSW 7 o.p.q. 1001-5 47 3-8 heavy WSW swell 670 44° 52' S, 30° 17' W 22 iv 0000 w 19 W 3 b c. q. lOII-I 5-0 2-0 heavy conf. swell 671 43°o8'S,3o°i5f'W 22-23 iv 1300 4561* s 4 s 2 b.c. 1017-9 ii-i 8-3 mod. conf. swell 1600 E 3 — I c. IOI7-I 9-8 8-2 mod. SW swell 2000 ESE 10 ESE 0. 1016-4 9-6 8-1 mod. S swell 0000 E X S 13 E X S 2 0. r. IOI5-I 9-3 9-1 mod. SW swell 0325 E 18 E 2 0. m. IOI3-4 lo-o 9-5 >» 672 40° 25' S, 30° 06' W 23 iv 2100 4287* ESE 8 ESE 2 o.r. 1002-3 15-0 14-8 mod. conf. swell 673 38^^ loj' S, 30° loi' W to 38° 031' S, 29° 48' w 24-25 iv 1400 4234* SWxW 20 SWxW 4 c.p. ioo6'0 16-7 15-0 mod. SW swell 1600 SWx W 21 SW X W 4 b. c. p. 1007-7 i6-i 14-6 mod. conf. swell 2000 SSW 14 SSW 3 b.c. 1012-5 15-0 12-4 )» 0000 0437 WSW WSW 14 10 wsw wsw 'J J 2-3 b. b. 1014-8 1015-4 15-3 15-3 12-9 13-0 mod. W swell 154 R.R.S. Discovery II 668-673 c o HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o,_ 1^ " Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N, p,o= TIME 0-T3 00 < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S 7„„ at pH ^2^5 mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc.p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) mgm./m.' From To 668 ") 5° 8-23 34-18 26-61 8-04 80 TYFV 1500-IOOO 2047 2056 50 4-8 rout. 6o 8-02 34-18 26-64 8-03 81 6-24 TYFB 375-0 2140 2155 DGP 60 4-8 230 8o 6-8i 34-28 26-90 7-98 % 80 0-5 240 100 5-86 34-29 27-03 7-96 94' 5-92 100 0-0 250 ISO 4-76 34-22 27-10 7-95 102'"' 150 0-0 310 380 200 4-02 34-18 27-15 7-93 ''?r 5-94 200 0-0 300 3-40 34- 1 6 27-20 7-93 IIQ.; 300 400 2-86 34-16 27-25 7-92 5-90 400 — 450 600 2-36 34-24 27-36 7-90 4-93 600 800 2-56 34-35 27-43 7-87 ^3^3 4-50 800 — 480 1000 2-51 34-45 27-51 7-89 3-78 1000 1500 2-43 34-63 27-66 7-91 3-98 1500 — 450 2000 2-36 34-73 27-75 7-92 4-32 2000 2500 I -95 34-71 27-76 7-93 :i-^ -4-42 2500 — 420 3000 1-42 34-7° 27-80 7-96 4-32 3000 3500 o-8o 34-68 27-82 7-96 132 4-45 3500 — 450 4000 0-38 34-67 27-84 7-94 137 4-62 4000 4500 0-17 34-66 27-84 7-95 138 4-64 4500 ~ 440 669 3 6-6o 34-29 26-93 8-05 79 6-27 TYFV 2000-1500 0854 0903 4-2 670 4 8-10 34-18 26-63 8-09 74 6-21 TYFB N70B N50V 1 470-^ 1 00-0 0018 0I2I 0108 0127 DGP 3-1 671 - 4 970 34-32 26-48 8-09 2a 73 6-II TYFV 250-0 I3I3 1320 3-7 10 9-53 34-32 26-51 8-09 73 — 500-250 1340 1345 10 3-7 20 9-44 34-32 26-53 8-09 71 6-14 750-500 1427 143 1 20 3-5 30 9-41 34-32 26-53 8-08 70 — I 000-0 I52I 1540 30 3-3 40 9-40 34-32 26-54 8-07 '^%l 6-13 1000-750 1732 1737 40 3-2 50 9-38 34-32 26-54 8-07 71 — 1 500-1000 1843 1853 50 3-2 60 9-30 34-32 26-55 8-07 73 6-13 2000-1500 2019 2029 60 3-3 80 8-IO 34-3° 26-73 8-05 % — N50V 1 00-0 I50I 1513 80 3-3 100 7-86 34-37 26-82 8-01 < 6-00 TYFB I 360-0 0216 0306 DGP 100 3-2 150 7-II 34-47 27-00 7-98 99^ — N70B 150 0-0 200 5-80 34-27 27-02 7-96 1087; 5-85 200 0-0 300 4-08 34-18 27-15 7-93 "i 400 3-60 34-16 27-18 7-87 125,, 5-94 600 2-78 34-22 27-30 7-90 ^35,, 5-50 800 2-58 34-34 27-41 7-89 '+^l 4-67 1000 2-53 34-41 _27-47 7-88 151 . ' 4-29 1500 2-51 34-63 26-65 7-89 1 50°, 3-94 2000 2-48 34-77 27-77 7-89 139, ( 4-32 2500 2-23 34-80 27-81 7-96 139;, 4-53 3000 1-59 34-77 27-84 7-93 139 4-37 3500 0-98 34-72 27-84 7-92 141 4-41 4000 0-48 34-70 27-86 7-92 147 4-56 4400 0-21 34-69 27-87 7-93 150 4-69 672 6 15-65 34-93 25-78 8-12 9 5-36 TYFB N70B - 200-0 2II7 2207 DGP i-o 95 673- 6 17-39 35-16 25-55 8-17 9^ 5-18 TYFV 250-0 1500 1506 0-6 60 10 17-39 35-16 25-55 8-17 9 i> 500-250 I8IO 1815 10 0-0 36 20 17-39 35-16 25-55 8-17 12 5-24 >> 750-500 I9OI 1906 20 0-0 30 17-39 35-16 25-55 8-17 12 — ,, 1000-750 2II9 2124 30 0-0 40 17-39 35-i6 25-55 8-17 ;:> 5-22 ^^ 1500-IOOO 0013 0023 40 0-0 42 ■50 17-38 35-17 25-56 8-16 ,, 2000-1500 0222 0231 50 0-0 60 17-38 35-17 25-56 8-i6 12 5-20 N50V 1 00-0 2330 2335 60 0-0 30 So 100 17-10 14-48 35-24 35-43 25-67 26-43 8-15 8-12 12,, 25,, 4-89 TYFB N70B 1 340-0 0331 0422 DGP 80 100 0-0 0-0 42 89 150 13-48 35-34 26-57 8-10 30 150 00 lOI 155 673-677 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 673 amt. 674 675 676 677 Position 38° loi' S, 30° loi' W to 38° 03rS, 29=48' W 35° 58i' S, 29° 56' W 34^o8'S,29°5orw 33° 431' S, 29° 521' W 31° i6i-' S, 29° 56i' W Date 1931 24-25 iv 25 IV 26 iv 27-28 iv Hour 2000 0900 1200 1600 1905 2200 1500 2000 0000 0406 Sounding (metres) 4519' 2831^ WIND Direction W X N wsw sw NW WNW 14 SEA Direction W X N WSW sw NW WNW Weather b. c. b.c. b.c. c. Penetration ol light; St. 675 Hour 1 100-1300 Depth (metres) ccs. of N/io uranyl oxalate decomposed per hour Depth (metres) 20 25 30 35 40 45 CCS. of N/io uranyl oxalate decomposed per hour Air I 5 10 15 4-87 2-31 2-21 2-19 172 1-54 1-37 i-i6 I -08 1-05 o-8o 0-33 2757' 3694* WNW W X N NW N X E N 14 8 5 5 5 WNW W X N NW N X E N b.c. o. c. c. b. 156 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb I020-I 1019-0 1018-4 1017-4 1017-4 IOI7-6 IOI5-7 IOI5-8 IOI5-I 1013-4 15-4 19-8 21-3 19-5 18-0 Wet bulb 19-0 20-5 21-2 21-2 21-0 14-6 17-4 19-5 17-0 16-4 17-6 18-3 19-8 19-8 19-5 Remarks mod. conf. swell mod . W swell slight WNW swell slight WNW swell slight W swell mod. WSW swell R.R.S. Discovery II 673-677 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o „ 1 Remarks Depth Nitrite Nj mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite Nj mgm./m.^ P,Or, TIME 1 < Depth (metres) Temp. s %. at pH mgin. p.m.^ O2 cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) From To 673 6 200 12-56 35-19 26-64 8-07 30; 4-95 200 0-0 131 cant. 300 10-76 34-91 26-76 8-05 35" 300 260 400 7-88 34-54 26-95 7-99 7^:; 5-14 400 — 600 4-74 34-28 27-15 7-96 K 5-53 600 800 3-86 34-28 27-25 7-96 5-45 800 — 310 1000 3-20 34-28 27-31 7-92 5-14 1000 360 1500 2-78 34-54 27-56 7-85 5-14 1500 — 2000 2-90 34-76 27-72 7-90 139. 4-38 2000 2500 2-80 34-78 27-75 7-96 132. 4-87 2500 — 330 3000 2-28 34-80 27-81 7-95 '36;, 4-78 3000 3500 1-57 34-78 27-85 7-95 140,, 4-36 3500 320 3750 1-16 34-74 27-85 7-93 156' 4-61 3750 674 8 18-10 35-52 25-65 8-17 10 5-13 TYFB N70B 1 280-0 2018 2109 DGP o-o 24 675" 8 ig-02 35-44 25-36 8-16 10 S-°7 NH 1400 0-0 7 10 18-92 35-44 25-38 8-i6 10 — TYFV 1 500-1000 1 106 1114 10 0-0 20 18-92 35-44 25-38 8-i6 10 5-04 2000-1500 1239 1249 20 0-0 6 30 18-88 35-44 25-39 8-i6 10 — 1000-750 1351 1357 30 0-0 40 1 8-86 35-44 25-40 8-16 10/ 5-09 750-500 1437 1443 40 0-0 7 so 18-81 35-44 25-41 8-16 11^ — 500-250 1549 1553 50 0-0 60 l8-20 35-45 25-57 8-15 13 5-20 250-0 1612 1617 60 0-0 18 So 17-01 35-54 25-93 8-12 '3, — 2750-2000 1812 1S26 80 0-0 17 100 16-39 35-54 26-08 8-IO .'3 5-28 N50V 1 00-0 1812 1822 100 0-0 15 150 14-84 35-44 26-36 8-08 lO 22 , 150 0-0 40 200 13-98 35-37 26-49 8-05 34^ 4-81 200 0-0 48 300 13-21 35-31 26-60 8-03 3?. 300 400 12-01 35-13 26-70 8-01 4-73 400 — 270 600 7-63 34-58 27-01 7-97 ■'; 4-70 600 800 4-58 34-36 27-23 7-93 5-23 800 — 310 1000 3-60 34-27 27-27 7-90 117: 5-07 1000 1500 2-8l 34-53 27-55 7-90 128' 4-19 1500 — 320 2000 2-83 34-74 27-71 7-89 -5; 97,, 4-46 2000 2500 2-86 34-88 27-82 7-91 5-06 2500 2750 2-83 34-88 27-82 7-93 90^ 5-14 2750 ~ 300 676 9 19-80 35-60 25-27 8-17 5 5-03 TYFB N70B j 290-0 2216 2306 DGP 0-0 6 677 - 10 21-43 35-68 24-90 8-i8 8^ 4-88 TYFV 250-0 1513 1518 0-0 6 10 21-43 35-68 24-90 8-18 8 — >> 500-250 1542 1547 10 20 21-42 35-68 24-90 8-i8 8 4-90 )» 750-500 1627 1 63 1 20 — 5 30 21-42 35-68 24-90 8-18 8 — )) 1000-750 182I 1826 30 ■is 40 21-42 35-68 24-90 8-17 8 4-85 >1 1500-1000 1944 1955 40 — 5 50 21-42 35-68 24-90 8-17 85 — 1 ^000—0 2145 2215 50 6 60 20-61 35-65 25-09 8-16 8 5-03 I " ^^\mJ\J\m/ \-f 1 2351 0028 60 — 80 18-66 35-71 25-65 8-15 10 — yy 2000-1500* 0201 021 1 80 — 6 100 17-12 35-55 25-91 8-14 10' 5-31 N50V I 00-0 2020 2028 100 — 6 150 200 15-32 14-41 35-38 35-34 26-20 26-37 8-12 8-10 14' 18^ 5-05 TYFB N70B J 420-0 0305 0402 DGP 150 200 — 17 33 300 13-61 35-30 26-51 8-07 < 300 400 12-45 35-12 26-61 8-04 59; 4-85 * ? not fish- ing properly. 400 — 140 600 8-83 34-65 26-89 7-96 "°'l 4-67 600 800 5-09 34-31 27-13 7-92 '< 4-72 800 — 250 1000 3-76 34-28 27-26 7-88 128" 4-95 1000 1500 2-90 34-49 27-51 7-87 129" 4-21 1500 — 2S0 2000 2-80 34-73 27-71 7-87 106' 4-48 2000 2500 2-82 34-84 27-79 7-92 5-02 2500 — 270 3000 2-78 34-86 27-81 7-93 84^^ 5-21 3000 3500 2-43 34-88 27-86 7-93 81 5 -20 3500 270 157 678-683 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 678 679 680 681 682 683 Position 28° 30' S, 29° 58' W 26° o6y s, 30° 061-' w 22°36'S, 3o°oiJ' W 2i°i3'S,29°55i'W 2o°ii'S, 29°57i'W 16° 48' S, 29° 541' W Date 193 1 28 iv 29 IV 30 IV Hour 2200 1500 2000 2306 2200 0800 1200 I35I I V Sounding (metres) 2200 4402" 5095 5272' 4956' WIND Direction N NNW NNW NNW NNE NE X E NE X E 4861* 4801 ' C o o c 16 17 15 10 10 10 E >; N SEA Direction N NNW NNW NNW NNE NE X E NE X E 10 14 u, Weather b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b. b.c. b. c. V. E ••: N b.c. b.c. -»-' I- C5, 1013-6 1013-7 1015-1 1015-3 IO16-2 1015-0 1015-1 1015-1 AirTemp.°C. Dry bulb 23- 25-1 24-6 24-5 25-2 26-0 26-2 26-5 Wet bulb 21-8 22-8 22-8 23-0 22-2 20-8 20-6 23-2 IOI6-2 1014-6 2S-2 26- Remarks mod. W swell slight NW swell slight NE swell slight E swell 21-2 21-2 slight E swell mod. ENE swell 158 R.R.S. Discovery II 678-683 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o _, Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite Nj P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ TIME 0-0 1) ~-^ < Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7,-, at pH 0, cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) mgm./m." From To 678 I I 23-15 36-18 24-79 8-20 4-72 TYFB N70B - 360-0 2014 2104 DGP 679 ' II 25-24 36-56 24-47 8-25 4-60 TYFV 250-0 1526 1531 0-0 6 10 25-24 36-56 24-47 8-25 — 500-250 1607 1611 10 o-o 20 25-16 36-56 24-49 8-25 4-59 750-500 1650 1654 20 0-0 5 3° 25-16 36-56 24-49 8-25 — 1000-670 1747 1754 30 0-0 40 25-16 36-56 24-49 8-25 4-63 1500-IOOO 1913 1923 40 0-0 5 50 24-70 36-50 24-56 8-25 — 2000-1500 2109 2119 50 0-0 60 22-48 36-24 25-02 8-23 I 5-20 N50V 1 00-0 2045 2053 60 0-0 7 80 100 21-28 20-25 36-20 36-07 25-33 25-51 8-21 8-20 I 3' 5-14 TYFB N70B I 300-0 2204 2254 DGP 80 100 O-O 0-0 4 6 150 17-92 36-07 26-11 8-17 8^ 150 0-0 6 200 16-00 35-56 26-18 8-14 14^ 4-80 200 0-0 22 300 13-60 35-25 26-47 8-07 32'^, 300 400 II-81 35-01 26-64 8-04 52^ 4-69 400 — 175 600 8-49 34-6 1 26-91 7-94 82V 4-45 600 800 5-04 34-34 27-16 7-86 98'* 54-64 800 — 240 1000 3-60 34-39 27-36 7-83 1374 ■4-44 1000 1500 2-94 34-70 27-67 7-84 I26i' ' 4-37 1500 — 280 2000 3-05 34-86 27-79 7-88 103^ 5-15 2000 2500 2-97 34-94 27-86 7-92 745 '5-50 2500 — 180 3000 2-78 34-93 27-87 7-94 693 '5-54 3000 3500 2-40 34-90 27-88 7-92 733- ■ 5-49 3500 — 240 4000 1-66 34-82 27-87 7-90 85 5-22 4000 4500 1-12 34-79 27-89 7-90 84 5-02 4500 — 260 5000 0-79 34-72 27-86 7-89 84 4-79 5000 — 270 680 13 26-45 36-98 24-40 8-27 4-47 TYFB N70B - 260-0 2212 2302 DGP 681 " 13 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-30 4-40 TYFV 2000-1500 0914 0923 0-0 2 10 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-30 — I 5 00- I 000 1039 1049 10 20 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-30 4-41 1000-750 II39 "45 20 — 30 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-30 — 750-500 1226 1232 30 40 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-3c? 4-42 500-250 1306 1310 40 — 50 27-20 37-34 24-43 8-30 — 250-0 1326 1331 50 60 25-17 36-98 24-49 8-30 3 4-88 N50V 1 00-0 1338 1345 60 — 80 24-23 37-01 25-09 8-29 h 80 — 100 23-60 36-96 25-24 8-27 4-77 100 — I 150 21-66 36-62 25-54 8-23 8^ 150 — I 200 18-41 36-06 25-98 8-19 lo-^ 4-47 200 — 7 300 14-56 35-40 26-39 8-11 22' 300 400 11-69 35-00 26-66 7-99 53;! 4-33 400 — 100 600 7-25 34-56 27-05 7-87 865_ 4-03- 600 800 4-42 34-41 27-29 7-84 109'* ,4-27 800 — 240 1000 3-40 34-45 27-43 7-83 116^' 4-12 1000 1500 3-20 34-85 27-77 7-85 92^' 4-61 1500 — 170 2000 3-29 34-97 27-85 7-91 713' S-07 2000 2500 3-02 34-96 27-87 7-92 715^ , 5-50 2500 — 180 300Q 2-84 34-96 27-89 7-94 69^' 5-43 3000 3500 2-66 34-94 27-89 7-92 69 5-43 3500 — 170 4000 1-90 34-87 27-90 7-92 88 5-28 4000 4500 1-13 34-85 27-94 7-92 94 5-06 4500 4900 0-42 34-70 27-86 7-91 117 4-69 4900 — 280 682 14 27-00 37-38 24-53 8-30 4-32 TYFB N70B 1 375-0 2220 2310 DGP 683 15 26-95 37-43 24-59 8-30 4-31 TYFB N70B 1 290-0 2216 2307 DGP 159 684-689 R.R.S. Discovery 11 Station 684 685 686 687 688 689 Position i5°37'S, 29°53i'Wto iS°38rs,29°49i'W 14° 28I' S, 29° 48I' W ii°02VS, 29°5i'W 09° 47' S, 29° 51' W 09° 26-i' S, 29° 50^' W 05° 59f' S, 29° 49i' W Date 1931 3 V Hour 0700 1200 1348 3v 4v 5v 6v Sounding (metres) 2200 0800 1200 1600 1933 2200 2200 4927' 5303' 5314" 5031 5400' 5346* WIND Direction E E NE (25 SEA Direction 20 15 15 ENE SE X E E E E SE ESE 19 15 14 18 13 E E NE 15- 19 ENE SE X E E E E SE 4-5 3 3 Weather C. b.c. b. c. ESE b.c. -4-> u Hi. 1013-1 1014-0 IOI3-7 o.p. q. o.p.q. o. b. b.c. 1015-3 1013-3 1012-7 1014-7 1012-2 1012-9 AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb 26-0 27-0 26-1 25-6 Wet bulb 22-0 23-2 21-9 22-3 26-5 24-0 I 27-2 23-6 25-0 26-2 IOI3-8 IOI2-4 26-6 26-6 25-0 23-1 23-9 24-0 Remarks mod. E swell mod. E swell mod. SE swell mod. E swell 24-4 237 mod. E swell mod. E swell 160 R.R.S . Discovery II 684 -689 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o _ o-o M < Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.^ Nitrate + Nitrite N^ mgm./m.' Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7oo at pH P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ 0. cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 684 ' 15 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 4-33 TYFV 2000-1500 0813 0822 0-0 2 10 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 — 1 500- 1 000 0943 0952 10 20 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 4-34 1000-750 1041 1046 20 I 30 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 — 750-500 1225 1230 30 40 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 4-30 500-250 1304 1309 40 50 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-28 — 250-0 1326 1333 50 60 80 60 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-27 4-34 N50V 1 00-0 1336 1345 80 26-80 37-24 24-50 8-27 100 24-46 37-08 25-07 8-26 2 ' 4-68 100 150 22-86 36-89 25-41 8-23 4^ 150 I 16 200 19-00 36-14 25-90 8-17 8^ 4-27 200 300 12-64 35-14 26-58 8-04 57^' 300 400 9-66 34-83 26-89 7-93 76)^ 3-44 400 600 800 220 600 5-32 34-42 27-19 7-84 115^ 4-00 800 3-93 34-42 27-35 7-83 118^' 4-15 230 1000 3-54 — 7-82 114.-" 4-09 1000 1500 3-8i 34-88 27-73 7-87 92^ '4-66 1500 230 2000 3-16 34-93 27-83 7-90 79V 78J 793 5-19 2000 180 2500 2-82 34-90 27-84 7-92 5-12 2500 3000 2-71 34-88 27-83 7-94 5-II 3000 3500 2-53 34-88 27-85 7-93 74 5-27 3500 190 4000 2-06 34-85 27-87 7-93 84 5-18 4000 4500 I-2I 34-83 27-92 7-93 93 4-8i . 4500 4800 240 4800 0-82 34-70 27-84 7-90 97 4-73 290 685 16 26-64 37-30 24-58 8-28 4-31 TYFB N70B [ 350-0 2214 2303 DGP 686 17 27-22 36-75 23-99 8-28 4-29 TYFB N70B - 400-0 2215 2305 DGP 687 - 17 27-51 36-55 23-73 8-28 4-28 TYFV 250-0 1310 1315 0-0 5 10 27-58 36-57 23-74 8-28 — )J 500-250 1342 1347 10 20 27-58 36-57 23-74 8-28 4-29 ,> 750-500 1423 1429 20 I 30 27-58 36-57 23-74 8-28 — )) 1000-750 1518 1523 30 40 27-58 36-57 23-74 8-28 4-26 yy 1 500-1000 1636 1652 40 I 50 27-58 36-57 23-74 8-28 — LH 1415 1600 50 60 27-42 36-69 23-88 ■8-27 4-30 N50V 1 00-0 1845 1855 60 80 I 80 25-58 36-84 24-58 8-25 I 100 24-32 36-94 25-01 8-25 3; 4-77 100 I 150 19-89 36-33 25-81 8-20 '5:, 150 17 200 13-50 35-35 26-51 7-95 60 ^3-o6 200 ~ 49 300 400 9-21 7-31 34-80 34-63 26-94 27-10 7-82 7-79 100 _^ 2-70 300 400 600 800 — 260 600 5-29 34-51 27-27 7-78 130'^ 3-12 800 4-22 34-49 27-38 7-81 132^ 3-63 250 1000 3-93 . 34-53 27-44 7-82 144, 3-67 1000 1500 4-05 34-95 27-76 7-90 77^ 4-84 1500 220 2000 3-37 34-97 27-85 7-92 72> 5-33 2000 2500 3-00 34-96 27-87 7-93 6t' 5-36 2500 200 3000 2-77 34-95 27-89 7-95 74^^ 5-01 3000 3500 2-61 34-94 27-89 7-97 63: 5-40 3500 200 4000 1-96 34-90 27-92 7-96 74 5-23 4000 4500 1-04 34-78 27-89 7-91 84 4-95 4500 250 260 4900 0-74 34-75 27-88 7-90 91 4-74 4900 688 18 27-68 36-54 23-68 8-28 4-30 TYFB N70B } 450-0 2217 2308 DGP 689 19 28-08 36-35 23-40 8-28 4-31 TYFB N70B 1 410-0 2219 2310 DGP 161 690-696 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 Position 03° 171' S, 29° 571' W to 03° 20' S, 30° 03i' W Date 1931 7-8 V 00° 25 f S, 29° 56' w 02° 02I' N, 30° 08' W 02° 59*' N, 29° 59' W to 02°59rN,30°04f'W 04° 05 A' N, 30° 00' W 07° 28' N, 30° oof W o8°54i'N, 3o°o2f'Wto o8°54i'N, 3o°oi' W Hour 1600 2000 0000 0310 9V 10 V 2200 0530 0800 0930 1200 1403 10 V 12 V Sounding (metres) 2130 0900 1200 1600 4894* 4374" 3400* 2849* 3553' WIND Direction 4126* 2200 4281'' 5419' SE SE X E SE X E SE X E ESE NNE ENE ENE ENE as o c IS 19 13 14 SEA Direction ESE SE X E SE X E SE X E 15 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 15 16 15 15 ESE NNE ENE ENE ENE Weather b.c. b. o.q. b. c. p. b.c. b.c. b.c. b. h.< U CO Era OS a p b.c. b.c. b.c. lOIO-O I0II-3 I0I2-2 lOIO-O Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb I0I2-0 I0I2-3 I0I2-2 I0I2-0 I0IO-8 28-3 27-2 27-6 27-2 1012-4 loii-s lOIO-I Wet bulb 27-0 28-0 25-6 25-8 28-0 277 26-3 26-5 25-6 257 25-4 25-4 24-2 24-6 24-4 Remarks 267 25-4 24-4 24-4 25-3 25-0 23-5 22-7 22-3 22-6 mod. SE swell mod. ESE swell mod. SE swell mod. E swell mod. conf. swell mod. conf. swell mod. E swell mod. NE swell 162 R.R.S. Discovery II 690-696 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station o ^^ s ^ Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N, P.Oe mgm. p.m.^ TIME Ot3 < Depth (metres) Temp. "C. S 7:.o at pH O2 cc.p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) mgm./m.^ From To 690 ' 20 28-20 36-00 23-11 8-28 4-34 TYFV 250-0 1611 1617 0-0 4 10 28-20 36-01 23-12 8-28 »» 500-250 1644 1648 10 20 28-16 36-02 23-13 8-28 4-32 l» 750-500 1724 1729 20 — 3 3° 28-09 36-02 23-15 8-28 3 — »» 1000-750 1818 1823 30 40 28-08 36-02 23-16 8-28 3 4-32 „ 1500-IOOO* 0II2 0122 40 — 4 50 28-08 36-02 23-16 8-28 3' — N70 V 1 00-0 0006 0014 50 60 80 28-05 22-89 36-02 36-00 23-17 24-72 8-28 8-19 3 '3 4-35 TYFB N70B \ 460-0 02II 0300 DGP 60 80 3 4 100 17-61 35-91 26-06 8-04 54' 813? 94V , 2-98 100 — 43 15° 200 12-90 12-19 35-29 35-17 26-65 26-70 7-90 7-87 2-38 * ? some ad- mixture from 200-0 m. 150 200 — 57 230 300 10-88 35-03 26-83 7-85 94^1 300 400 9-37 34-88 26-98 7-84 100'* 3 2-63 400 — 250 600 5-43 34-52 27-26 7-76 I28i '3-09 600 800 4-19 34-52 27-40 7-78 128^' '3-72 800 — 250 1000 4-12 34-62 27-49 7-80 128- 3-69 1000 1500 3-99 34-95 27-77 7-89 78?^ U-85 1500 — 230 2000 3-42 34-99 27-85 7-91 7131 5-36 2000 2500 2-93 34-96 27-88 7-92 67i=> /5-27 2500 — 220 3000 2-75 34-95 27-89 7-96 58' ^5-38 3000 3500 2-59 34-94 27-89 7-95 66 5-52 3500 — 220 4000 1-95 34-91 27-92 7-93 82 5-01 4000 4500 0-98 34-78 27-89 7-89 91 4-89 4500 — 270 4800 0-63 34-75 27-89 7-89 96 4-72 4800 — - 290 691 21 27-40 36-28 23-51 8-28 4-37 TYFB N70B [ 400-0 2214 2304 692 22 28-18 36-10 23-19 8-28 4-32 TYFB N70B } 350-0 2216 2308 DGP 693 22 27-91 35-60 22-87 8-29 4-37 TYFV I 500-1 000 0630 0639 0-0 2 10 28-12 35-91 23-06 8-28 — ,, 2000-1500 0813 0822 10 20 28-12 35-91 23-06 8-28 4-34 ,, 1000-750 1204 i2og 20 — I 30 28-12 35-91 23-06 8-28 — ,, 750-500 I3OI 1307 30 40 28-12 35-92 23-07 8-28 4-39 ,, 500-250 1335 1339 40 — I 50 28-02 35-93 23-11 8-28 — )) 250-0 1355 1402 SO 60 27-51 35-98 23-31 8-28 4-41 N50V 1 00-0 0542 0552 60 — 2 80 21-50 35-80 24-97 8-1 1 25 80 — 29 100 15-58 35-50 26-23 7-96 71 2-34 1 00 — 63 150 13-63 35-34 26-53 7-92 78 150 — 170 200 12-80 35-23 26-62 7-88 85 2-24 200 — 220 300 11-41 35-17 26-84 7-87 94 300 400 9-55 34-88 26-95 7-81 116 2-02 400 — 230 600 6-04 34-57 27-22 7-76 130 2-83 600 800 4-89 34-52 27-33 7-76 130 3-16 800 — 220 1000 4-64 34-67 27-47 7-84 126 3-39 1000 1500 4-08 34-94 27-75 7-93 78 5-10 1500 — 220 2000 3-48 34-95 27-82 7-92 71 5-50 2000 2500 2-99 34-84 27-78 7-92 68 5-37 2500 — 220 2750 2-87 34-83 27-78 7-92 68 5-40 2750 — 220 694 23 28-40 35-82 22-90 8-28 4-36 NH TYFB N70B - 210-0 2150 2221 2311 DGP 695 24 26-52 36-30 23-87 8-30 4-41 TYFB N70B j 370^ 2216 2306 DGP 696 24 26-08 36-09 23-85 8-30 4-47 TYFV 2000-1500 1027 1038 0-0 2 10 26-08 36-09 23-85 8-30 — M 250-0 1425 1430 10 20 26-08 36-09 23-85 8-30 4-47 )) 500-250 1450 1454 20 "" 2 163 696-700 R.R.S. Discovery II Station 696 cont. 697 698 699 Position o8° 54i' N, 30° 02 1' W to 08° 54*' N, 30° 01' W 09°i5i'N, 30°oif'W i2°2i|'N, 30°o7i-'W 14° 27i' N, 30° o2i' W Date 1931 12 V 13 V 14 V 700 20° 21V N, 22° 32-i' W Hou 1935 2200 1400 1600 2000 2352 0810 Sounding (metres) 4830* 5830* 5373* WIND Direction ENE . ENE NE X N NE X N NE NE NE o c 15 15 18 14- 18 18 16 16 SEA Direction ENE ENE NE X N NE X N NE NE NE Weather b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. Penetration of light; St. 699 Hour 1420-1620 CCS. of N/10 ccs. of N/io Depth uranyl oxalate Depth uranyl oxalate (metres) decomposed (metres) decomposed per hour per hour Air 4-44 25 1-33 I 2-97 30 I -08 5 270 35 1-04 10 2-09 40 0-8S IS 1-67 45 0-73 20 1-53 4148* NE 17 NE b.c. cOsS 10127 10137 1016-4 I0l6-2 1015-6 1017-4 1017-3 Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 1017-3 25-2 25-0 24-3 23-7 23-5 23-3 23-3 Wet bulb 21-4 22-5 22-6 21-5 20-7 20-7 2I-I 20-4 i8-3 Remarks mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell mod. NE swell 164 R.R.S. Discovery II 696-700 c o HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station O-o < P Remarks Depth Nitrite N, mgm./m.' Nitrate + Nitrite N2 mgm./m.^ Depth (metres) Temp. s 7o, at pH mgm. p.m.^ 0, cc. p.l. Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To 696 30 26-08 36-09 23-85 8-30 _ TYFV 750-500 1527 1532 30 COtlt. 40 26-05 36-09 23-86 8-30 4-50 n 1000-750 1618 1624 40 — 2 50 26-00 36-08 23-86 8-30 — „ 1500-IOOO 1855 1905 50 60 25-65 36-03 23-94 8-28 4-60 N50V 1 00-0 1706 1712 60 — 80 20-20 35-90 25-40 8-II ;/»)24 80 — 27 100 17-08 35-65 25-99 7-98 5^)56 2-78 100 — 47 150 13-05 35-28 26-61 7-91 i5j74 150 — 200 200 11-84 35-13 26-73 7-86 31)76 2-65 200 — 210 300 10-02 34-96 26-93 7-83 3'; 85 300 400 9-09 34-92 27-06 7-75 5^J89 1-73 400 — 220 600 7-43 34-79 27-21 7-73 f'ji36 1-66 600 800 5-86 34-69 27-34 7-72 ( 'J136 2-l8 800 — 250 1000 5-03 34-75 27-49 7-78 ( ■1^23 2-92 1000 1500 4-10 34-95 27-75 7-90 ( )fj90 4-75 1500 — 210 2000 3-47 34-96 27-83 7-94 >079 5-42 2000 2500 3-01 34-95 27-86 7-93 v)'](^ 5-45 2500 — 210 3000 2-72 34-92 27-87 7-93 ii)ll 5-33 3000 3500 2-56 34-91 27-87 7-94 ( 3t)78 5-35 3500 — 210 4000 2-41 34-89 27-87 7-93 81 4-92 4000 4500 2-36 34-88 27-87 7-95 81 5-37 4500 — 210 5000 2-30 34-88 27-87 7-93 86 5-29 5000 5300 2-35 34-88 27-87 7-92 85 5-24 5300 — 210 697 25 25-85 36-22 24-02 8-28 4-52 TYFB N70B j 460-0 2219 2309 DGP 698 26 25-50 36-33 24-21 8-28 4-54 TYFB 470-0 2216 2306 DGP 699 26 23-90 36-34 24-68 8-26 4-63 TYFV 250-0 1411 1415 — 3 10 23-85 36-33 24-69 8-26 — 500-250 1438 1443 10 20 23-81 36-33 24-70 8-26 _ 4-64 " 750-500 1519 1523 20 — I 30 23-81 36-33 24-70 8-26 — 1000-750 1612 1617 30 40 23-81 36-33 24-70 8-26 4-66 1 500-1000 1726 1736 40 — I SO 23-81 36-33 24-70 8-26 — 2000-1500 1914 1925 50 60 22-33 36-47 25-26 8-25 4-80 3000-2000 2145 2204 60 — I 80 21-21 36-62 25-67 8-22 U) 3 — N50V 1 00-0 1540 1546 80 — I 100 18-76 36-51 26-24 8-II 9) 20 3-36 TYFB 370-0 2249 2339 DGP 100 — 28 150 14-40 35-67 26-63 7-92 ( 37;63 150 — 170 200 13-00 35-51 26-80 7-90 3^J8o 2-15 200 — 200 300 1 1 -06 35-20 26-93 7-84 yojgi . 300 400 10-00 35-09 27-03 7-82 ( /vjioo 1-76 400 — 210 600 7-88 34-90 27-23 7-8i( »Ji33 1-86 600 800 6-41 ■ 34-83 27-38 7-80 ( Sl'133 2-37 800 — 240 1000 5-70 34-86 27-50 7-8i( WJ123 2-8l 1000 1500 4-37 34-97 27-74 7-89 ( J'l/89 4-43 1500 — 210 2000 3-52 34-96 27-82 7-92 ivj79 5-10 2000 2500 3-07 34-95 27-86 7-93 1 JJJ76 5-25 2500 — 210 3000 2-82 34-93 27-86 7-92 ii)76 5-29 3000 3500 2-58 34-90 27-86 7-93 m^ 5-29 3500 — 210 4000 2-45 34-88 27-86 7-96 31)11 S-iS 4000 4500 2-34 34-88 27-86 7-96 ( ?X)8i 5-13 4500 — 210 5000 2-31 34-87 27-86 7-96 85 5-25 5000 5300 — 34-87 — 7-95 85 5-31 5300 — 210 700 I 21-40 36-27 TYFB NH 2025-0 0922 0930 1024 1000 DGP + I hour G.M.T. 165 WS 434-439 Station WS434 WS435 WS436 WS437 Position 53° 10' S, 34° o8' W 51° 15' S, 30° 33' W 49° 57' S, 26° 41' W 47° 25' S, 21° 33' w WS438 39° i8i' S, 1° 59' E WS439 38° 27' S, 5° 45' E R.R.S. William Scoreshy Date 1929 18 V 19 V 20 V 21 V Hour 0405 0220 0410 0235 Sounding (metres) 4749 y. M. sm. St. 26 V 1650 27 V 1715 4693 1951 1618 WIND Direction SE SSW SSE NE SEA Direction W X S W X N SE SSW Weather o. q. r. s. NE W X S 0:= 1004-5 1013-1 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb -0-6 -0-8 WNW q. r. s. 1015-8 1009-8 Wet bulb •0-8 1-4 0-6 3-6 1019-3 — o-i 2-9 9-4 1018-3 lO-O 8-1 Remarks 100 V. heavy W swell 166 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 434-439 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. S °/oo al Gear Depth (metres) From To WS434 10 — — — — N70B NiooB 1 91-0 0424 0444 KT WS435 1 1 3-26 33-78 26-91 N50V 1 00-0 0425 10 3-26 33-78 26-91 N70V 50-0 20 3-26 33-78 26-91 100-50 30 3-27 33-78 26-91 250-100 40 3-26 33-78 26-91 500-250 50 3-26 33-79 26-92 750-500 60 3-26 33-78 26-91 1000-750 — 0622 80 100 3-26 2-74 33-78 33-80 26-91 26-97 N70B N 100 B 1 157-0 0655 0715 KT 150 0-95 34-04 27-30 200 1-13 34-20 27-42 300 1-94 34-39 27-51 400 2-22 34-48 27-56 600 2-19 34-55 27-62 800 2-17 34-65 27-70 . 1000 2-o6 34-70 27-75 WS436 12 _ _ _ _ N70B 1 82-0 NiooB 0422 0442 KT WS437 13 6-59 34-05 26-75 N50V 1 00-0 0240 5 6-59 — — N70 V 50-0 10 6-59 34-06 26-75 100-50 20 6-59 34-06 26-75 250-100 30 6-59 34-05 26-74 500-250 40 6-59 34-05 26-74 750-500 50 6-59 34-06 26-75 1000-660 — 0510 60 6-58 34-07 26-76 N70B 1 80 6-50 34-06 26-77 N 100 B 1 170-0 0545 0605 KT 100 6-46 34-07 26-78 150 4-73 34-17 27-07 200 4-13 34-16 27-13 300 3-59 34-15 27-17 400 3-17 34-15 27-21 600 2-69 34-16 27-26 800 2-63 34-25 27-34 1000 2-61 34-39 27-45 WS438 17 10 20 30 40 10-99 10-97 10-97 10-90 10-89 34-14 34-15 34-15 34-13 34-13 26-12 26-13 26-13 26-13 26-13 N70V 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-280 750-520 1700 50 10-72 34-12 26-16 1000-780 — 2000 60 10-67 34-13 26-17 N70B 1 80 10-22 34-15 26-27 N 100 B 1 133-0 2024 2044 KT 100 9-88 34-28 26-43 150 8-93 34-34 26-63 200 8-08 34-31 26-74 300 7-47 34-36 26-87 400 6-55 34-34 26-98 600 6-00 34-3' 27-03 800 4-17 34-20 27-15 1000 3-35 34-21 27-24 ■WS439 18 12-32 34-26 25-97 N50 V 1 00-0 1725 10 12-32 34-24 25-95 N70V 50-0 20 12-32 34-23 25-95 yt 100-55 30 12-32 34-23 25-95 Ji 250-100 167 WS 439-445 Station WS439 cont. WS440 WS441 Position 38° 27' S, 5° 45' E 35° 46' S, 13° 28' E 34° 22' S, 17° 03' E WS442 WS443 WS444 WS445 32°3ii'S, i6°39'E 32° 59i' S, 17° 26I' E 34° ogf S, 18° OS' E 34° 57' S, 18° 46i' E R.R.S. William Scoreshy Date 1929 27 V 29 V 30 V Hour 1717 1735 1722 1730 Sounding (metres) 23 VI 1745 28 vi 1736 WIND Direction WNW WNW NNW WNW WSW fc SEA Direction WNW WNW NW WSW Weather o.p. b.c. SrS 1024-1 ioi9'0 1018-4 1017-9 1012-0 13-9 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 15-2 15-0 16-8 17-5 b.z. 1020-4 17-8 Wet bulb 13-9 15-0 16-0 16-7 13-0 Remarks mod. WNW swell 16-1 very slight SSE swell heavy squall at commence- ment of sta tion with wind ahead of beam haze shore- wards 168 R.R.S. William Scoresby WS 439-445 Station Age of moon (days) WS439 con/. i8 WS440 WS441 WS442 WS443 WS444 '5 i6 WS445 21 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 40 50 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 o 10 20 30 40 SO 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 Soo 1000 Temp. 12-32 i2-2g 12-30 12-28 11-33 10-85 973 9-12 7-83 6-16 4-31 3-35 16-66 16-69 16-69 i6-68 16-65 16-69 16-69 16-69 16-72 14-39 13-88 11-95 10-63 9-06 6-14 3-85 17-09 17-09 17-09 16-49 16-37 16-22 16-00 13-99 13-64 12-21 11-20 9-10 7-87 5-49 3-54 3-13 s 7oo 34-24 34-25 34-24 34-24 34-43 34-77 34-58 34-58 34-49 34-34 34-22 34-20 35-37 35-37 35-37 35-38 35-38 35-37 35-38 35-39 35-38 35-18 35-22 35-00 34-87 34-68 34-44 34-25 35-33 35-33 35-33 35-30 35-25 35-26 35-21 35-08 34-98 34-93 34-83 34-60 34-53 34-37 34-27 34-37 25-95 25-97 25-96 25-96 26-29 26-64 26-69 26-79 26-92 27-03 27-15 27-24 25-89 25-89 25-89 25-90 25-90 25-89 25-90 25-91 25-89 26-26 26-40 26-()2 26-76 26-88 27-11 27-23 25-76 25-76 25-76 25-88 25-87 25-91 25-92 26-26 26-26 26-51 26-62 26-81 26-94 27-14 27-27 27-39 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear N70V N70B N 100 B N50 V N70 V N70B NiooB N50V N70 V NiooB N70B N70B N 100 B N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N70B NiooB Depth (metres) 500-250 133^ 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 124-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 82-0 144^ 159-0 106-0 173^ 90-0 TIME From 2004 1721 To Remarks 2024 2024 1738 KT 2005 2044 2038 2124 1730 1737 1750 1740 2020 2058 2144 KT KT KT 1750 1757 1810 1800 KT KT KT KT 169 WS 446-462 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Sounding (metres) WIND SEA Air Temp. ° C. Station Position Date Hour Direction 8 Direction 1- Weather £r5 =3 Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks 1929 WS446 35° 23' S, 19° 40' E 29 vi 1800 — E I — b.C. 1016-9 15-4 15-3 WS447 35° 16' S, 19° 08' E 30 vi 1730 — NW 6-7 NW 6 0. q. lOIO-I 15-0 14-4 WS448 34°56'S, i9°02'E 17 vii 1740 — SSE 4 SSE 3 b. 1027-1 15-0 14-2 WS449 35°o6J'S, i8°27rE i8vii 1735 — SEx S 3 SEx S I b.C. 1028-6 17-5 15-6 WS450 35° is' S, 18° 58' E 19 vii 1735 — ESE 3 ESE 2 b.C. 1028-8 15-0 14-2 WS451 34°23rs, i8°03i'E 20 vii 1730 — Wx N 3 Wx N 2 b.C. 1025-5 16-6 i5'4 WS452 33° i3i' S, 17° 38i' E 31 vii 1730 — S X E 2 S I b. 1027-3 15-6 14-4 WS453 33°44'S, i8°2ii'E 5 viii 1724 51 SSW 2 — b. 1025-4 15-6 14-1 SW swell WS454 33° loi' S, 17° 38i' E 6 viii 1725 — SSE 1-3 SSE I b. 1021-8 15-8 14-4 WS455 34° 09' S, 18° 05' E 7 viii 1746 — E 2 E I b.C. 1019-4 18-3 17-9 WS456 33° 031' S, 17° 05' E 4ix 1815 — SSE 5 SSE 4 b.C. 1018-2 15-8 15-6 WS457 33°35'S, i7°2oi'E 5i^ 1809 — SE 6 SE 6 b.C. 1017-4 15-0 14-4 WS458 33° 10' S, 17° 34I' E 6ix 1820 — S X E 2 S X E 2 b. 1016-7 15-6 15-0 WS459 33°4ol'S, i6°5si'E II ix 1820 — NE 2 — 0. 1017-4 14-4 13-9 heavy SSW swell WS460 35° 071' S, 17° 461' E 12 ix 1825 ^ NW 4 NNW 3 0. 1017-5 15-0 15-0 WS461 WS462 42° 37' S, 05° 40' E 44° 07' S, 01° 43' E 15 X 16-17 1 9 14 1850 — WNW 4 WNW conf. 4 2 0. m. r. f. 1017-8 1009-1 94 7-2 9-4 7-2 4663 X 170 R.R.S. William Scoresby WS 446-462 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7oo at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS446 22 — — — — N70B NiooB 1 77^ 1808 1828 KT WS447 23 — — — — N70B NiooB • 142-0 1738 1758 KT WS448 II — — — — N70B Nioo B [ 82-0 1745 1805 KT WS449 12 — — — — N70B NiooB lOI-O 1742 1802 KT WS450 13 — — — — N70B N 100 B ' 93-0 1739 1759 KT WS451 H — — — — N70B Nioo B y loi-o 1737 1757 KT WS452 25 — — — — N70B NiooB 69-0 1736 1758 KT WS453 — ~ — — N70B N 100 B [ 47^ 1726 1735 KT WS454 I — — — — N70B NiooB - 1 13-0 1731 1751 KT WS455 2 — — — — N70B NiooB I 102-0 1750 1810 KT WS456 I — — — — N70B N 100 B I 84-0 1821 1841 KT WS457 2 ~ — — — N70B NiooB I lOI-O 1816 1837 KT WS458 3 — — — — N70B NiooB j 97-0 1831 1853 KT WS459 8 — — — — N70B NiooB 82-0 135^ 1830 1922 1850 1942 KT KT WS460 9 — — — — N70B N 100 B 1 III-O 1832 1852 KT WS461 13 — — — — N70B N 100 B I I2I-0 1917 1937 KT WS462 M 5 5-99 5-99 — — N70B N 100 B \ 126-0 1855 1915 KT 10 5-99 — — N50 V 1 00-0 2315 20 6-24 — — N70 V 50-0 30 6-24 — — »> 100-50 40 6-24 — — ,, 250-100 50 6-19 — — >> 500-250 60 6-19 — — »> 800-500 80 6-19 — — »i 1000-750 — 0320 100 6-15 150 5-99 200 5-29 300 4-19 400 3-59 171 WS 463-470 Station WS463 Position 49°i8'S, I5°4S'W WS464 53° 40' S, 37° 33' W WS465 WS466 WS467 WS468 52° 57' S, 42° 52' W 52° 34' S, 48° 48' W 52° 00' S, 54° 13' W 55° 52' 5,56° 53' W WS469 56° 42' S, 57° 00' w WS470 57° 50' S, 57° 27' W R.R.S. William Scoreshy Date 1929 21-22 X Hour 231S 31 X 2 XI 3x1 9-10 xi 2155 Sounding (metres) 838 2200 2215 1830 WIND Direction 4344 gy. y.M. i. y. bl. S. 1400 1405 3959 gy.M. S. 3572 NW NW 5 SEA Direction NW NW NW N NW wsw 3-4 W N NNW NW N NW Weather OS Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb 987-6 3-9 3-6 b. b. b. c. b. c. 997-9 998-3 3-3 1-4 1004-9 5'0 999-4 k-6 5-6 5-3 970-8 6-7 989-4 5-8 3-1 5-0 5-6 4-4 6-4 5-2 Remarks 172 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 463-470 Station WS463 Age of moon (days) 19 WS464 WS465 WS466 WS 467 WS468 29 WS469 WS470 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) O 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2500 o 10 20 30 40 5° (30 So 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 Temp. °C. 2-48 2-30 2-35 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-26 2-30 2-30 5-09 5-09 5-04 5-07 5-00 4-96 4-89 477 4-54 4-39 4-34 4-19 4-04 370 3-30 3-12 3-02 2*42 3-49 3-44 3-39 3-38 3-38 3-29 3-i8 3-01 277 2-54 2-09 2-09 2-l8 2-20 2-34 2-37 2-49 2-10 1-36 1-84 s 7,... 34-12 34-12 34-12 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-16 34-16 34-16 34-17 34-20 34-20 34-19 34-23 34-25 34-10 34-10 34-10 34-10 34-10 34-11 34-12 34-11 34-10 34-10 34-09 34-12 34-18 34-28 34-48 34-58 34-69 3471 34-70 33-94 26-99 26-99 26-99 27-00 27-01 27-01 27-02 27-06 27-08 -/ 10 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 27-11 27-15 27-17 27-19 27-27 27-30 27-14 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-15 27-17 27-19 27-20 27-21 27-23 27-26 27-28 27-32 27-40 27-55 27-63 27-71 27-76 27-80 27-16 N50 V N70V N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N70B N 100 B N70B NiooB N50V N70 V Depth (metres) N70B N 100 B N50V N70 V N70B NiooB N50 V 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 135-0 91-0 128-0 173-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 193-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 123-0 TIME From 2325 To 0150 2200 2220 2205 2210 2221 1835 0055 2225 KT Remarks KT 2230 2242 2230 0115 1400 2012 KT KT. Part of catch lost KT - heavy stray on wire very heavy stray on wire 1710 2032 1405 KT 173 WS 470-473 Station WS470 coiit. Position 57° 50' S, 57° 27' W WS471 58° 53' S, 57° 54' W WS472 59°42|'S, 58°oi' W WS473 60° 32i' S, 58° 21' W R.R.S. William Scoreshy Date 1929 II xi Hot 0400 Sounding (metres) f. y. S.sm. bl. St. 1440 13 XI 043 s 3762 gy. M. WIND Direction 3580 y. M. 3205 WNW SEA Direction WNW w WNW Weather w w 0) « 6:2 b.c. b. AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb 982-4 2-3 Wet bulb 2-2 984-6 5-3 990-6 4-4 0-6 Remarks 174 R. R. S. William Scoreshy WS 470-473 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon (days) Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7„, ut Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To WS470 10 10 I-81 33-95 27-17 N70 V 50-0 colli. 20 30 I-I3 I-IO 33-95 33-96 27-21 27-22 " 100-50 250-100 40 1-09 33-95 27-22 ,, 500-250 • 50 I-IO 33-95 27-22 ») 750-500 60 80 100 I-IO I-IO 0-99 33-99 33-99 34-00 27-25 27-25 27-26 N70B NiooB 1000-750 122-0 1909 1630 1929 KT 150 0-70 34-01 27-29 200 1-09 34-10 27-34 300 1-90 34-22 27-38 400 (300 800 2-02 2-12 2-22 34-34 34-54 34-65 27-46 27-62 27-69 1000 I-5I 34-70 27-79 2000 1-49 34-72 27-81 3000 0-90 WS471 II — 0-12 33-94 27-28 N50V 200-0 0400 10 -0-15 33-94 27-28 N70V 1 00-0 20 -0-15 33-94 27-28 )) 200-100 30 — 0-19 33-94 27-28 n 500-200 40 -0-32 33-95 27-30 n IOOO-4S0 50 - 0-50 33-97 27-32 )i I 500-1000 60 80 100 - 0-58 - 0-66 -0-82 33-97 33-99 34-05 27-32 27-34 27-40 N70B N 100 B 2000-1500 I 1 0-0 0940 0750 1000 KT 125 o-oo 150 0-92 34-24 27-46 200 1-46 34-37 27-53 300 1-90 34-51 27-61 400 600 800 2-00 1-60 1-22 34-63 34-73 34-73 27-70 27-81 27-83 1500 1-35 34-76 27-85 2000 0-91 34-73 27-86 3000 0-39 34-72 27-88 WS472 II — o-io 33-99 27-32 N50V 200-0 1515 10 — 0-22 33-99 27-32 N70V 1 00-0 20 — 0-26 33-99 27-32 »> 200-100 30 — 0-30 33-99 27-33 >> 500-200 40 -0-38 33-99 27-33 )» 1000-500 50 ^ 0-42 34-00 27-34 n 150O-IOOO 60 80 100 -0-42 - 0-80 - 0-45 34-00 34-05 34-14 27-34 27-39 27-45 N70B NiooB 2000-1500 j 125-0 2126 2115 2146 KT 125 0-00 150 0-84 34-40 27-59 200 300 1-16 1-88 34-51 34-63 27-66 27-71 400 1-91 34-65 27-72 i 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 1-74 1-54 1-40 0-95 0-66 0-09 34-72 34-72 34-71 34-72 3471 34-67 27-79 27-80 27-81 27-84 27-86 27-86 WS473 12 -0-49 34-01 27-35 N50V 200-0 0335 10 - 0-49 33-99 27-33 N70V 1 00-0 20 - 0-49 34-01 27-35 „ 200-100 175 WS 473-476 R.R.S, William Scoreshy Station WS473 cont. WS474 WS475 Position 60° 2,2V S, 58° 21' w 61° 03' S, 56° 42' w 61° 48' S, 55° 51' W WS476 62° 16' S, 58° 18' w Date 1929 13x1 13x1 14 XI Hour 1530 0730 Sounding (metres) 2813 gy.M. d. S. 1047 d. gy. M. 14 XI 1825 542 d. gy. M. WIND Direction o NW NW NE SEA Direction fe WNW NW Weather NE 176 b. c. o = 997-9 997-1 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb o. q. r. 994-6 Wet bulb 2-5 1-7 Remarks very heavy swell R.R.S. William Scoresby WS 473-476 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7oo at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS473 12 30 - 0-49 34-01 27-35 N70 V 500-200 COIlt. 40 50 — 0-6 1 - 0-69 34-01 34-04 27-36 27-38 »» ») 1500-IOOO 2000-1500 60 -0-72 34-04 27-38 n 1000-500 — 0855 80 95 -0-88 -0-84 34-05 27-40 N70B NiooB 1 1 18-0 0925 0945 KT 100 0-18 34-18 27-46 . 125 0-60 150 1-36 34-34 27-51 200 1-88 34-43 27-55 300 1-82 34-51 27-61 400 1-94 34-59 27-67 600 2-OI 34-69 27-74 800 i-gi 34-68 27-75 1000 1-86 34-70 27-76 1500 1-45 34-72 27-81 2000 1-13 3000 o-6i 34-70 27-85 WS474 12 ~ 0-50 34-01 27-35 N50V 200-0 1530 10 - 0-57 34-01 27-35 N70 V 1 00-0 20 — 0-62 34-01 27-36 „ 200-100 30 - 0-70 34-01 27-36 ,, 500-200 40 - 0-72 34-02 27-37 ,, 1000-480 SO - o-8o 34-02 27-37 „ I 500- I 000 60 - 0-85 34-04 27-39 u 2000-1480 — 1900 80 100 — 0-92 o-o8 34-04 34-28 27-39 27-54 N70B NiooB i I 00-0 2301 2321 KT 150 I -02 34-51 27-67 200 1-72 34-60 27-69 300 I -So 34-63 27-71 400 I -So 600 1-71 34-67 27-75 800 — 34-73 1000 — 34-73 1500 0-83 34-71 27-85 2000 0-52 34-70 27-86 2500 0-37 — — — — — water bottle touched bottom WS475 13 - 0-80 34-03 27-38 N50 V 200-0 0820 10 - 0-83 34-03 27-38 N70V 1 00-0 20 - 0-83 34-03 27-38 ,, 200-100 30 -0-83 34-04 27-39 ») 500-200 — 1000 40 -0-83 34-04 27-39 50 - 0-83 34-05 27-40 60 - 0-91 34-15 27-48 80 -0-80 34-17 27-49 100 -0-75 150 — 0-50 34-33 27-61 200 -0-32 34-39 27-65 300 — 0-29 34-52 27-75 400 ~ 0-65 . 34-56 27-80 600 -0-93 34-57 27-82 800 - 1-19 34-61 27-86 WS476 13 — 0-65 34-05 27-39 N50V 200-0 1820 10 -0-68 34-05 27-39 N70V 1 00-0 20 -0-72 34-05 27-39 ,, 200-100 30 — 0-60 34-05 27-39 ,, 500-200 — 2035 40 50 — 0-62 — 0-70 34-06 34-06 27-40 27-40 N70B N 100 B 1 91-0 2054 2II5 KT 60 -0-73 34-10 27-43 177 WS 476-479 R.R^S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction o SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks WS476 cont. 62°i6'S, 58°i8'W WS477 62° 20I' S, 58° 14' w WS478 62° 24I' S, 58° 06I' w WS479 62°32i'S,57°55'W 1929 14 xi 14-15 xi 2150 1892 d.y. M. 15x1 1050 1970 15-16 xi 2225 1523 y.d.gy.M. ENE NE NE N 991-3 978-1 0-8 0-8 984-6 0-6 i-i 178 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 476-479 HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. C. S °Lo at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS476 13 80 -0-71 34-15 27-47 COltt. 100 150 200 250 300 400 ~ 0-64 -0-25 -0-25 0-24 0-52 0-20 34-18 34-35 34-36 34-53 34-55 27-50 27-61 27-62 27-72 45° 0-22 34-58 27-77 — — — — water bottle touched 2000 hrs. bottom WS477 14 - o-8o 33-97 27-33 N50 V 200-0 2150 10 - o-8o 33-97 27-33 N70 V 1 00-0 20 - 0-80 33-97 27-33 200-100 30 - 0-79 33-99 27-35 500-200 40 - 0-83 33-99 27-35 1000-500 50 - 0-91 34-00 27-36 I 500-1 000 60 — I -00 34-14 27-48 1200-840 — 0140 80 -0-95 34-16 27-49 N 100 B 140-0 0210 0230 KT 100 - o-6i 34-32 27-60 150 0-12 34-45 27-68 200 0-40 34-49 27-69 300 0-75 34-61 27-77 400 0-20 34-62 27-81 600 - 0-28 800 -1-46 34-61 27-83 1000 — 1-34 34-60 27-82 — — . — heavy stray on wire 1500 - 1-58 — — — — water bottle touched bottom 0100 hrs. WS478 14 10 20 30 40 50 -0-86 - 0-90 - 0-90 - 0-90 - 0-90 - 0-90 34-02 34-02 34-02 34-02 34-02 34-04 27-37 27-38 27-38 27-38 27-38 27-39 N70V 1 00-0 200-100 500-200 1000-500 1500-960 2000-1500 1020 60 - 0-92 34-05 27-40 N50V 200-0 — 1518 80 -0-94 34-24 27-55 NiooB 146-0 1535 1555 KT 100 - 0-75 34-26 27-56 150 - 0-05 34-42 27-66 200 0-04 34-50 27-72 300 o-ii 34-59 27-79 400 0-20 34-58 27-78 600 - 1-27 34-56 27-83 800 - 1-51 34-60 27-86 1000 - 1-57 34-61 27-87 1500 - 1-66 34-61 27-88 WS479 15 - 0-90 33-98 27-34 N50V 200-0 222S 10 - 0-90 33-97 27-34 N70V 1 00-0 20 - 0-90 33-97 27-34 )) 200-100 30 - 0-91 33-97 27-34 ,, 500-200 40 — 0-92 33-98 27-34 »» 1000-500 50 ~ 0-92 34-15 27-48 J) I 500- I 000 — 0210 60 — 0-92 34-22 27-54 N70B 1 132-0 0253 0313 KT 80 -0-89 34-30 27-60 NiooB 100 - 0-82 34-34 27-63 150 - o-6o 34-42 27-68 200 -0-37 34-50 27-74 300 — o-oi 34-67 27-86 400 -0-85 34-58 27-83 600 - 1-35 34-61 27-87 800 - 1-57 34-61 27-88 1000 ^1-67 1250 - 1-72 34-62 27-89 179 WS 480-484 R.R,S. William Scoreshy Station WS480 Position 62°5ii'S,s7°47i'W WS481 WS482 WS483 WS484 62° 59' S, 57° 28' W 63° 10' S, 57° 16J' W 62° 46f ' S, 59° 37I' W 62° 54' S, 59° 28' W Date 1929 16 xi 16 xi Hour 0430 0910 1019 Sounding (metres) 740 gn.M. 453 G. sm. St. 403 WIND Direction NWxN 16 xi 21 XI 0700 1150 152 sm. St. 1420 gy. gn. M. 1008 gn. M. NE NNE Ex S u, SEA Direction NWxN W Ex S NE & Weather b.. b. c. f. o. b.c. OS a c 990-5 991-4 992-3 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 998-2 999-0 1-7 2-5 1-7 Wet bulb 1-4 2-2 -0-6 Remarks 180 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 480-484 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. S 7oo at Gear Depth (metres) ° C. (metres) From To WS480 15 -0-78 34-21 27-52 N50V 200-0 0430 10 - 0-80 34-22 27-53 N70V 1300-940 — Net touched bottom 20 - o-8o 34-25 27-56 n 1000-500 — — J) >» )) 30 - 0-80 34-23 27-54 n 500-200 40 - o-8o 34-24 27-55 n 200-100 50 - 0-85 34-40 27-68 ,, 1 00-0 — 0714 60 — 0-46 34-58 27-81 N70B 1 80 -0-13 34-57 27-79 NiooB 1 00-0 0729 0749 KT 100 o-io 34-59 27-79 150 - 0-20 34-61 27-82 175 -°7i 200 — i-oo 34-61 27-86 300 - 1-09 34-57 27-83 400 — I-oo 34-59 27-84 600 — 1-09 34-59 27-85 WS481 IS - i-i8 34-47 27-75 N50V 200-0 0912 10 - 1-25 34-50 27-78 N70 V 200-100 20 - 1-28 34-51 27-78 )» 1 00-0 30 - 1-28 34-51 27-78 ,, 500-200 — 1000 Net touched bottom 40 50 - 1-29 — 1-29 34-51 34-50 27-78 27-78 N70B N 100 B 1 109-0 1046 1 108 KT 60 - 1-29 34-50 27-78 80 -- 1-29 34-50 27-78 100 - 1-28 34-50 27-78 150 " 1-25 34-51 27-78 200 - 1-28 34-50 27-78 300 - 1-28 34-52 27-79 400 - 1-25 34-53 27-80 WS 482 15 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 125 - 1-18 - 1-30 -1-36 -1-38 - 1-35 - 1-35 -1-36 -1-36 -1-38 - 1-40 34-51 34-50 34-51 34-51 34-52 34-52 34-52 34-51 34-52 27-78 27-78 27-79 27-79 27-79 27-79 27-79 27-79 27-80 N70B N 100 B 1 -- 1325 1336 KT WS483 20 - 0-78 34-02 27-37 N50V 1 00-0 0705 10 -0-79 34-03 27-38 N70V 50-0 20 - 0-78 34-03 27-3S ,, 100-50 30 ~ 0-70 34-09 27-42 ,, 250-100 40 — o-6o 34-12 27-44 )» 500-240 50 -0-55 34-14 27-46 ») 750-500 60 — 0-50 34-16 27-47 )> 1000-750 — 0905 80 100 -0-47 — 0-40 34-17 34-23 27-48 27-53 N70B NiooB 1 107-0 1002 1022 KT 150 -0-14 34-36 27-62 200 — 0-30 34-40 27-65 300 -0-32 34-52 27-75 400 -0-71 34-54 27-80 600 — i-oi 34-60 27-85 800 - 1-19 34-58 27-84 1000 -1-76 34-61 27-89 1300 - 1-54 34-61 27-88 WS484 20 - 0-70 34-03 27-37 N50 V 1 00-0 II55 10 -0-71 34-03 27-37 N70V 50-0 20 -0-73 34-03 27-37 100-50 181 WS 484-487 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS484 cont. WS485 WS486 Position 62° 54' S, 59° 28' W 63° 021' s, 59° 17' W Date 1929 21 xi 21 xi 63° Hi' S, 59° 13' W WS487 21 XI Hour 1630 2017 63° 17' S, 59° 20' W 22 XI Sounding (metres) 805 gy. gn. M. f. d. S. 787 gn. M. WIND Direction SSE SE 0430 790 gn.M. SEA Direction SE X E SSE SE Weather O. C. SE X E 999-4 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 1000-6 c. m. s. 1003-9 Wet bulb 1-7 2-5 Remarks 182 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 484-487 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. S "1,0 Gear Depth (metres) °C at (metres) From To WS484 20 3° -0-73 34-°3 27-37 N70V 250-100 cont. 40 -0-73 34-05 27-39 )) 500-250 5° — 0-50 34-29 27-57 >» 750-500 60 -0-39 34-33 27-60 ,, 950-740 — 1352 80 100 — o-io — 0-02 34-39 34-42 27-64 27-65 N70B NiooB J 134-0 1446 1506 KT 150 0-25 34-51 27-72 200 0-20 34-52 27-73 300 o-o8 34-59 27-79 400 — 0-65 34-60 27-83 (300 - i-i6 34-60 27-85 800 - 1-5° 34-62 27-89 950 - 1-51 34-62 27-89 WS485 20 — 0-70 34-05 27-39 N50V 1 00-0 1635 10 - 0-70 34-06 27-40 N70V 50-0 20 — 0-70 34-05 27-39 JJ 100-50 30 -072 34-07 27-41 J> 250-100 40 -0-86 34-23 27-54 )) 500-250 50 - 0-84 34-26 27-56 J» 750-500 — 1755 60 80 - 0-84 - 0-85 34-23 34-24 27-54 27-55 N70B NiooB 1 164-^ 1840 1900 KT 100 - 0-92 34-33 27-62 150 - 1-04 34-44 27-72 200 - 0-90 34-52 27-78 300 — 1-20 34-52 27-79 400 - 1-27 34-53 27-80 — — — — 1 600 - I-2I 34-55 27-82 — — — — > heavy stray on wire 750 - i-i8 34-54 27-81 — — — — -' WS486 20 — 0-70 — — N50V 1 00-0 2020 10 — 0-70 34-10 27-43 N70V 50-0 20 — 0-70 34-10 27-43 >» 100-50 30 — 0-70 34-10 27-43 »» 250-100 40 — 0-70 34-10 27-43 n 500-250 50 -0-75 34-15 27-48 >> 700-500 — 2135 60 80 -0-95 -0-95 34-34 34-42 27-64 27-69 N70B N 100 B 1 109-0 2215 2235 KT 100 — 0-22 34-52 27-75 150 -0-43 34-55 27-79 200 — 0-69 34-56 27-80 300 - 1-25 34-57 27-83 400 - 1-24 34-57 27-83 — — — — 600 " I-17 34-60 27-85 — — — — y hea\'y stray on wire 750 - I-IO 34-6i 27-87 — — — — ' WS487 21 -0-86 34-28 27-58 N50V 1 00-0 0430 10 -0-88 34-28 27-58 N70 V 50-0 20 -0-89 34-28 27-58 T) 100-50 30 - 0-89 34-28 27-58 n 250-100 40 - 0-89 34-30 27-60 n 500-250 50 — 0-90 34-32 27-61 >> 750-500 — 0545 60 ~ I -00 34-38 27-67 N70B lOI-O 0618 0638 KT 80 - 1-36 34-49 27-76 NiooB 100 - 1-39 34-51 27-78 150 - 1-33 34-55 27-82 200 - 1-28 34-57 27-84 300 - 1-25 34-57 27-84 400 - 1-25 34-60 27-86 600 — 1-22 34-60 27-86 750 - 1-45 34-61 27-88 183 WS 488-492 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS488 WS489 63° 38' S, 62° 32' W WS490 WS491 WS492 Position 63°5a'S,62°3o'W 63° 24i' S, 62° 35V W 63° 12' S, 62° 26' W 62°5oJ'S,6i°s3'W Date 1929 22 xi 22-23 xi 23 XI 23x1 Hour Sounding (metres) 1650 1925 !2S5 0240 0630 WIND gy-gn- M. G. 308 gn. M. 262 S. gy. gn. M. G. 170 ?R 526 ?M Direction ESE ESE ESE SW ssw SEA Direction conf. SSW Weather b.c. b. b. b.c. b. o S no 1004-5 10047 1004-2 1003-9 1002-6 .4irTemp. °C. Dry bulb 2-1 Wet bulb o-i 0-8 0-8 2-2 0-3 0-0 Remarks 184 R.R.S, William Scoreshy WS 488-492 1 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. Gear Depth (metres) C. S /,:,o at (metres) From To WS488 21 - 1-04 33-86 27-24 N50 V lOO-O 1655 10 - I -08 33-86 27-24 N70 V 50-0 20 — i-io 33-86 27-24 »1 lOG-50 30 - I-I4 33-86 27-24 ,, 200-100 — 1730 40 SO - 1-18 - i-i8 33-87 33-86 27-27 27-25 N70B N 100 B 1 107-0 1755 ISI5 KT ■ 60 — I -20 33-92 27-30 80 - o-8i 34-13 27-45 100 — 0-22 34-39 27-64 150 0-40 34-53 27-73 200 0-97 34-68 27-81 WS489 21 - 0-82 . 33-98 27-34 N50V 1 00-0 1927 ID - 0-85 33-97 27-33 N70V 50-0 20 - 0-88 • 33-97 27-34 ,, 100-50 30 - 0-92 33-97 27-34 yy 280-100 — 2000 40 50 — 0-92 - 1-05 33-99 33-99 27-35 27-36 N70B NiooB } 97-0 2125 2145 KT 60 - I -08 34-05 27-40 80 — 0-96 34-12 27-45 V 100 - o-8o 34-17 27-49 — — — — temperature at 125 metres - -0-87 150 — 0-07 34-39 27-64 200 0-48 34-56 27-74 290 0-88 34-62 27-77 WS490 21 - 0-65 34-02 27-37 N50V 1 00-0 2300 10 -0-55 34-03 27-37 N70 V 50-0 20 — 0-50 34-12 27-44 )) 100-50 30 - 0-58 34-15 27-47 )> 250-100 — 2337 40 -0-52 34-15 27-47 N70B 1- 98-0 0010 0030 KT 50 -0-51 34-18 27-49 NiooB J ^ 60 -0-51 34-19 27-50 80 — 0-50 34-19 27-50 100 — 0-40 34-23 27-53 150 — 0-12 34-36 27-61 200 0-24 34-43 27-66 250 0-55 34-57 27-75 WS491 22 - 0-67 34-06 27-40 N50 V 1 00-0 0245 10 - 0-65 34-06 27-40 N70V 50-0 20 — 0-70 34-07 27-41 ,. 100-50 30 -0-74 34-07 27-41 .. 160-100 — 0312 40 50 -0-74 -0-74 34-05 34-08 27-39 27-41 N70B N 100 B 1 96-0 0334 0354 KT 60 -0-74 34-12 27-44 80 — 0-70 34-20 27-51 100 — o-6o 34-22 27-51 150 — 0-05 34-42 27-65 WS492 22 — 0-65 33-94 27-30 N50 V 1 00-0 0635 10 - 0-70 33-96 27-32 N70V 50-0 20 -0-72 33-94 27-30 ») 100-50 30 -0-72 33-95 27-31 )) 250-100 40 - o-8o 34-03 27-38 Jt 500-250 — 0727 50 - 0-84 34-00 27-35 N70B \ 87-0 0830 0850 KT 60 — o-go 34-01 27-37 N 100 B J ' 80 — I -02 34-06 27-41 100 - 1-05 34-13 27-46 150 -0-98 34-18 27-51 200 - 0-83 34-29 27-58 — — — — temperature at 250 metres - -0-43 300 0-25 34-45 27-67 — — — temperature at 350 metres 0-49 400 1-07 34-6i 27-76 500 0-96 34-67 27-80 185 24 WS 493-498 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather 4^ U Air Temp. '" C. Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks WS493 62° 51' S, 60° 34' w 1929 23 xi 1335 220 d.M.c.S. SW WS494 WS495 A. 63° 15' S, 61° 05' W B. 63° 37J' S, 61° 16' W 67° 47' S, 73° 51' W WS496 67° 14' S, 70° 12' w WS497 WS498 67° 05' S, 70° 40' w 66°2i'S, 69°oi'W 28 xi 22 XII 0803 1 145 0000 1035 gy.M.d.S sm. St. 505 G.S.M. 2582 y. M. 30x11 0940 631 gy. gn. M. 1930 I i 2-3 1 1316 2315 534 ?y- gn. M. 398 gy.M. sm. St. NE NNE SSE ESE 1-2 SW ESE b., c. b.c. 997-2 2-0 0-3 993-4 994-2 1000-6 3-4 — 2-2 -0-6 3-3 -2-5 in pack ice. NNW swell 992-4 2-5 1-4 N swell 997-0 995-6 2-8 1-7 -0-6 N swell W swell 186 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 493-498 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. Depth S '/oo at Gear (metres) From To WS493 22 — 0-50 34-07 27-40 N50 V 1 00-0 1337 10 — 0-50 34-07 27-40 N70V 50-0 20 -0-52 34-07 27-40 )) 100-50 30 - o-6i 34-16 27-47 »» 200-100 — 1409 40 50 — o-6o — o-6o 34-14 34-14 27-46 27-46 N70B NiooB j 104-0 1440 1500 KT 60 -0-49 34-17 27-48 80 -0-43 34-19 27-49 100 -0-39 34-22 27-51 150 -0-15 34-36 27-62 200 0-19 34-50 27-71 WS494 27 WS495 21 - 1-25 33-51 26-98 N50 V 1 00-0 0000 10 - 1-22 33-66 27-09 N70V 50-0 20 - 1-52 33-77 27-19 .. 100-50 30 - 172 33-91 27-31 »» 250-100 40 -1-78 33-95 27-34 >> 500-250 50 - I -80 33-99 27-38 „ 750-500 60 - i-8i 34-02 27-40 )» 1000-750 — 0420 80 - i-8i 34-05 27-43 100 - I -80 34-07 27-44 150 — I-I2 34-23 27-55 200 -0-34 34-39 27-65 300 0-52 34-61 27-78 400 I-IO 34-68 27-80 600 1-22 34-70 27-81 800 I-II 34-70 27-82 1000 0-95 34-71 27-84 WS496 29 0-63 32-98 26-47 N50V 1 00-0 0950 10 - 0-02 33-19 26-67 N70V 50-0 20 — 0-40 33-53 26-96 ,. 100-50 30 - I-I3 33-69 27-12 »» 250-100 40 - 1-42 ^3-77 27-19 »» 600-250 — 1125 5° - 1-57 33-82 27-24 N70B \ 106-0 1249 1309 KT 60 - 1-66 33-90 27-30 N 100 B 80 - I -80 33-98 27-37 100 - 1-82 34-00 27-39 150 -1-58 34-06 27-43 200 -0-32 34-35 27-62 300 0-51 34-55 27-74 400 I -00 34-64 27-78 500 600 i-i6 0-99 34-68 34-70 27-80 27-83 WS497 2 — — — — N70B NiooB J 97-0 1344 1404 KT WS498 3 I-IO 33-36 26-74 N70V 50-0 2325 10 1-05 33-45 26-82 ,, 100-50 20 o-8o 33-60 26-95 ij 250-100 — — temperature at 25 metres - -0-83 30 - 0-98 33-81 27-21 „ 370-250 40 - 1-55 33-96 27-35 N50 V 1 00-0 — 0030 50 - 1-68 33-96 27-35 N70B - lOI-O 0132 0152 KT 60 -176 33-97 27-36 N 100 B i 80 - I -So 34-03 27-41 100 - I -80 34-04 27-42 ~ temperature at 1 25 metres - -0-38 187 WS 498-502 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather Ere Air Temp. °C Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks WS498 coat. WS499 66° 2i' S, 69° 01' W 65° 45' S, 67° 18' W WS500 65°iirS,65°49'W WS501 64° 52' S, 63° 58' w WS502 69° 43' S, 99° 38' W 1930 2-3 i 31 0800 179 gy. M. S. 3' 1520 165 R. 31 2120 583 gn. M. d. gy. S. sm. St. 301 0530 4224 y. M. SE S X W SE S X W b. c. 994-6 0-6 996-0 1-4 9977 -0-3 982-9 2-2 188 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 498-502 Station Age of moon (days) WS498 cont. WS499 WS500 WS501 WS502 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 150 200 300 O 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 125 150 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 500 o 10 20 30 40 5° 60 80 100 150 175 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 Temp. 0-34 0-20 0-98 1-32 1-40 0-90 0-09 0-85 I-II 1-44 1-63 - 1-71 - 1-64 - 0-82 - 0-36 1-30 1-28 0-82 -0-15 - 0-42 -0-59 - 0-70 - 072 - 0-72 -o-i8 2*12 0-85 - 0-41 - o-(i3 - 0-82 -0-85 -078 -0-34 - 0-04 0-46 0-68 0-90 0-95 1-04 - o-6o - 0-I2 -0-37 -0-98 - I -60 -1-65 - 170 - 170 - 170 -0-68 076 1-49 I -So I -80 177 1-63 1-50 I-I2 0-87 0-46 s 7oo 34-36 34-53 34-65 34-72 33-81 33-81 33-84 33-89 33-91 33-94 33-96 34-04 34-07 34-31 33-65 33-65 33-73 33-79 33-87 33-87 33-93 33-98 34-29 34-39 33-21 33-48 33-61 33-74 33-83 33-93 33-94 34-13 34-26 34-43 34-53 34-61 34-64 34-63 33-12 33-44 33-57 33-83 34-10 34-12 34-15 34-18 34-20 34-31 34-58 34-68 34-69 34-72 34-76 34-76 34-72 34-70 34-68 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Gear 27-63 27-74 27-79 27-82 27-08 27-12 27-19 27-27 27-29 27-33 27-35 27-42 27-44 27-59 26-96' 26-96 27-06 27-16 27-23 27-24 27-29 27-34 27-58 27-64 26-55 26-85 27-02 27-14 27-22 27-30 27-30 27-43 27-53 27-64 2771 27-76 27-78 27-77 26-63 26-87 26-99 27-22 27-46 27-48 27-51 27-53 27-55 27-60 27-70 27-75 27-76 27-79 27-83 27-84 27-83 27-83 27-84 N50V N70V N70B NiooB N50V N70V N70B NiooB N50 V N70 V N70B NiooB NsoV N70 V N70B NiooB Depth (metres) 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 150-100 76-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 150-100 lOI-O 1 00-0 50-0 250-100 100-50 550-250 109-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 1000-750 750-500 92-0 TIME From 0810 0903 To 0840 0925 1525 1610 2125 2248 1600 1630 KT Remarks KT 2220 2308 0540 1308 0735 1328 KT KT 189 WS 503-507 R.R.S. William Scoresby Station WS503 WS504 WS505 WS506 Position 70° 03I' S, 100° 39' W 69° 36' S, 94° 14' w 70° 10J-' S, 87° 46' w 70° 31' S, 81° 36' w WS507 Date 1930 30 i 2 11 411 Hour 1840 1415 II15 711 A, 7o°32|'S, 8i°42'W B, 70° 34' S, 81° 55' W 1645 0940 1910 Sounding (metres) 4072 y. M. 3832 1500 y. M. d.c. S. 584 y. M. 572 y. M. 580 y. M. sm. St. WIND Direction WNW NE SE N SE X S 4-2 SEA Direction Weather b. c. s. q. s.-a M p 979-5 992-3 981-4 982-3 980-2 AirTemp. °C. Dry bulb -1-7 0-6 0-6 0-4 0-6 ■1-7 Wet bulb 0-0 0-7 0-4 -0-6 -1-7 Remarks NNE swell confused swell confused NW and N swell heavy NW swell 190 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 503-507 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. S 7oo nt Gear Depth (metres) C. 01 (metres) From To WS503 — — — — N70B N 100 B f 73-0 1954 2014 KT WS504 4 -0-51 33-18 26-68 N50V 1 00-0 1423 lO -0-53 33-20 26-70 N70V 50-0 20 — 1-12 33-35 26-84 100-50 30 — 1-40 33-58 27-04 250-100 40 - 1-62 33-92 27-32 500-240 50 -1-67 34-14 27-50 750-500 60 — 1-69 34-16 27-51 1000-750 — 1630 80 100 — 1-69 - 1-50 34-19 34-22 27-54 27-55 N70B N 100 B 1 109-0 1847 1907 KT 125 -0-71 150 0-38 34-44 27-65 200 1-42 34-57 27-69 300 1-69 34-63 27-72 400 172 34-68 27-76 600 i-8i 34-70 27-77 800 1-54 34-70 27-79 1000 1-38 34-70 27-80 1500 1-04 34-71 27-83 2000 o-8i 34-69 27-83 3000 0-40 34-68 27-85 WS505 6 — I-I2 33-10 26-64 N50V 1 00-0 1118 10 - 1-54 33-23 26-75 N70 V 50-0 20 - 1-70 33-59 27-05 100-50 30 - 170 33-74 27-17 250-100 40 - 1-71 34-06 27-43 500-250 50 - 1-75 34-14 27-50 750-500 60 -1-76 34-15 27-51 1000-750 — 1308 80 100 -1-78 - I -So 34-17 34-17 27-52 27-53 N70B NiooB } 84-0 1414 1434 KT 150 - 1-54 34-24 27-57 200 - 1-22 34-35 27-65 300 — o-io 34-52 27-74 400 0-76 34-6i 27-77 (500 1-14 34-66 27-79 800 1-09 34-70 27-82 1000 0-96 145° 0-68 34-67 27-82 WS506 9 - 170 33-51 26-99 N50 V 1 00-0 1455 10 - 171 33-53 27-00 N70V 50-0 20 - I -So 33-54 27-01 )» 100-50 30 - I -80 33-55 27-02 yj 250-100 40 - I -80 33-56 27-03 »» 550-250 — 1615 5° - I -80 33-84 27-26 60 - I -So 33-86 27-27 80 - i-8o 33-90 27-30 100 - i-8o 33-96 27-35 150 - 170 34-02 27-40 200 - I -68 34-23 27-55 300 — o-6o 34-43 27-69 400 0-20 34-58 27-78 500 077 34-64 27-79 WS507 9 191 WS 508 -512 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS508 WS509 WS510 WS511 WS512 Position 6c/ 04' S, 77° 40' W 67° 18' S, 69° 28' W 67° 11' 3,69° 46' w 67° 04' S, 70° 04' w 66° 57' S, 70° 22' W Date 1930 10 ii II n II II II 11 Houi 0040 0255 0610 0915 1235 Sounding (metres) 309 G. 445 gn. y. M. 505 gn.y. M. 635 gn. y. M. 652 gn. y. M. WIND Direction w ENE NE N X E SEA Direction ENE N X E N X E Weather o. s. q. o. c. o. s. q. o. s. q. 975-S 986-8 986-9 985-3 985-3 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 0-0 0-6 Wet bulb 0-3 Remarks heavy NE x E swell mod. Wx N swell heavy WNW swell heavy WNW swell 192 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 508-512 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. S 7oo at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS508 II - o-io 33-49 26-91 N50V 1 00-0 0040 10 o-io 33-49 26-91 N70 V 50-0 20 - o-io 33-49 26-91 )> 100-50 30 - o-io 33-53 26-94 ,, 250-100 — 0127 40 50 -0-15 — I -00 33-58 33-77 26-99 27-18 N70B N 100 B J 91^ 0204 0224 KT 60 - 1-70 33-93 27-33 80 - 1-74 33-96 27-35 100 - 1-75 34-05 27-42 150 - 1-80 34-10 27-47 200 -0-79 34-26 27-56 300 0-30 34-52 27-72 WS509 12 0-76 33-60 26-95 N50V 1 00-0 0255 10 0-70 33-59 26-95 N70 V 50-0 20 0-70 33-59 26-95 )) 100-50 30 0-70 33-61 26-97 „ 250-100 40 0-32 33-72 27-08 1) 420-250 — 0350 N 70 V. Touched bottom 50 60 - 0-40 — 0-80 33-73 33-75 27-12 27-15 N70B NiooB - 120-0 0431 0451 KT 80 — 1-69 33-90 27-30 100 - 1-75 33-94 27-34 150 - 1-82 33-97 27-36 — — ; — temperature ati75 metres — 1-70 200 - 0-90 34-19 27-51 — " — temperature at 250 metres 0-18 300 0-72 34-58 27-75 400 0-96 — ■ — — water bottle touched bottom WS510 12 0-94 33-06 26-51 N50 V 1 00-0 0610 10 0-94 33-05 26-50 N70V 50-0 20 0-92 33-07 26-52 »' 100-50 ' 30 0-87 33-09 26-54 ,, 250-100 40 0-77 33-16 26-60 ,, 480-250 — 0705 50 60 0-64 0-40 33-31 33-54 26-73 26-93 N70B N 100 B ' IIO-O 0746 0806 KT 80 - 1-40 33-78 27-20 100 - 1-70 33-87 27-28 150 - 1-81 33-97 27-36 200 - 1-82 34-03 27-41 250 -0-72 . 300 0-46 34-52 27-71 400 0-99 34-65 27-78 WS511 13 0-70 33-00 26-48 N50 V 1 00-0 0920 10 0-73 33-00 26-48 N70 V 50-0 20 0-80 33-05 26-51 )) 100-50 30 o-6o 33-30 26-72 ,, 250-100 40 0-36 33-57 26-96 )) 575-250 1020 50 0-58 33-65 27-01 N70B } 98-0 IIOO 1 1 20 KT 60 - 0-50 33-69 27-09 N 100 B 70 - 1-40 80 — I -60 33-85 27-26 100 -1-67 33-93 27-33 150 - I -So 34-02 27-40 200 — o-6o 34-26 27-56 — — — 300 400 0-41 0-82 34-54 34-61 27-73 27-76 z z z • moderately heavy stray on wire 600 I-IO 34-70 27-82 — — — — - WS512 13 0-93 33-69 27-02 N50V 1 00-0 1235 10 0-92 33-69 27-02 N70 V 50-0 20 0-92 33-69 27-02 ,, 100-50 30 0-90 33-69 27-02 »» 250-100 193 WS 512-516 Station WS512 conU Position 66° 57' S, 70° 22' W WS513 66° 49*' S, 70° 40I' W WS514 66°4oi'S, 7i°oi'W WS515 66° 32j' S, 71° 2oi' W WS 516 66° 25!' S, 71° 38J' W R.R.S. William Scoreshy Date Hour 1930 1 1 ii Sounding (metres) 1600 560 gn.y. M. d.S. 1935 WIND SEA Direction gn. y. M. f. d.c. S. 11-12 2300 0240 512 gn. y. M. f. d.S. 261 1 y.M. bl.c. S. NNE NNE Direction N X W N Weather NNE NNE N >; W o. s. q. b.c. crt: o = o. c. Air Temp. "C. Drv bulb 982-9 982'9 983-3 Wet bulb 983-5 1-7 2-2 Remarks 2-S 17 confused N swell I-; hea\7 N swell mod. NW swell 194 R.R,S. William Scoreshy WS 512-516 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Tenip. Gear Depth '=' C. S Voo at (metres) From To WS512 13 40 0-90 3370 27-03 N70V 550-250 — 1332 cont. 50 0-88 3371 27-04 N70B [ 128-0 H'5 1435 KT 55 — 0-I2 — — NiooB i 60 - 1-40 33-93 27-32 80 - 1-73 33-99 27-37 100 - I -80 34-02 27-40 15° -0-89 34-22 27-54 — — — — 200 - 0-14 34-40 27-65 — — — — 300 0-76 34-63 27-79 — — — — !- moderately heavy stray on wire 400 1-02 34-66 27-79 — — — — 600 I-I I 34-72 27-84 — — ~ WS513 13 0-90 33-70 27-03 N50V 1 00-0 1610 10 0-90 33-69 27-02 N70 V 50--0 20 0-89 33-73 27-05 " 100-50 30 0-88 33-73 27-05 ,, 250-100 40 0-82 33-73 27-06 ,, 500-250 — 1740 50 0-51 33-73 27-08 N70B 1 1 17-0 1745 1805 KT 60 - 1-49 33-87 27-27 N 100 B 80 - 173 34-00 27-39 100 - 1-79 34-01 27-40 150 - I-I5 34-16 27-50 200 - 0-18 34-43 27-68 — — — — 300 0-72 34-61 27-77 27-81 — — — — moderately heavy stray on wire 400 0-76 34-65 — 500 0-99 34-67 27-81 — — ■ WS514 13 0-80 33-69 27-03 N50V 1 00-0 1934 10 0-80 33-69 27-03 N70V 50-0 20 0-80 — — ,, 100-50 30 0-78 3371 27-04 ,, 250-100 40 0-72 33-70 27-04 i> 500-250 — 2042 45 0-46 — N70B 126-0 2112 2132 KT 5° - 1-02 33-89 27-28 N 100 B ) 60 - 1-68 33-96 27-35 80 - 179 34-02 27-40 100 - 1-80 34-04 27-42 125 — I -60 150 — 0-60 34-26 27-56 200 0-05 34-52 27-74 300 0-90 34-62 27-77 400 0-90 34-65 27-79 WS515 13 1-55 33-68 26-97 N50V 1 00-0 2305 10 1-55 33-68 26-97 N70V 50-0 20 1-55 33-69 26-97 j> 100-50 30 1-55 33-68 26-97 )) 250-100 40 1-55 33-68 26-97 ,, 500-250 — 0000 50 1-30 33-69 27-00 N70B - 105-0 0049 0109 KT 55 — 0-90 — — N 100 B ) ^ 60 - 1-33 33-91 27-30 80 - 1-72 33-96 27-35 100 - 174 34-01 27-39 150 — 1-06 34-14 27-48 200 0-00 34-50 27-72 300 0-86 34-60 27-76 400 0-90 34-63 27-78 WS516 13 1-70 33-69 26-97 N50V 1 00-0 0240 10 1-70 33-69 26-97 N70V 50-0 20 1-70 33-69 26-97 )> 100-50 30 1-68 33-70 26-98 " 250-100 195 WS 516-519 R.R.S. William Scoresby Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Air Temp. ° C. Weather Dry bulb Wet bulb Remarks WS 516 cont. 66°25i'S, 7i°38i'W WS517 66° 17V S, 71° 57' W WS518 5i°55i'S,5S°35'W WS519 52°09rS,53°2irW 1930 12 ii 12 11 0835 27 11 0005 27 11 1055 2770 y. M. bl.c. S. sm. St. 1258 y. M. bl. y. S. f. G. 2270 ?R NW NW WNW WNW c. 9827 3-1 1025-3 7-5 1018-9 heavy NW swell 7-2 6-1 196 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 516-519 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. Gear Depth ^ c. s 7oo at (metres) From To WS516 13 35 1-62 _ N70 V 500-250 cant. 40 — o-6o 33-96 27-31 )) 750-500 50 -1-48 33-98 27-36 ,, 1000-750 — 0445 60 80 - 1-50 - I -08 33-99 34- '5 27-37 27-49 N70B N 100 B j- 90-0 0653 0713 KT 100 - 0-12 34-34 27-60 125 0-58 150 1-40 34-57 27-69 200 1-50 34-62 27-73 300 1-50 34-66 27-76 400 1-67 34-70 27-78 600 I -60 34-71 27-79 800 •-43 34-71 27-80 1000 1-23 34-70 27-81 1500 0-93 34-70 27-83 2000 0-47 34-70 27-86 2500 0-51 34-70 27-86 WS517 14 1-95 33-59 26-87 N50V 1 00-0 0835 10 1-90 33-60 26-88 N70 V 50-0 20 1-90 33-59 26-87 100-50 30 I -80 33-64 26-92 250-100 40 - 0-55 33-91 27-27 500-250 50 - 1-30 34-05 27-41 750-500 60 — 1-04 34-14 27-48 1000-750 — III5 80 -0-55 34-29 27-58 N70B J ..-0 1213 1233 KT 100 0-I2 34-38 27-62 N 100 B '5° 0-98 34-53 27-69 200 1-20 34-58 27-72 300 1-62 34-67 27-76 400 1-62 34-70 27-78 (JOO 1-59 34-70 27-78 800 1-41 34-70 27-80 1000 1-27 34-72 27-82 1500 0-92 34-72 27-84 2000 0-59 34-69 27-84 2500 0-37 34-68 27-85 WS518 28 7-39 34-04 26-63 N50V 1 00-0 0015 10 7-29 34-11 26-70 N70V 50-0 ■^ 20 6-79 34-12 26-77 100-50 30 671 34-12 26-78 250-100 40 6-63 34-13 26-80 500-250 SO 6-6i 34-14 26-81 750-500 60 6-59 34-14 26-82 1000-750 — 0250 80 6-31 34-17 26-88 N70B 87-0 0305 0325 KT 100 4-60 34-19 27-10 150 4-29 34-20 27-14 200 4-12 34-20 27-16 300 3-60 34-20 27-21 400 3-33 34-20 27-24 (3oo 3-H 34-22 27-27 — — — — 800 1000 2-76 2-72 34-25 34-34 27-33 27-40 — — — — > moderately heavy stray on wire 1200 2-56 34-42 27-48 — — — — J WS519 29 5-79 33-94 26-76 N50 V 1 00-0 IIOO 10 5-77 33-96 26-78 N70V 50-0 20 5-69 33-96 26-79 „ 100-50 30 5-39 33-96 26-83 »» 250-100 40 5-27 33-96 26-84 n 500-250 50 5-24 33-95 26-83 »» 750-500 197 WS 519-522 Station WS519 cont. WS520 Position S2°09i'S, S3°2irw 52° 25' S, 51° 20' W WS521 52° 41' S, 49° 14' w WS522 52° 56' S, 47° 14' w R.R.S. William, Scoreshy Date 1930 27 ii 27-28 ii HOL 2150 Sounding (metres) 0950 28 ii -I iii 3128 y. M. 3780 y. bl. S. M. G. 2235 2550 y. bl. S. M. G. WIND Direction NW NW SEA Direction NW o fa NW NW NW Weather o. f. m. c. S£ I0II-3 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb TS I0II-8 6-7 Remarks Wet bulb I0I0-8 6-7 7-5 6-7 heavy SW swell 6-7 heavy SW swell 198 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 519-522 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. s 7„„ Gear Depth (metres) "C. ot (metres) From To WS519 29 60 5-19 33-95 26-84 N70 V 1000-750 _ 1300 cont. 80 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3-67 2-30 0-96 0-40 0-40 1-52 1-94 2-14 2-13 1-93 1-63 33-95 33-95 33-99 34-02 34-26 34-38 34-52 34-63 34-64 34-71 34-71 27-01 27-13 27-26 27-32 27-51 27-53 27-61 27-69 27-69 27-77 27-79 N70B NiooB 1 89-0 1405 1425 KT WS520 29 6-35 34-10 26-81 N50 V 1 00-0 2155 10 6-33 34-11 26-83 N70V 50-0 20 6-33 34-11 26-83 100-50 30 6-33 34-11 26-83 250-100 40 6-33 34-11 26-83 500-250 50 6-09 34-11 26-86 750-500 60 5-87 34-13 26-90 1000-750 — 2355 80 5-II 34-i6 27-02 N70B / 125-0 OI41 0201 KT 100 4-40 34- 1 8 27-11 N 100 B I ^ 150 4-27 34-20 27-14 200 3-78 34-20 27-19 300 3-49 34-21 27-23 400 2-77 34-21 27-30 600 2-62 34-42 27-48 800 2-68 34-45 27-50 1000 2-40 34-52 27-58 1500 2-12 34-70 27-74 2000 1-84 34-73 27-79 2500 1-29 34-72 27-82 3000 0-89 34-72 27-85 WS521 4-59 34-00 26-95 NsoV 1 00-0 0955 10 4-67 34-00 26-94 N70V 50-0 20 4-57 34-00 26-95 100-50 30 4-57 34-00 26-95 250-100 40 4-39 34-00 26-97 500-250 50 4-06 34-02 27-02 750-500 60 3-94 34-02 27-03 1000-750 — 1220 80 100 3-85 3-52 34-02 34-09 27-04 27-13 N70B N 100 B - 1 12-0 1309 1329 KT 125 2-87 150 2-40 34-11 27-25 200 1-68 34-11 27-30 300 1-82 34-20 27-37 400 2-25 34-31 27-42 600 2-36 34-45 27-53 800 2-22 34-53 27-60 1000 2-17 34-6i 27-67 1500 1-98 34-71 27-76 2000 1-70 34-73 27-80 2500 1-29 34-72 27-82 3000 0-97 34-72 27-84 WS522 4-34 33-92 26-91 N50V 1 00-0 2300 10 4-34 33-92 26-91 N70V 50-0 20 4-34 33-93 26-92 )> 100-50 30 4-29 33-93 26-93 >» 250-100 40 4-14 33-93 26-94 ti 500-250 SO 3-94 33-93 26-96 )i 750-500 199 WS 522-525 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS522 COIlt. WS523 Position 52° 56' S, 47° 14' W 53° 07' S, 45= 00' W Date 1930 28 ii WS524 WS525 53° 36' S, 43° 00' w 53° 381' S, 41° 09' W Hour 113s Sounding (metres) 2250 G.S. 2-3 iii 0750 2250 1697 gy. S. M. WIND Direction NW NNW 162 G.R.? SEA Direction o fa NW N X W NNW Weather m- Air Temp. " C. Dry bulb 6-7 N X W o. f. I ioo6'0 Wet bulb 6-7 Remarks mod. W swell 57 47 5-6 47 heavy W swell 200 R»R.S. William Scoresby WS 522-525 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon (days) Remarks Depth (metres) Temp. S "loo at Gear Depth (metres) TIME From To WS522 O 60 3-69 33-93 26-99 N70V 1000-750 0100 COIlt. 80 3-66 33-95 27-00 N70B 1 18-0 0222 0242 KT 90 1-39 — — N 100 B IIO-O 0314 0334 KT 100 I-OI 34-01 27-27 150 0-84 34-08 27-34 200 1-05 34-18 27-40 300 1-59 34-34 27-50 400 600 1-91 2-08 34-44 34-52 27-55 27-60 800 2-07 34-6i 27-67 1000 2-04 34-66 27-72 1500 1-86 34-71 27-77 — — — — ■ very heavy stray on wire 2000 1-50 34-71 27-80 — — — 2400 1-19 34-70 27-81 — — — WS523 I 4- 1 6 33-94 26-95 N50V 1 00-0 II35 10 4-07 33-94 26-96 N70V 50-0 20 3-79 33-94 26-99 >> 100-50 30 3-71 33-94 26-99 )> 250-100 40 3-63 33-94 27-00 »» 500-250 ■^O 3-58 33-94 27-01 ,, 750-500 60 80 100 3-21 1-60 o-6o 33-94 33-94 33-98 27-04 27-17 27-27 N70B NiooB 1000-750 - I 12-0 1434 1355 1454 KT 150 0-38 34-05 27-34 200 1-09 34-20 27-42 300 1-78 34-34 27-48 400 600 800 2-05 2-13 2-12 34-43 34-54 34-64 27-53 27-61 27-69 1000 2-02 34-70 27-75 1500 1-70 34-72 27-79 2000 1-19 34-71 27-82 WS524 2 3-42 33-92 27-00 N50V 1 00-0 0750 10 3-39 33-94 27-02 N70V 50-0 20 3-39 33-94 27-02 jj 100-50 30 3-37 33-94 27-03 ,, 250-100 40 3-33 33-94 27-03 1) 500-250 50 3-33 33-94 27-03 „ 750-500 60 80 100 3-31 2-89 1-91 33-94 33-94 34-01 27-03 27-07 27-21 N70B N 100 B 1000-740 1 103-0 1022 0932 1042 KT. Part of catch lost 150 0-75 34-08 27-34 200 1-23 34-22 27-42 300 1-78 34-37 27-51 400 600 800 1-95 1-99 1-95 34-49 34-54 34-65 27-59 27-63 27-72 1000 1-82 34-71 27-77 1500 1-43 34-71 27-80 WS525 T 3-21 33-93 27-03 N50 V 1 00-0 2255 10 3-19 33-93 27-03 N70 V 50-0 20 3-19 33-93 27-03 )) 150-50 2320 30 40 3-09 3-01 33-93 33-93 27-05 27-05 N70B N 100 B 1 91-0 2345 0005 KT 50 60 2-91 2-48 33-94 33-95 27-07 27-11 80 2-12 34-02 27-20 100 1-90 34-05 27-24 150 1-40 34-17 27-37 201 26 WS 526-528 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS526 WS527 WS528 Position 53° 51' S, 39° 45' W 57° 30' S, 45° 35' W 56° 53' S, 49° 46' W Date 1930 3iii 30111 31 111 Hour 1030 0800 0800 Sounding (metres) 1545 m. br. M. 3570 3179 G. WIND Direction ENE W X S NW SEA Direction ENE W X S 3-4 Weatlier O.f. NW f. e. o. aj CI o = cd C mS 9937 Air Temp. ° C. Dry bulb 9787 977-4 4-4 Wet bulb 47 4-4 Remarks 2-5 47 heavy W swell 202 R«R.S. William Scoreshy WS 526 528 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. S '^,'„,3 at Gear Depth (metres) = C. (metres) From To WS526 3 2-92 33-88 27-02 N50V 1 00-0 1037 10 2-80 33-88 27-02 N70 V 50-0 20 2-87 33-88 27-03 >> 100-50 30 2-83 33-88 27-03 ,, 250-100 40 2-64 33-88 27-04 ,, 500-250 50 2-50 33-91 27-08 »i 750-500 60 2-43 33-92 27-09 ,, 1000-750 — I2I0 80 100 2-04 1-78 33-92 33-96 27-12 27-18 N70B NiooB 1 89-0 1405 1425 KT no 0-84 125 0-53 150 0-46 34-10 27-37 200 i-i8 34-26 27-46 300 1-80 34-41 27-53 400 1-90 34-49 27-59 600 2-00 34-54 27-63 — — — — Soo 1-93 34-64 27-71 27-78 — — — — y very heavy stray on wire 1000 1-83 34-72 — — — — 1500 1-43 34-72 27-81 — — — — J ■WS527 1-62 33-95 27-18 N50 V 1 00-0 0812 10 1-62 33-95 27-18 N70 V 50-0 20 1-62 33-95 27-18 " 100-50 30 1-60 33-96 27-19 250-IOC 40 1-60 33-97 27-20 500-250 50 1-57 33-97 27-20 750-500 60 I -S3 34-01 27-23 1000-750 — 1020 80 100 I -08 0-50 34-05 34-20 27-30 27-45 N70B NiooB ]- 1 1 9-0 1245 I314 KT 150 0-85 34-29 27-50 200 1-22 34-36 27-54 300 1-78 34-53 27-63 400 1-88 34-61 27-69 600 1-94 34-65 27-72 800 1-84 34-71 27-77 •*v 1000 1500 1-71 1-27 34-73 34-73 27-80 27-83 2000 0-79 34-72 27-85 — — — — 2500 0-68 34-71 27-85 — — — — • moderate stray on wire 3000 0-39 34-70 27-86 — — — — 3400 0-22 34-70 27-87 — — — — ' WS528 I 2-40 33-90 27-08 N50V 1 00-0 0800 10 2-38 33-92 27-10 N70 V 50-0 20 2-38 33-93 27-11 100-50 30 2-36 33-93 27-11 250-100 40 2-31 33-92 27-10 500-250 50 2-22 33-92 27-11 750-500 60 2-II 33-92 27-12 1000-750 — 1030 70 80 I-14 0-70 34-07 27-34 N70B NiooB 1 98-0 1430 1450 KT 100 0-62 34-11 27-37 150 0-99 34-14 27-38 200 0-62 34-18 27-43 300 1-62 34-33 27-48 . 400 2-00 34-48 27-58 (^00 2- 1 1 34-62 27-68 800 2-15 34-68 27-72 1000 2-02 34-71 27-76 1500 1-66 34-73 27-80 2000 1-12 34-73 27-84 20' WS 529 532 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS529 WS530 WS531 WS532 Position 56° 05' S, 53° 45' W 55° 22' S, 57° 46' W 54°25i'S,6i°25i'W 52° 49' S, 37° 15' W Date 1930 2 iv 3-4 iv 5 IV 1 93 1 10 i Hour 0930 2150 1215 Sounding (metres) 4100 4950 118 S.Co. Sh. St. 2132 G. WIND Direction W SW >: W NNW W SEA Direction W SWxW NNW W Weather b.C. b.c. l-H "-I 980-6 I0II-8 1008-3 998-4 Air Temp. °C, Dry bulb 5-0 5-3 7-8 3-8 Wet bulb 4-7 47 Remarks very high con- fused S and W swell 204 R.R.S. William Scoresby WS 529-532 HYDRO LOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. s °/„^ at Gear Depth (metres) "C. (metres) From To WS529 3 2-40 33-89 27-07 N50V 1 00-0 0930 lO 2-37 33-89 27-07 N70 V 50-0 20 2-35 33-89 27-08 jy 100-50 3° 2-32 33-89 27-08 1) 250-100 40 2-32 33-89 27-08 ,j 500-250 50 2-30 33-89 27-08 ty 750-500 60 2-30 33-89 27-08 i» 1000-750 — 1200 80 2-10 33-91 27-11 N70B !■ 128-0 1539 1559 KT 100 1-22 34-02 27-26 N 100 B ) 15° 0-03 34-07 27-37 200 0-30 34-19 27-46 300 1-26 34-37 27-54 400 1-78 34-50 27-61 600 1-87 34-60 27-68 800 1-96 34-63 27-70 1000 1-94 34-70 27-76 1500 1-68 34-73 27-80 2000 1-28 34-73 27-83 2500 0-92 34-71 27-84 3000 0-63 34-71 27-86 3500 0-34 34-70 27-86 WS530 5 5-77 34-12 26-90 N50 V 1 00-0 2200 10 5-77 34-12 26-90 N70V 50-0 20 5-79 34-12 26-90 ,, 100-50 30 5-79 34-12 26-90 ,, 250-100 40 5-79 34-12 26-90 ,, 500-250 5° 5-79 34-13 26-91 )) 750-500 60 S-74 34-13 26-92 i» 1000-750 Olio 80 5-59 34-13 26-94 N70B lOI-O 0338 0358 KT 100 5-49 34-13 26-95 N 100 B J 150 4-94 34-20 27-07 200 4-82 34-21 27-09 300 4-61 34-22 27-12 400 4-43 34-22 27-14 600 3-88 34-22 27-20 800 3-60 34-26 27-26 1000 3-25 34-35 27-36 1500 2-56 34-51 27-55 2000 2-33 34-61 27-65 2500 2-09 34-70 27-75 3000 2-04 34-70 27-75 3500 1-85 34-72 27-78 WS531 6 6-35 34-11 26-82 N50V 1 00-0 I215 10 6-21 34-12 26-85 N70V 50-0 20 6-21 34-12 26-85 n 100-50 — 1240 30 6-21 34-12 26-85 N70B 1- ,3-0 1303 I3I8 KT 40 6-19 34-12 26-85 NiooB 50 6-19 34-12 26-85 60 6-19 34-12 26-85 80 6-19 34-12 26-85 100 6-19 34-13 26-86 WS532 1-31 33-84 27-11 N50V 1 00-0 1 120 II25 10 1-26 33-85 27-13 >» ,, 1644 1649 20 1-26 33-85 27-13 30 1-36 33-85 27-12 40 0-98 33-86 27-15 50 0-92 33-87 27-16 60 o-8o 33-87 27-17 80 0-45 33-89 27-21 20: WS 532-539 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather u to Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks WS532 COIlt. 53° 49' S, 37° is' W 1 93 1 10 i WS533 WS534 Zj miles S 52° E from Jason light, Cumberland Bay, South Georgia 54° lyr S, 35° 39' W WS535 WS536 WS537 55° 12' S, 31° 51' w 56° 28' S, 27° 21' w 56° 10' S, 25° 35' W WS538 WS539 57°03J'S,24°32'W 57°4ii'S,23°i2'W 22 1 22-23 i 1800 2000 2200 0000 231 25-26 22 12 2005 26 i 133s 2215 224 6977 ESE SE X S SE ;< S SE X S SE X S SW NE SW NNW NE 2 3-4 3 ESE SE SE SE SE SW NNE SW NNW NE f. e. f. o. m. o. m. o. m. b.c. b.c. b.c. lOIO-I 1007-6 1007-0 ioo6-2 1004-5 39 2-2 1-7 2-2 1-7 slight SE swell slight NNW swell 998-5 981-5 981-9 1-7 980-3 980-6 i-i conf. swell slight NE swell NW swell, force 3 ; near belts of loose pack ice NW swell, force 2; near pack ice N swell, force 3 ; near pack ice 20t) R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 532-539 Station WS532 cont. Age of moon (days) WS533 WS534 WS535 WS536 WS537 WS538 WS539 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Depth (metres) 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 O O 10 20 3° 40 so 60 80 100 150 200 Temp. ° C. o 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 400 0-45 o-io 0-90 1-76 1-90 1-97 1-85 1-68 1-31 0-87 2-48 1-47 1-45 1-24 1-09 0-97 0-97 1-03 0-99 0-91 0-21 0-41 1-20 O-II 0-57 o-6o o-6o 0-56 0-47 °-34 o-oo 0-50 0-90 0-24 I -00 1-39 1-41 0-35 0-30 s 7c,o 34-00 34-14 34-26 34-43 34-51 34-62 34-69 34-69 34-69 33-47 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-87 33-88 33-88 33-89 33-89 33-89 34-01 34-13 33-46 33-68 33-76 33-76 33-76 33-76 33-79 33-83 33-84 33-90 34-00 34-38 34-48 34-61 34-61 33-34 33-18 at 27-30 27-43 27-48 27-56 27-61 27-69 27-76 27-77 27-79 26-7: 27-13 27-13 27-14 27-15 27-17 27-17 27-17 27-18 27-18 27-32 27-40 BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 26-82 27-0': 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-10 27-13 27-16 27-19 27-26 27-36 27-61 27-65 27-73 27-73 26-77 26-67 Gear N50V NiooH Depth (metres) LH NiooB N50 V N70 V N50V N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70 V N70B NiooB N50V N70B NiooB N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 S(^) TIME From 5 53-0 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 222-100 1 00-0 lOO-O 78-0 1 00-0 -o \ 102 1 00-0 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1000-750 [- 67-0 1 00-0 97-0 1 00-0 1 13-0 I75I 1758 I8I0 I8I7 1825 1857 1928 2040 2I3I 2144 2200 2220 2100 2132 2315 0135 2220 2250 2212 2245 2005 To Olio I4I3 1335 2215 2240 1758 I8I0 I8I7 1825 1855 1927 1958 2047 2140 2154 2210 2230 2I0I 2203 0000 0137 2222 2310 2213 2305 Remarks 2320 0130 1415 1355 2217 2300 -ij hours G.M.T. first surface water sample at 1830 and second at 0000 seven consecutive hauls (A-G) towed north-westwards from position of station, and fol- lowed by five consecutive hauls (H, J, k, L and M) towed south-eastwards from position of station KT KT KT KT KT KT 207 WS 540-552 A R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND SEA Weather 1> Vi Air Temp. °C. Drv bulb Remarks Direction OJ u Direction WS540 57° 55' S, 21° 21' W 1931 27-28 i 1455 ENE 2 ENE 3 0. S. 978-1 -0-6 in lee of a belt of pack ice WS541 57°5ii'S, i9°5ii'W 28 i 1245 SWxW 4 SWxW 4 0. C. 978-5 I-I conf. swell, force 3 WS542 58°39'S, i8°i3'W 28 i 2210 — W 6 W 5 b.C. 978-9 — I-I W swell, force 3 WS543 6o° loi' S, i8° oo' W 29! 1420 — S X E 7 S X E 5 0. c. 979-1 0-6 SSE swell, force 6 WS544 6o°59'S, i7°5o'W 29 i 2025 SSE 6 SSE 5 0. s. 984-8 o-o SSE swell, force 6 WS545 6i°5i'S, 17° 15' W 30 i I413 S 5 S 5 c. 995-3 -0-6 SSE swell, force 6 WS546 62°09'S, i7°i2'W 30 i 1750 — S X W 4 S 4 c. 998-4 -0-6 SSE swell, force 6 WS547 62°4o'S, i7°02'W 30 i 2210 — S X W 4 S 4 b.C 1000-5 — I-I SSE swell, force 6 WS548 64°07'S, i5°38'W 31 i 1320 — S X E 4 S :■: E 2 0. 1003-0 -0-6 SSE swell, force 4 WS549 65° 17' s, 15° 33' w ■311 2210 — SSW 2 SSW 2 c. 1002-2 -0-6 SE swell, force 3 WS550 66°5ii'S, i5°24'W I ii IOI5 — wsw 3-4 WSW 3 0. 997-8 0-6 S swell, force 3 WS551 68°i7,V'S, i4°26J'W I ii 2030 — wsw 2 wsw 2 0. 998-2 -0-6 conf. swell WS 552 A 68°5VS, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, 13° 03' W 2 ii I 140 — — I c. 1001-6 1-7 no swell. Station at edge of pack ice 208 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 540 552 A HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of Station moon TIME Remarks (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. S7„„ at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS540 8 - 0-30 33-17 26-66 N70H 5 (-0) . 1508 10 - 0-38 33-18 26-68 NiooH 10 (-0) [1455 20 — 0-19 33-23 26-71 4(-o) 1610 161 1 70 sees, haul with N 100 H 30 - o-io 33-40 26-84 2H) 1617 i6ig no ,, 40 — O-IO 33-58 26-99 1-2 (-0) 1624 1625 36 50 — 0-20 33-6i 27-02 2-3 i-o) 1630 16^1 45 60 — O-IO 33-76 27-13 1-2 (^) 1655 1656 35 80 — 0-14 33-79 27-16 1-3 (-0) 1715 1716 25 100 — 0-56 33-88 27-25 N 50 V 1 00-0 3245 150 — 1-22 34-10 27-45 N70 V 50-0 200 - 0-55 34-33 27-61 100-50 300 0-95 34-49 27-66 250-100 400 1-06 34-61 27-75 500-250 750-500 1000-750 0230 WS541 9 0-68 33-35 26-76 N50 V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 r 102-0 1245 1209 1247 1230 KT WS542 9 — 0-09 33-40 26-84 NsoV N70B Nioo B 1 00-0 1 77-0 2210 223s 2212 22S5 KT WS543 10 -0-45 33-45 26-90 NsoV N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 - 120-0 1500 1420 1502 1440 KT WS544 10 -0-93 33-53 26-98 N70B N 100 B 1 146^ 202s 204s KT WS545 II — 0-92 34-07 27-42 NsoV N70B NiooB 1 00-0 1 124^ 1455 I413 1457 1434 KT WS546 n — 0-90 34-06 27-41 N70H NiooH 1-2 (-0) 3-4 (-0) |i750 1755 WS547 II - 0-85 33-96 27-32 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 154^ 2210 2230 2212 2250 KT WS548 12 -0-58 34-06 27-39 NsoV N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 - 106-0 1353 1320 1355 1340 KT WS549 12 — 0-50 34-14 27-46 NsoV N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 - 128-0 2210 2230 2212 2250 KT WS550 13 - 0-23 34-06 27-38 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 - 121-0 1045 1015 1047 1035 KT WS551 13 ^ 1-27 33-91 27-30 NsoV N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 - 121-0 2030 2045 2032 2105 KT WS 552 A 14 — 0-90 33-91 27-29 NiooB N50 V 60-0 170-go 260-170 360-260 460-360 1 00-0 1225 1424 1240 12432 1244 12442 1245 KT four control hauls fa-d) 209 27 WS552A-552F R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction & SEA Direction Weather 01 CO o = Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks ws 552 A cont. 68° 53'^ 68° 50' ?, 13° 03' W to S, i3°03'W 1931 2 ii WS 552 B 68°53'S, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, i3°03'W 1558 N swell, force i WS 552 G 68°53'S, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, 13° 03' W 2 11 1958 lOOI-O N swell, force 2 WS 552 D 68° 53' S, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, 13° 03' W 3" 17 N swell, force 2 WS 552 E 68°53'S, 13° 03' W to 68°5o'S, i3°03'W 3" 0350 998-7 1-7 N swell, force 2 WS 552 F 68°53'S, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, 13° 03' W 3'i 0740 4845 f.gy. S.M 9967 N swell, force 2 210 R,R.S« William Scoreshy WS 552 A-552 F HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth Temp. S7oo Gear Depth (metres) °a (metres) From To WS 552 A 14 N50 V 1 00-0 cont. N70V 50-0 100-50 150-100 200-150 250-200 300-250 1512 1446 1543 WS 552 B 14 -0-99 33-90 27-28 Nioo B )) J) N70 V 1 00-0 210-100 330-210 440-320 560-450 50-0 100-50 150-100 200-150 250-200 300-250 1632 1908 1653^ 1654 16542 1655 i655i 1949 KT WS 552 C H — I 09 33-91 27-29 N 100 B N70V »» I 1 0-0 200-90 290-170 390-260 490-360 50-0 100-50 150-100 200-150 250-200 300-250 2045 It J) >) )> 2255 2105 2106 2I06| 2107 2107! 2340 KT WS 552 D IS - i-i6 33-88 27-27 NiooB N70 V »» n J) 60-0 I 30-60 200-130 270-200 340-270 50-0 100-50 150-100 200-150 250-200 300-250 500-0 0045 )) 0236 0105 0106 oio6i 0107 0107!- 0327 KT KT WS 552 E 15 — I -20 33-89 27-2S NiooB N70 V 90-0 190-90 290-190 390-290 500-390 50-0 100-50 150-100 200-150 250-200 300-250 0425 )) 0642 0446 0448i 0449 0449-2 0450 0727 KT WS 552 F 15 - 1-25 33-91 27-30 NiooB 90-0 0827 0849 KT 10 - 1-30 33-91 27-30 >> 180-90 ,, 0850 KT 20 - 1-35 33-91 27-30 >) 270-180 )) 08501 211 WS 552 F-555 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks WS 552 F colli. 68° S3' S, 13° 03' W to 68° 50' S, 13° 03' W WS553 66° 14' S, 15° 34' W WS554 WS555 63°2o'S. i7°23'W 6o°27'S, i9°36'W 1931 3" 411 1415 5029 f.gy.S.M E X N 5 I' '454 5143 SSE 6ii 1715 3850 f. gy. S. M. SW E X N SSE sw^ b. c. o. c. 995-8 1-7 ENE swell, force 2 998-6 0-6 N swell, force 2 1005-9 0-6 SW swell, force 5 212 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 552 F 555 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. Depth C. s 7oo at Gear (metres) From To WS 552 F 15 30 - 1-36 33-92 27-31 NiooB 360-270 0827 0851 emit. 40 - 1-49 34-01 27-38 ^, 460-360 ,, 0854 50 - 1-70 N70V 25-0 1004 — N 70 V labelled Fi 60 - 1-70 34-31 27-63 25-0 — — F2 80 -1-67 34-31 27-63 50-25 — — Fi 100 - 1-30^ 34-27 27-59 50-25 — — F2 150 — 1-20? 34-53? 27-80? 100-50 200 0-90 34-56 27-72 150-100 300 0-88 34-57 27-73 200-150 400 0-80 — 250-200 (300 0-65 34-69 27-84 300-250 800 0-51 34-70 27-85 500-250 1000 0-41 34-68 27-85 750-500 1500 0-20 34-68 27-86 1000-750 — 1232 2000 0-00 34-68 27-87 2500 — 0-16 34-66 27-86 WS553 16 10 20 30 40 - 0-18 - 0-20 — 0-20 — 0-30 - 0-48 34-13 34-13 34-13 34-12 34-15 27-43 27-43 27-43 27-43 27-46 N70V 50-0 100-50 250-100 500-250 750-500 1415 ■^0 - 1-70 34-40 27-71 1000-750 — 1615 60 - 1-70 34-36 27-67 80 - 1-74 34-34 26-66 100 - 1-70 34-44 27-74 150 0-25 34-47 27-69 200 0-68 34-67 27-82 300 o-6o 34-67 27-83 400 600 0-42 34-67 27-84 800 0-34 34-69 27-86 1000 0-26 1500 0-13 34-67 27-85 2000 0-30 34-67 27-84 2500 o-ig 34-66 27-84 WS554 '7 — 0-20 33-96 27-30 N50 V 1 00-0 1454 10 -0-25 33-96 27-30 N70V 50-0 20 — 0-40 33-96 27-31 100-50 30 - 1-49 34-38 27-68 250-100 40 - 1-70 34-47 27-76 500-250 50 - 1-75 34-46 27-76 750-500 60 - 1-77 34-42 27-73 1000-750 — 1630 80 - I -80 34-43 27-73 100 - 1-80 34-42 27-73 150 - 0-35 200 0-22 34-60 27-79 300 0-35 34-55 27-74 400 0-37 34-63 27-81 600 0-37 34-68 27-85 800 0-29 34-68 27-85 1000 0-20 34-67 27-85 1500 0-00 34-65 27-84 2000 - 0-14 34-66 27-86 2500 -0-31 34-66 27-87 3000 -0-32 34-63 27-84 3500 — 0-40 34-64 27-85 4000 — 0-46 34-64 27-86 WS555 iS 10 " 0-36 - 0-38 33-30 33-30 26-77 26-77 N70 V 50-0 100-50 1750 213 WS 555-565 station Position R.R»S. William Scoresby Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather n- Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks WS555 cont. 6o°27'S, i9°36'W WS556 WS557 58°5i'S, 2i°2i'W 58°oi'S, 2i°4o'W WS558 WS559 WS560 WS561 WS562 WS563 WS564 WS565 1931 6ii 711 1405 0610 57° 41' S, 23° 12' W 57° 19' S, 24° 50' w 56° 27' S, 28° 59' w 55° 22' S, 33° 04' W 2| miles S 52° E from Jason light, Cumberland Bay, South Georgia Government Jetty, Gryt- viken. South Georgia Moltke Harbour, South Georgia 54° 50' S, 35° 53' W 8ii 8ii gii 1311 2411 1525 2135 2115 1800 1200 1325 NE ESE 5 6-7 NE ESE SE SSW SSW SW NNW NWxW SW SE SSW SW X S SW NNW SW o. c. o.q. 1001-4 990-4 0-0 -0-6 NE swell, force 4 ESE swell, force 5 997-4 1003-5 1015-4 0-0 conf. swell, force 6 SSW swell, force 6 SW swell, force 4 o. s. 1013-5 0-0 SW swell, force 4 1022-0 1009-5 984-9 1013-S 3-9 6-7 1-7 3-3 conf. swell SW swell, force 2 214 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 555-565 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. S °/„o ct Gear Depth (metres) From To WS555 l8 20 — 0-40 33-30 26-77 N70V 250-100 cont. 30 40 - 0-53 - 1-31 33-34 33-79 26-81 27-20 500-250 750-500 50 - 1-15 33-78 27-19 >) 1000-750 — 1930 60 80 -0-97 — 0-02 34-13 34-29 27-47 27-55 N70B NiooB |- 174-0 2331 2351 KT 100 0-86 34-43 27-62 NiooH 3(-o) 2318 2338 150 1-88 34-44 27-55 )) 5(-o) 2338 2358 200 1-54 34-46 27-59 300 1-75 34-65 27-73 400 1-72 34-66 27-74 600 1-46 34-71 27-80 800 1-33 34-70 27-80 1000 1-02 34-70 27-82 1500 0-53 34-69 27-85 2000 0-33 34-70 27-87 2500 o-io 34-69 27-87 3000 — 0-07 34-67 27-86 3500 -0-25 3850 - 0-25 — — — — — — bottle touched bottom WS556 19 — — — — NiooH 4(^) 1405 1415 WS557 20 - 0-04 33-24 26-71 NiooH \{-o) 0610 0620 10 — 0-05 33-22 26-f)9 N70 V 50-0 0630 20 — o-o6 33-22 26-69 100-50 30 ~ 0-30 33-31 26-7S 250-100 40 -0-83 33-64 27-06 500-250 50 — I-OI 33-71 27-13 750-500 60 — 0-96 33-77 27-18 I 000-0 — 0820 80 100 — I -00 - 1-37 34-03 34-09 27-39 27-45 N70B N 100 B 1 88-0 0849 0909 KT 150 - 0-30 34-34 27-61 200 0-70 34-54 27-72 300 1-07 34-59 27-73 400 1-05 34-63 27-77 WS558 20 — ~ — — NiooH i(-o) 1525 1530 WS559 20 0-40 33-43 26-84 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 90-0 2215 2135 2217 2155 WS560 21 0-70 33-37 26-77 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 1 130-0 2120 2140 2122 2200 KT WS561 22 1-28 33-61 26-93 N50V N70B N 100 B 1 00-0 I 1 13-0 2II5 2137 2II7 2157 KT WS562 22 2-89 33-65 26-84 N50V 1 00-0 1800 1802 WS563 — — — — — NH I-O 1200 1600 WS564 — — — — — Sh. coll. WS565 7 2-00 33-93 27-14 N 100 B 20-0 1325 1332 KT 215 WS 566 570 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station WS566 WS567 WS568 WS569 WS570 Position 2^ miles S 52° E from Jason light, Cumberland Bay, South Georgia 53°54rS,37°o5r W 53°37rS,37°i8'W 53°24i'S,37°29rw 52° 22' S, 38° 23' W Date 1 93.1 4 iii 6 iii 6 iii 6 iii 8 iii Hour 1830 II05 1445 1845 1700 Soundins (metres) 130 180 WIND Direction NW W W X N NE WNW 6-9 SEA Direction NW W X N NW W WNW 4-7 Weather b.c. b.c. o. f. o. f. r. 1005-5 991-0 991-6 986-9 Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb 3-9 3-3 3-9 3-3 997-7 Remarks W X Nswell,force2 NW swell, force 6 NW swell, force 3 3-3 NW swell, force 8 216 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 566-570 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7o„ at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS566 15 2-41 33-56 26-81 N50V 1 00-0 1830 1832 WS567 17 2-00 33-73 26-98 N50 V 1 00-0 1 105 10 2-00 33-74 26-98 N70 V 50-0 20 I -98 33-73 26-98 M 100-50 30 1-89 33-79 27-03 ,, 145-100 — 1150 40 50 I-61 1-42 33-91 33-89 27-15 27-15 N70B N 100 B III-O 1224 1244 KT 60 1-20 33-89 27-16 80 o-6o 34-03 27-31 100 0-43 34-05 27-34 120 0-43 34-15 27-42 — — — — -If hours G.M.T. WS568 17 2-o6 33-85 27-07 N50 V 1 00-0 1445 10 2-04 33-84 27-06 N70V 50-0 20 2-01 33-85 27-07 ,, 100-50 30 2-00 33-85 27-07 yy 180-100 — 1530 40 I-5S 33-88 27-13 N70B ■ 106-0 1601 1621 KT 5° i-ii 33-96 27-22 N 100 B ) 60 0-79 33-97 27-25 80 0-26 34-06 27-35 100 0-20 34-10 27-39 150 0-45 34-18 27-44 WS569 17 2-53 33-76 26-96 N50V 1 00-0 1845 10 2-49 33-76 26-96 N70V 50-0 20 2-44 33-78 26-98 100-50 30 2-40 33-78 26-99 250-100 40 2-26 33-81 27-02 500-250 50 2-23 33-81 27-02 750-450 60 2-05 33-83 27-05 1000-750 — 2210 80 100 0-65 0-15 33-97 34-04 27-26 27-34 N70B NiooB j- 82^ 2245 2305 KT 150 0-46 34-12 27-39 200 0-90 34-24 27-46 300 1-40 34-37 27-53 400 1-84 34-48 27-59 600 2-00 34-55 27-63 800 1-91 34-64 27-71 1000 I -So 34-65 27-73 1500 1-44 34-63 27-74 WS570 19 2-3° 33-83 27-03 N50 V 1 00-0 1700 — very great stray on wires during 10 2-28 33-83 27-03 N70 V 50-0 the later hauls 20 2-27 33-83 27-03 100-50 30 2-25 33-82 27-03 250-100 40 2-25 33-83 27-04 500-250 50 2-19 33-83 27-04 250-0 60 2-10 33-84 27-06 750-0 — 2015 80 1-02 33-96 27-23 N70B 120-0 2130 2150 100 0-21 34-07 27-37 150 0-54 34-20 27-45 200 i-oi 34-28 27-49 300 1-48 34-39 27-54 400 1-88 34-52 27-62 600 1-79? 800 1-91? 1000 1-90? 1500 1-79? 217 28 WS 571-574 R.R.S. William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND Direction SEA Direction Weather CO i. Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks WS571 WS572 2 1 miles S 52° E from Jason light, Cumberland Bay, South Georgia 53° Ill's, 37° 41' W WS573 52° 591' S, 37° 48' W WS574 52°48i'S,38°04'W 1931 19 iii 24111 1241 1600 25 lU 0127 26 iii 0635 NW W X N 4-5 N X W N 4-5 N NW NW NW o. c. b.c. b. 981-5 994-8 997-3 4-4 3-9 mod. N swell NW swell, force 5 NW swell, force 4 1002-4 3-3 W swell, force 5 218 R.R.S. William Scoreshy WS 571-574 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. Depth S7oo at Gear (metres) From To WS571 O 2-30 33-68 26-91 N50V 1 00-0 1241 1243 -2\ hours G.M.T. WS572 5 2-04 33-91 27-12 N50V 1 00-0 1600 lO 2-04 33-91 27-12 N70 V 50-0 20 2-04 33-91 27-12 „ 100-50 3° 2-03 33-91 27-12 ,. 250-100 40 2-01 33-91 27-12 >» 500-250 5° 2-00 33-91 27-12 »» 750-500 60 1-99 33-91 27-12 „ 1000-750 — 1855 80 1-19 33-99 27-24 NiooB 190-0 2117 2137 KT 100 0-56 34-12 27-39 150 0-85 34-20 27-43 200 1-05 34-28 27-48 300 1-52 34-43 27-57 400 1-76 34-49 27-60 600 1-97 34-61 27-68 800 1-89 34-66 27-73 1000 1-73 34-66 27-74 1500 1-32 34-71 27-81 2000 0-91 34-70 27-83 2500 0-57 34-70 27-85 , 3000 0-32 34-68 27-85 WS573 6 2-13 33-83 27-05 N50V 1 00-0 0127 10 2-10 33-83 27-05 N70V 50-0 20 2-IO 33-83 27-05 ,, 100-50 30 2-09 33-83 27-05 250-100 40 2-10 33-84 27-06 500-250 50 2-10 33-84 27-06 „ 750-500 60 2-10 33-84 27-06 ,, 1000-750 — 0350 80 100 1-14 0-57 33-91 33-96 27-18 27-26 N70B N 100 B 1 124-0 0556 0616 KT 150 0-16 34-25 27-51 200 o-6i 34-28 27-51 300 1-54 34-45 27-59 400 1-66 34-55 27-66 600 1-80 34-6i 27-70 800 1-76 34-67 27-75 1000 1-63 34-69 27-77 1500 1-21 34-71 27-82 2000 0-82 34-67 27-81 2500 0-50 34-68 27-84 3000 0-24 34-66 27-84 WS574 7 2-19 33-83 27-04 N50V 1 00-0 0635 10 2-18 33-83 27-04 N70V 50-0 20 2-18 33-83 27-04 »> 100-50 30 2-18 33-83 27-04 )» 250-80 40 2-17 33-83 27-04 i» 250-105 50 2-17 33-83 27-04 »» 500-250 60 2-17 33-83 27-04 ,, 750-500 80 I-2I 33-87 27-15 ., 1000-750 — 0930 100 -0-31 34-03 27-36 N70B ' 103-0 II56 1215 KT 150 0-21 34-21 27-48 Nioo B J 200 o-6o 34-30 27-53 300 1-55 34-47 27-60 400 1-85 34-54 27-64 600 1-93 34-63 27-70 800 1-78 34-66 27-74 1000 1-66 34-72 27-79 219 WS 574-575 R.R.S, William Scoreshy Station Position Date Hour Sounding (metres) WIND SEA Weather ere Air Temp. °C. Dry bulb Remarks Direction Direction 1 WS574 COIlt. WS575 S2°48i'S,38°04'W 52° 35' S, 38° 09' W 1931 26 iii 26 iii 1420 NW 5 NW 7 b.c. 1003-6 4-4 WNW swell, force 6 220 R.R.S. William Scoresby WS 574-575 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks TIME (days) Depth (metres) Temp. S7oo at Gear Depth (metres) From To WS574 7 1500 1-31 34-72 27-82 cont. 2000 2500 3000 0-89 0-59 0-37 34-68 34-68 34-66 27-81 27-83 27-83 WS575 7 2-S2 33-81 26-97 N50V 1 00-0 1420 10 2-81 33-82 26-98 N70V 50-0 20 2-81 33-82 26-98 100-50 30 2-75 33-83 27-00 250-100 40 2-68 33-83 27-00 500-250 50 2-68 33-83 27-00 750-500 60 2-50 33-83 27-02 1000-720 — 1750 80 I -So 33-89 27-12 N70B ) 78-0 1940 2000 KT 100 0-54 34-03 27-31 N 100 B J ' 150 0-40 34-21 27-47 200 0-93 34-34 27-54 300 1-62 34-48 27-60 400 i-So 34-54 27-64 600 1-91 34-63 27-71 800 1-84 34-69 27-76 1000 1-69 34-71 27-79 1500 1-49 34-71 27-80 2000 1-03 34-69 27-81 2500 0-70 34-68 27-83 3000 0-45 221 MS 83-90 Marine Biological Station Station Position Date Duration WIND SEA Weather Direction Force Direction Force MS 83 3 cables N of Macmahon Rk, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia 1930 10 xi 1540- 1605 180 NW 2 NW 3 0. MS 84 2 miles ESE of King Edward Pt, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia 12 xi 1710- 1808 164 SE 2 SE 2 0. MS 85 Do. Do. 18 xi 1405- 1512 — ENE 2 E I b. MS 86 Do. Do. 25 xi 1440- 1542 164 ENE 3 NE 3 0. MS 87 Do. Do. 2 xii 0956- IIOO — N 3 N 3 b.c. MS 88 Do. Do. loxii 1450- 1558 IT4 E 3 NE 3 f. MS 89 Do. Do. 18 xii 1358- 1454 — E 3 NE 2 b.c. MS 90 Do. Do. 24 xii 1046- II40 — SE 2-3 SE 2 b.c. 222 Marine Biological Station MS 83-90 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks P2O5 mgm. p.m.^ (days) Depth (metres) Temp. S7oo at pH 0, cc.p. I. Gear Depth (metres) MS 83 19 5 50 0-99 0-24 -0-85 32-56 32-97 33-35 26-11 26-48 26-83 8-02 8-02 7-92 MS 84 21 1-40 32-65 26-15 8-07 8s — N50V 25^ 5 0-85 32-79 26-30 8-02 91 10 0-20 32-95 26-46 8-02 97 20 -0-39 33-19 26-68 8-02 99 30 -0-50 33-31 26-79 8-02 97 40 — 0-70 33-33 26-81 7-^7 98 SO -0-84 33-35 26-83 7-97 100 75 -0-88 33-35 26-83 7-97 109 MS 85 27 2-40 33-12 26-46 8-07 89 8-22 N50V 25-0 5 1-02 33-26 26-67 8-07 87 8-18 10 0-00 33-26 26-72 8-02 87 8-19 20 — 0-30 33-28 26-75 8-02 91 8-00 30 -0-43 33-30 26-77 8-02 93 40 -0-48 33-30 26-78 7-97 97 7-99 50 — 0-60 33-30 26-78 7-97 105 7-94 75 -0-80 33-44 26-90 7-97 104 7-85 MS 86 5 2-10 33-22 26-56 8-07 88 7-92 N50V 25-0 5 1-54 33-22 26-60 8-07 88 7-89 )J 50-0 10 — 0-20 33-42 26-86 8-07 90 7-87 20 -0-30 33-51 26-94 8-02 91 7-78 30 — 0-40 33-55 26-97 8-02 100 7-69 40 - 0-40 33-58 27-00 7-97 112 7-57 so -0-55 33-58 27-01 7-97 III 7-57 75 — 0-70 33-62 27-04 7-97 no 7-50 MS 87 12 0-90 33-06 26-51 8-07 84 7-92 N50V 25-0 much glacier ice 5 o-6o 33-26 26-69 8-07 85 7-90 10 0-40 33-49 26-89 8-07 86 7-79 20 0-00 33-57 26-97 8-07 85 7-71 30 o-oo 33-62 27-01 8-02 86 7-71 40 — 0-07 33-62 27-02 8-02 86 7-65 50 — 0-20 33-62 27-02 8-02 90 7-60 75 -0-45 33-69 27-09 8-00 93 7-63 MS 88 19 2-75 32-63 26-04 8-07 72 7-89 N50V 25-0 5 1-05 32-79 26-29 8-07 79 7-90 )» 50-0 10 0-45 33-24 26-68 8-07 84 7-90 20 -0-15 33-58 26-99 8-07 94 7-86 30 — o-io 33-62 27-02 8-02 89 7-84 40 — o-io 33-62 27-02 8-02 92 7-82 50 -0-15 33-62 27-02 8-02 92 7-81 75 -0-45 33-68 27-08 8-00 95 7-77 MS 89 28 2-50 32-63 26-06 8-07 74 7-92 N50V 25-0 5 1-50 32-72 26-20 8-07 75 7-76 >> 50-0 10 0-50 32-99 26-48 8-07 78 7-69 20 0-20 33-66 27-03 8-07 79 7-68 30 o-io 33-87 27-21 8-07 80 7-57 40 0-05 33-87 27-21 8-07 78 7-52 50 o-oo 33-87 27-22 8-02 82 7-45 75 -0-15 33-96 27-30 8-02 83 6-98 MS 90 4 1-30 31-78 25-47 8-07 70 7-67 N50V 25^ 5 0-90 33-15 26-59 8-07 72 7-64 )> 50-0 10 0-85 33-24 26-66 8-07 74 20 0-60 33-39 26-80 8-07 79 223 MS 90-98 Marine Biological Station Station Position Date Duration C CO .3 50-0 10 1-60 33-48 26-81 8-07 71 7-68 20 1-60 33-69 26-97 8-07 74 7-45 30 1-43 33-86 27-12 8-07 82 7-45 40 1-30 33-86 27-13 8-07 85 6-97 50 0-91 33-86 27-16 8-02 97 7-05 75 o-8o 34-00 27-27 8-02 102 6-87 MS 98 10 2-50 32-25 25-75 8-07 83 7-87 N50 V 25-0 5 1-80 33-64 26-92 8-07 85 7-42 „ 50-0 10 1-70 33-69 26-97 8-07 86 7-46 20 '-55 33'75 27-02 8-07 87 7-44 225 29 MS 98-105 Marine Biological Station Station MS 98 cont. MS 99 MS 100 Position MS 101 MS 102 MS 103 MS 104 2 miles ESE of King Edward Pt , East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia MS 105 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Date Duration 1 93 1 29 i 5» 12 u 19 11 26 ii 51" 12 ni 19 111 1330- 1425 0952- 1049 1045- 114a 1105- 1220 1025- II^O 1025- 1120 o c 1025- II 20 WIND Direction 164 164 SEA Force N SE SE SE NNE Direction N N Weather Force N N N N N o. r. f. b.c. b.c. b.c. 226 Marine Biological Station MS 98-105 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Station Age of moon Remarks P.O, mgm. p.m.' (days) Depth (metres) Temp. C. S '7o.:, ot pH 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) MS 98 lO 30 1-42 33-80 27-07 8-07 91 7-40 cont. 40 I-IO 33-86 27-14 8-07 91 7-37 50 0-86 33-87 27-17 8-07 94 7-19 75 0-42 33-87 27-19 8-07 93 7-17 MS 99 '7 2-85 32-66 26-05 8-12 84 7-87 N50 V 25-0 5 2-20 33-31 26-62 8-12 86 7-42 )) 50^ 10 2-15 33-51 26-79 8-07 89 7-46 20 1-95 33-51 26-80 8-07 90 7-44 30 I -So 33-60 26-S9 s-07 93 7-40 40 I -60 33-66 26-95 8-07 93 7-37 50 1-42 33-66 26-96 8-07 95 7-19 75 0-95 33-66 26-99 8-02 99 7-17 MS 100 24 2-25 32-14 25-69 8-12 75 7-63 N50V 25-0 5 2-6o 32-65 26-23 8-07 76 7-51 »» 50-0 10 2-05 33-40 26-71 8-07 79 7-37 20 1-90 33-55 26-84 8-07 81 7-39 30 1-60 33-64 26-93 8-07 83 7-40 40 1-40 33-64 26-95 8-02 86 7-35 5° 1-30 33-75 27-04 8-02 86 7-37 75 I -00 33-75 27-06 8-02 106 7-36 MS 101 I 2-20 32-68 26-12 8-12 73 7-77 N50V 25-0 5 1-80 33-48 26-79 8-12 85 7-49 ?> 50-0 10 1-70 33-84 27-09 8-12 81 7-47 2C 1-50 33-84 27-10 8-12 89 7-42 30 1-95 33-89 27-11 8-09 91 7-42 40 1-85 33-89 27-12 8-09 93 7-39 50 I -So 33-89 27-12 8-07 94 7-43 75 1-45 33-89 27-15 8-07 100 7-40 MS 102 S 1-87 31-06 24-85 8-07 73 7-54 N50V 25-0 V. heavy N swell 5 1-87 32-57 26-05 8-07 83 7-39 )> 50-0 10 1-80 32-86 26-30 8-07 82 7-36 20 1-80 32-86 26-30 8-07 83 7-36 30 1-50 32-86 26-32 8-07 83 7-34 40 1-35 32-90 26-36 8-07 84 7-27 50 1-30 32-90 26-36 8-07 88 7-28 75 0-70 32-92 26-41 8-07 89 7-04 MS 103 IS 2-60 31-49 25-14 8-07 77 7-43 N50 V 25^ heavy N swell 5 2-00 32-77 26-21 8-02 80 7-40 i» 50-0 10 I -So 33-06 26-45 8-02 82 7-27 20 1-84 33-06 26-45 8-07 85 7-27 30 1-85 33-12 26-50 s-07 89 7-25 40 1-80 33-12 26-50 8-07 91 7-25 50 1-70 33-12 26-51 8-07 93 7-22 75 I -00 33-12 26-56 8-07 lOI 7-23 MS 104 22 2-10 31-80 25-43 8-07 82 7-47 N50 V 25-0 N swell 5 1-90 32-57 26-05 8-07 82 7-46 )> 50-0 10 1-90 33-01 26-41 8-07 87 7-37 20 I -95 33-01 26-41 8-07 88 7-37 30 1-80 33-06 26-46 8-07 90 7-36 40 1-70 33-10 26-49 8-07 91 7-29 50 1-70 33-10 26-49 8-02 91 7-24 75 1-55 33-10 26-50 8-02 96 7-23 MS 105 29 o'6o 31-35 25-16 8-02 85 7-43 N50V 25-0 much glacier ice 5 1-85 32-86 26-29 8-07 88 7-34 »» 50-0 N swell 10 1-95 32-95 26-36 8-07 89 7-34 227 MS 105-106 Marine Biological Station Station Position Date Duration C 10 WIND SEA Weather Direction Force Direction Force MS 105 cont. MS 106 2 miles ESE of King Edward Pt, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia Do. Do. 1 93 1, 19 iii 29 iii ^355- 1500 — NNW 5 N 5 b.C. 228 Marine Biological Station MS 105-106 HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS Age of Station moon P205 mg.m. mp.^ Remarks (days) Depth (metres) Temp. °C. s 7o„ at pH 0, cc. p. 1. Gear Depth (metres) MS 105 29 20 1-90 33-57 26-86 8-07 90 7-20 cont. 30 1-85 33-57 26-86 8-07 90 7-21 40 1-85 33-57 26-86 8-07 91 7-19 50 1-85 33-60 26-89 8-07 92 7-15 75 1-55 33-66 26-96 8-02 93 7-°3 MS 106 9 2-05 32-59 26-06 8-07 86 7-30 N50V 25-0 heavy N swell 5 2-00 32-63 26-10 8-07 87 7-24 J» 50-0 and sea 10 1-72 33-31 26-66 8-02 89 7-15 20 170 33-49 26-81 8-02 88 7-12 3° 170 33-57 26-87 8-02 84 7-09 40 170 33-60 26-89 8-02 90 7-07 50 1-40 33-60 26-92 8-02 90 7-03 75 I-IO 33-62 26-98 8-02 96 7-02 229 SUMMARIZED LIST OF STATIONS The positions of all stations made by the R.R.S. ' Discovery II ' between January 1930 and May 1931 and the R.R.S. 'William Scoresby' between May 1929 and March 193 1 are shown on the charts reproduced in Plates I-V. The following list indicates on which chart each of the stations is to be found. Station 300-358 359-362 363-371 372-375 376-377 378-392 393 394-405 403-450 446-472 473-526 527-536 537-555 556-604 605-612 613-629 630-639 640-644 644-659 660 661-663 664 665-700 WS 434-441 WS 442-460 WS 461-474 WS 475-494 WS 495-517 WS 518-532 WS 533 WS 534-561 WS 562, 564-566 WS 567-570 WS 571 WS 572-575 Date Place R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY 11' 20. i.-ii. 11. 30 24-25. ii. 30 26. 11.-14. iii. 30 18-21. iii. 30 11-12. iv. 30 13-18. iv. 30 7-8. V. 30 12. V.-4. vi. 30 24. V.-13.X. 30 9. x.-i. xi. 30 3. xi.-io. xii. 30 11-18. xii. 30 19-28. xii. 30 28. xii. 30-25. i. 31 26. i.-io. ii. 31 12-15. ii. 30 3-9. iii. 31 lo-ii. iii. 31 11-26. iii. 31 31. iii. 31 2-5-iv. 31 i5.iv. 31 17. iv.-i8. V. 31 South Georgia South Georgia — South Sandwich South Sandwich South Sandwich— South Shetlands South Shetlands South Shetlands— Cape Horn— South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia — Gough Island — Cape Town South Africa Cape Town— Bouvet Island— South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia — South Shetlands South Shetlands South Shetlands — Bellingshausen Sea South Shetlands South Shetlands— South Sandwich— South Georgia South Georgia — South Orkneys South Shetlands South Shetlands— Cape Horn— South Georgia South Georgia South Sandwich South Georgia South Georgia — Cape Verde Islands R.R.S. 'WILLIAM SCORESBY' 18-30. V. 29 21. vi.-i2. ix. 29 i5.x.-i3.xi. 29 14-28. xi. 29 22. xii. 29-12. ii. 30 27. ii. 30-10. i. 31 22. i. 31 22. 1.-10.11.31 II. ii.-4. iii. 31 6-8. iii. 31 19. iii. 31 24-26. iii. 31 South Georgia — South Africa South Africa Cape Town— South Georgia— Falkland Islands — South Orkneys South Shetlands South Shetlands— Bellingshausen Sea Between Falkland Islands and South Sandwich South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia South Georgia Plate IV I I (inset) I III I IV I V I IV & inset I III II III I & inset I III I IV (inset) I IV (inset) I & inset I V I III II I IV (inset) I IV & inset I IV (inset) I 230 PLATES I— V 3ISC0VERV REI'ORTS. VOL. IV a <.'• > 1 ■-'■'" '.•I' / \ / o > h oi O w w > o u k in >0 (fi n • 1 • ■%/>■ • OS 1 ^r-- • X c J? tt_ s s , , • " : ? W C g o 1 • • ? : ? : I ^^ ""2^ ~ ■^ a ■^^^ 1 • m H (O f* f • ..'< ^^^ -^ s ^ s 9 i^' ? ^ • X C3 ? • ' ^ 1 !=~ to • S 1 £4 1 ?■• . • Si • • (OC ff< • - • " (u • i ¥ s Jjj i 1 ^ s • • S « S ;r- s - SSr. • •r r; fe n ? - . y^ - b 5 • ,.<^' Si r^r^ CO • 11 C ^',^m •^ ? _ ? ^ %. ^"' p-^...... 5 \ -^ao^^Ji^cyy vft ^M^ "^ \ * ^^' / -^ : p.r - fi^" . ^ 1 As N /' + in P5 \- - "" . - . . ..-.,.,-.■..,. - ,^..,..^...,.,^.. .■.-,..-,..,; 1 n * -cj V« h CO J ; ^T 1 w < a, c K 2 < C -^ ^ ■ ^ ?•? = . Sic g S 5:; •y. C o c/: o [Discovery Reports. Vol. IV, pp. 233-264, May, 1932] OLIGOCHAETA PART I. MICRODRILI (mainly ENCHYTRAEIDAE) By J. STEPHENSON, CLE., M.B., D.Sc, F.R.S. CONTENTS Introduction page 235 Geographical Distribution 235 Degeneration of the Internal Organs in the Enchytraeidae . . . 237 Variation in Form of the Nefhridia in the Enchytraeidae .... 240 Systematic 241 Family Phreodrilidae. Genus Hesperodrilus, Bedd. em. Mich 241 Hesperodrihis, sp 241 Family Ench3rtraeidae. Genus Mariotiina, Mich 241 Marionina georgiana (Mich.) 241 Mariotiina grisea, sp.n 243 Marionina aestiium, sp.n 246 Genus Ltimbricillus, Orst 251 Lnmbricillus lineatus (Miill.) 251 Lumbricillus maximus (Mich.) 252 Lumbricillus macquariensis , Benh 254 Lumbricillus antarcticus, sp.n 256 Genus Enchytraeus, Henle 257 Enchytraeus albidiis, Henle 257 Enchytraeus ausiralis, sp.n 258 Enchytraeus colpites, sp.n 260 Genus Michaelsena, Ude 263 Michaelsena monochaeia (Mich.) 263 Genus Achaeta, Vejd 263 Achaeta, sp 263 Bibliogr.\phy 264 OLIGOCHAETA PART I. MICRODRILI (mainly ENCHYTRAEIDAE) By J. Stephenson, M.B., D.Sc, F.R.S. (Text-figs. 1-14) INTRODUCTION THE Microdrili in the present collection have been obtained from four localities: the Palmer Archipelago, almost directly south of Cape Horn, near Graham Land, between 64° and 65° S lat.; the South Orkneys, between Graham Land and South Georgia, in S lat. 60-61°; South Georgia, approximately in S lat. 54-55° and W long. 38° ; and Gough Island, in the middle of the South Atlantic, somewhat to the south-east of Tristan d'Acunha, in S lat. 40°. These places are more or less in line with each other, the line stretching from south-west to north-east, from the Palmer Archipelago to Gough Island ; but Gough Island is at a considerably greater distance from the other localities than these are from each other. Apparently no Microdrili have previously been collected in the Palmer Archipelago, the South Orkneys, or on Gough Island; but from South Georgia we possess the records of Michaelsen (1888) and Michaelsen (1905) {Hesperodrilus crozetensis, Rhyaco- drilus coccineus, Marionina georgiana, M. exigiia, Lumbricilhis maximus, Ettchytraeus albidus, Michaelsena monochaeta). While Marionina exigua, Rhyacodrilus coccineus, and (apparently) Hesperodrilus crozetensis have not been recovered by the present expedition, the tubes from South Georgia contain the other species previously found there, and in addition Marionina aestuimi, sp.n., Liimbricillus antarcticus, sp.n., L. macquariensis (known previously from the sub-Antarctic islands of New Zealand), Enchytraeus aiistralis, sp.n., E. colpites, sp.n., a probably undescribed species of Hesperodrilus, and an indeterminable specimen belonging to the genus Achaeta. My best thanks are due to the authorities of the British Museum (Natural History), where my investigations were carried out, for the facilities so kindly afforded me. All the specimens, including types of the new species, are now in the Museum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The facts of distribution of the earthworms (Megadrili) of the sub-Antarctic islands are of interest as contributing to a discussion of the problem of an Antarctic Continent and its former connections as a factor in zoogeography. The problem has been argued, principally by Michaelsen and Benham, on the basis of the present-day distribution of the acanthodriline genus Microscolex; and I have recently (Stephenson, 1930) given an outline of their arguments, with references to their papers. Briefly, Benham sees the 236 DISCOVERY REPORTS present distribution of species of Microscolex in southern and sub-Antarctic islands, from the South American eastwards to the New Zealand region, as a result of the former existence of an Antarctic Continent with a temperate climate, with northward extensions which reached and included the scattered islands of the southern seas ; while Michaelsen looks on this distribution as due to the dispersal across the ocean of the genus Microscolex (of which at least some species are littoral in habitat and euryhaline) from its home in the south of South America by the agency of the "west wind drift". But it is generally recognized that the distribution of the smaller Oligochaeta (Micro- drili), and especially of the freshwater and littoral genera, has little bearing on the larger questions of zoogeography. They are easily transported by human or other agency or by the inanimate forces of nature ; and accordingly we see, for example, Enchytraeiis albidus, one of the commonest worms of Europe, widely distributed in the islands of the southern seas (though apparently absent from the warmer regions of the globe). It is therefore mainly for the simple purpose of completing our survey that I add here the following notes on distribution. Of the worms brought back by the present expedition Marionina grisea, M. aestuum, Lumbricilliis antarcticus, Enchytraeiis colpites, and Michaelsena monochaeta have each been found only in a single locality {M. monochaeta in the same locality also by a previous expedition). The genus Hesperodrilus (fam. Phreodrilidae), represented in the present collection by an example from South Georgia which is specifically indeterminable, is known from Tierra del Fuego, South Chile, South Georgia, the Crozets, Kerguelen Island, Campbell Island, New Zealand, and New South Wales. The genus Achaeta (this and the following genera belong to the Enchytraeidae), of which an indeterminable example was taken in South Georgia, is also known from Europe and New Zealand. Marionina grisea and M. aestuum, though I consider them as specifically distinct, form with M. werthi and M. benhami (cf. p. 250) a closely interrelated group, the species of which stretch in a line from the Palmer Archipelago (grisea) through South Georgia (aestuum) and Kerguelen (werthi) to Macquarie Island in the New Zealand region (benhami), half-way round the globe. Marionina georgiana has been found, by the present or by previous expeditions, in South Georgia, the Falkland Islands, and the Crozets. Lumbricilliis lineatus (a common European species) in the Palmer Archipelago, the South Orkneys (between the last-mentioned locality and the next), and (with some element of doubt) South Georgia, as well as in Tierra del Fuego. L. maximus in the Palmer Archipelago, the South Orkneys, South Georgia, the Crozets, and (var. Robinson) New Amsterdam Island, in the South of the Indian Ocean. L. macquariensis in South Georgia and in the New Zealand region (Macquarie, Auckland, and Campbell Islands), but not hitherto in any of the islands between. Enchytraeus albidus (common in the northern hemisphere) in Southern Patagonia, DEGENERATION OF INTERNAL ORGANS 237 Tierra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, Kerguelen, the Crozets, and the southern islands of the New Zealand region. E. australis in South Georgia and Gough Island (in mid- Atlantic, not far from Tristan d'Acunha). All the above genera of Enchytraeidae are known from Europe, and Marionina, Lumbricilliis, and Etichytraeus, which are among the commonest representatives of the family, from North America also. Though Rhyacodrilus coccineiis (Tubificidae), recorded from South Georgia by Michaelsen (1905), was not obtained by the present expedition, it is interesting to note that it occurs in Europe, in the Crozets (Michaelsen, 1905 a), and in New Zealand (= Taupodriliis simplex, Benham, 1903). Though the above presentation contains some rather striking facts, such as the occur- rence of LiimbriciUus macquariensis only in the widely separated localities of South Georgia and the southern islands of the New Zealand region, and similarly of Efichytraeus australis only in South Georgia and Gough Island, it can, owing to the ease with which these worms or their cocoons can be transported, hardly be said to contribute data of much value for zoogeographical discussion. We cannot rule out transport by human agency or by natural forces; though, of course, while the facts give no support to the view of a recent temperate Antarctica as a factor in zoological distribution, they are at least not against it. DEGENERATION OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS IN THE ENCHYTRAEIDAE In a number of the worms in the present collection the task of identification and description was rendered difficult or even (as in the specimen belonging to the genus Achaeta) impossible by a marked degeneration of the interior of the animal. This condition was very common in the numerous specimens of LiimbriciUus maximiis, the most abundantly represented species in the collection ; in most of the batches some, it might be even all, of the worms showed the change. In the body wall the muscular layers were breaking up, the longitudinal muscle coat was losing its continuity and its cohesion, small lengths of muscle fibres were being shed and a number of such frag- ments were loose in the anterior segments, where they were apparently becoming converted into a homogeneous somewhat waxy-looking substance. Some of the lymph corpuscles were vacuolated, and many were disintegrating. The alimentary canal shows the degenerative changes in a very marked degree. The pharynx breaks up with the formation of vacuolar spaces, and the setting free of small round or irregular cells and non-nucleated fragments. The cells of the alimentary epithelium are shed into the cavity ; in the preclitellar segments the oesophagus is seen to have lost the whole of its epithelial lining, and its lumen is full of small irregular cells and granular debris; behind segment 14 there is a regular epithelial layer, which here and there is becoming detached but is still continuous. 238 DISCOVERY REPORTS The chloragogen cells become greatly elongated, more than loo/x high, and vacuo- lated, the vacuoles constituting the greater part of the cell, and arranged either in a single series along its length or in more than one series. In the spermathecae the epithelium is shed as a still more or less connected layer, the wall of the organ being reduced to a thin membrane. In the final stages of degeneration the external annulation is lost, and in the worms cleared for microscopic examination no internal structure is visible, except that some- times the alimentary canal is still distinguishable, with some of the ova, and traces of the spermathecae. Among the specimens of Marionina georgiana, the only one which was fully mature was not degenerate, and was well preserved in every way. Another example, only in the early stage of sexual maturity, with none of the sexual organs fully formed, showed changes in the alimentary canal — the intestinal epithelium behind the clitellum was loosening itself from the substratum and beginning to disintegrate ; in the body-wall the muscular layer had for the most part become homogeneous and waxy-looking; and a dense fibrous coagulum was seen in places in the body-cavity, applied to the chloragogen layer of the gut. In the specimens of Michaelsena monochaeta I found the genital segments and those behind them in a curious condition. There was little free space in the segments, which were filled by a mass of cells and cell degenerations, but with no free spermatozoa or stainable male cells at any stage, and no ova ; this filling out with degenerating masses was continued backwards to segment 20, beyond which my sections did not go. In a specimen in which this condition was carried to an extreme, it was noted that the alimentary canal was not much altered, the heavy ciliation of the lining epithelium being preserved. The single example of the genus Achaeta was much disorganized internally ; both the alimentary canal and the interior of the genital segments were in a very degenerate state. The appearances described above do not seem to be due to bad fixation ; the specimens of Lumbricillus maximus, in which degeneration is most frequent, have been fixed with great care, so as to preserve them in an extended condition, which naturally greatly facilitates examination and sectioning ; indeed the same holds for most of the worms in the collection. Speaking generally, even if small worms such as these Enchytraeids were merely thrown promiscuously into spirit, we should get sections which were perfectly usable for morphological purposes (though the worms would doubtless be very incon- veniently bent and twisted). Moreover, some specimens of a batch may be degenerate, others not so (e.g. in the case of Marionina georgiana). The only supposition by which bad fixation could be held responsible for the appearances would be that the worms were already dead and beginning to disintegrate before being taken for fixation ; but this I am sure we can exclude. I have previously recorded (1926) a not very dissimilar degenerative phenomenon in Enchytraeids, and curiously, there also in worms from a frigid region — Arctic, however, not Antarctic (Spitsbergen). In them I frequently found a wholesale degeneration and shedding of the alimentary epithelium, sometimes with overgrowth of the chloragogen DEGENERATION OF INTERNAL ORGANS 239 layer (compare the description of Lumbricilliis maximus above). I was there inclined to ascribe the appearances to excessive parasitization of the alimentary canal, though I had to confess that in some specimens of extreme degeneration there was no evident parasiti- zation. Yet more recently I have again come across examples of degeneration in Enchy- traeids ; some small worms belonging to the genus LumbriciUus sent to me from Plymouth by Mr J. S. Colman proved to be specifically indeterminable, owing to a wholesale degeneration of the organs — not the genital organs only, nor the alimentary canal only. Specimens that I have since received from Mr Colman, at a different time of the year, have given me no trouble, and I hope shortly to describe them as a new species, L. pumilio. I think the condition here is probably a post-maturity degeneration (v. infra) — which, however, has spread beyond the genital organs and affected the whole body. Mrazek (19 10) found that after keeping for some time in unfavourable conditions, Tubificids showed in the coelomic cavity what he took to be portions of the longitudinal muscular layer, sometimes in large amount, so that the coelom was full of this material ; the fragments are sometimes engulfed by the amoebocytes of the cavity. The genital organs were degenerating at the same time, but Mrazek does not connect the two degenerations. I might also recall the fact that in the Naididae there is sometimes a degeneration of the alimentary tract at the height of sexual maturity (in the genera Nais, Dero, Hae- monais;ci. Stephenson, 1930, p. 131, and references there) ; but in these worms the other organs are intact. I think my first acquaintance with these degenerations was many years ago, when I was working in India, and received from Burma, through the Indian Museum, a number of Enchytraeids which had been found attacking rice, burying themselves in and living in the shoots ; an identification was therefore of some economic interest. However, I was unable to say anything, except to make a request for more material, taken, if possible, at a different time of the year. I subsequently received a second consignment ; but here again the same condition was present, and I was unable to do anything with it. I have no doubt that the Agricultural Department, which sent the worms, thought I was a particularly incompetent worker. That the genital organs of Oligochaetes undergo regression after the period of sexual maturity is well known ; the changes include the production of large numbers of phago- cytes, and the disappearance of the sexual organs by phagocytosis. That the spermatozoa remaining in the seminal vesicles or free in the testicular segments are ingested by phagocytes is familiar to us mainly from the work of Cognetti (191 1, 1930) and Cernosvitov (1930); for an account of the histological changes in the degenerating organs, and their disappearance by phagocytosis, we are dependent on Cernosvitov (1930 a), who describes these processes in Tubifex. To which of these forms of degeneration the phenomena described in the present paper are to be assimilated it is difficult to say. They can here hardly be due to parasiti- 240 DISCOVERY REPORTS zation ; parasites (Anoplophryina) are not uncommon in the alimentary canal of these worms, but they do not occur in any extraordinary numbers, and the degree of parasiti- zation would pass without comment if found in specimens of Enchytraeids from our own shores. Are all the above-mentioned forms of degeneration at bottom one — a form which comes on at the end of life, which is sometimes introduced by (or is an extension of) the normal post-maturity degeneration of the genital organs, sometimes by the changes in the alimentary canal? VARIATION IN FORM OF THE NEPHRIDIA IN THE ENCHYTRAEIDAE In seeking for characters on which to base specific distinctions in the Enchytraeidae the form of the nephridia has been much used — e.g. the size of the anteseptal portion of the organ, which may consist of the funnel only, or may comprise more or less of the glandular part in addition ; the shape of the postseptal ; the length of the duct relatively to that of the postseptal; its direction — downwards, forwards, or backwards; and especially the place of origin of the duct — -at the hinder end, or from some place on the under surface nearer or further from the hinder end. I have previously (1922) drawn attention to the variability of some of these characters ; and the following notes, made in the course of examining the sections (all longitudinal) of some of these worms, seem to confirm what I then wrote. The only really fixed feature of the nephridia seems to be the size of the anteseptal relatively to that of the postseptal portion. In a specimen of Lumbricilliis maximiis, in one organ the duct left the hinder end of the postseptal and passed backwards and then downwards to the surface ; in a neighbouring segment the duct left the under surface of the postseptal some distance in front of the hinder end, passing thence first forwards and then downwards and backwards. Similar variations in the place of origin of the duct are found in Marionina aestuum (see the description of this worm, post). In Enchytraeus albidus, in consecutive preclitellar segments, the nephridial duct was seen in one to come off at the middle of the length of the nephridium, in the other from the hinder end ; in other preclitellar segments it came off from the under surface in front of the hinder end — about one-third of the length of the postseptal from the hinder end ; while behind the clitellum it left the postseptal at the posterior end. The duct may pass backwards, backwards and downwards, nearly directly downwards, or downwards and forwards, all in four consecutive segments. The shape of the postseptal, as seen in sections, depends on the direction in which it is cut. It seems (in L. maxirmis) to be considerably flattened from above downwards, and hence appears broadly oval in a more or less frontal series, narrow and elongated in a sagittal series. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 241 SYSTEMATIC Family PHREODRILIDAE Genus Hesperodrilus, Bedd. em. Michaelsen Hesperodrilus, sp. incert. St. WS 62. 19. i. 27. Wilson Harbour, South Georgia. From haul labelled " Moss dwellers " (so on the label; in the Station List WS 62 is said to consist of two hauls, from 15-45 ^^'^ 26-83 m. respectively). A single specimen, not fully mature; along with five specimens of LumbriciUiis antarcticus . I am unable to identify the specimen; it seems, however, to be specifically distinct from H. crozetensis, recorded from South Georgia by Michaelsen (1905). Family ENCHYTRAEIDAE Genus Marionina, Michaelsen Marionina georgiana (Michaelsen) (Figs. 1-3). Pachydrilus georgianus, Michaelsen, 1888, p. 65, pi. ii, figs. 1 a,-] b. Marionina georgiana, Michaelsen, 1905, p. 5. Marionina georgiana, Michaelsen, 1905 a, p. 15, pi. i, fig. 2. Marionina georgiana, Baylis, 1916, p. 298. St. MS 71. 9. iii. 26. From moss between Grytviken and Maiviken, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Six specimens, mostly non-sexual or in early sexual stage, one fully mature; along with a single specimen of the genus Achaeta. Michaelsen largely supplemented his original account (1888) by the examination of specimens from the Crozets (1905 o). The species appears to be somewhat variable, and the following notes may add to our knowledge. Length 5-7 mm.; diameter o-3-o-35 mm., up to 0-4 mm. at the clitellum. Segments 37, 38, 32 (? complete), 30 (? complete), 27 (apparently complete). The setae are slightly lumbricilline in shape (i.e. with a slight double curve). The ventral bundles contain (3) 4, 5 (6) in front of the clitellum, and (2) 3, 4 behind; the lateral bundles have 2-4 setae both in front of and behind the clitellum. The clitellum, occupying segments xii-xiii, is very slightly marked, and is wanting altogether ventrally. Postpharyngeal bulbs are present (for a discussion of these structures cf. Stephenson, 1922 a, or for a short general description, Stephenson, 1930). The dorsal vessel begins as a considerable swelling in segment xii. The anteseptal portion of the nephridium is small, but not very small ; it includes more than merely the funnel, and is about half as long as the postseptal ; the duct is continued backwards and then downwards from the hinder end of the organ. The cerebral ganglion is shown in Fig. i ; the shape scarcely agrees with that shown by Michaelsen in his original account, being narrower in the middle and broader behind, with the posterior lobes more rounded; but probably this only shows how 242 DISCOVERY REPORTS unreliable for diagnosis are slight or even moderately large differences in the shape of the ganglion in preserved specimens. Contrary to Michaelsen, I found no copulatory glands in the segments behind the clitellum. Each testis is divided into tw^o lobes, one extending backwards ventrally, the other disposed vertically by the side of the alimentary canal, but the junction of the two is very broad and the lobes show little independence, unlike the numerous club-shaped lobes of the testes in the genus Lmnbrki/his, which are united only at the origin of their very attenuated stalks. The lower lobe may again show an incipient division. The male funnels are about three times as long as broad. Fig. I gi-' Fig. F'g- 3 Marionina georgiana; cerebral ganglion. Fig. 2. Marionina georgiana; spermatheca, drawn from a whole mount; the full number of gland masses attached to the duct were not visible, only one (gl.) being well seen. Fig. 3. Marionina georgiana; section through duct of spermatheca. A portion of the duct is cut lengthwise, the broader, ectal part of the duct (ec.) being below, the narrower, ental bent portion above (en.). A number (seven) of aggregates of gland cells (gl.) cluster round the ectal portion ; the cells in these stain considerably less heavily than those of the duct itself, x 500. The spermathecae (Figs. 2, 3) have an ovoid or somewhat irregularly pyramidal ampulla, in length loo/Li, prolonged at the ental end into a canal leading by a patent passage into the oesophagus. The tubular duct is well marked off, bent in the form of the letter S, and allowing for the bends is not far from twice as long as the ampulla; its diameter, at first 33-40^1, widens as it passes down, and the ectal portion of the duct is bulbous, 56/M in diameter. The epithelial cells which line the lumen of the duct become elongated and clearer in the bulbous portion, but are mostly still enclosed by the muscular coat. A few cell aggregates burst through the muscular coat, and form rounded lobes, of which one is seen in Fig. 2, and a number cut in section in Fig. 3. These ENCHYTRAEIDAE 243 glandular lobes, not covered on the outside by the muscular coat, are (in the sexually mature specimen) 3 or 4 in number on one side and 7 on the other ; the largest is 28 by 36 /M as cut in section. (The gland masses were constantly two in number in Michaelsen's specimens.) The species has been found in many various habitats, from purely marine (the canal system of sponges) and littoral (amongst roots of seaweeds and the rubbish of the shore), to purely fresh water (under stones in a pool) or more or less terrestrial (in moss). Marionina grisea, sp.n. (Figs. 4, 5). St. 189. 23. iii. 27. Port Lockroy, Wiencke Island, Palmer Archipelago. Shore coll. Three specimens, one small and non-sexual, one found on sectioning to be not fully mature, one sexually mature; along with LtimbriciUus maximus and L. lineatiis. The longest specimen measures 14 mm., the next 1 1 mm. ; diameter of the longest 0-68 mm. Segments 40, 33. The worms are pigmented black on the dorsum ; the pigment extends about as far as the level of the upper border of the ventral setal bundles, though it is thinner in the region between the lateral and ventral bundles. The pigment, while extremely dense dorsally in the most anterior segments, is very scanty, though, as seen in sections, not quite absent, in these segments ventrally. The youngest specimen is not so darkly pigmented, and in it the pigment extends downwards on each side only to the level of the lateral setae or very httle below this. The pigment is situated below, not in, the epi- dermis ; in the youngest specimen it forms a branching and anastomosing network, as if composed of branching chromatophores (though no nuclei are visible) ; in the largest specimen, as viewed whole, the black pigment is largely broken up into discrete roundish particles, though in some parts the chromatophore-like arrangement persists. In sections, the pigment appears as a brown granular deposit on the inner side of the body wall and in the muscular layer. The prostomium is short, rounded, hemispherical. A head pore is apparently present. The setae are lumbricilline in form ; the ventral bundles comprise (6) 7 (8) setae in front of the clitellum, and the same number behind, falling at the hinder end to 4 or 5 ; the lateral bundles contain 4 or 5 in front and about the same number behind the clitellum. The clitellum extends over segments xii-xiii ; it is absent in the mid-ventral region. There is in the sexually mature (but not in the early sexual) specimen, ventrally in segment 10, a plate of thickened superficial epithelium, a single layer of tall cells, which contrasts strongly in its regularity, flatness, and equal thickness over its whole extent, with the thin (cubical or even lower) epithelium of the ventral surface of the segments behind it, and also with the more irregular epithelium of the segments in front, raised in a dome-like fashion (as seen in longitudinal sections) in each segment. The epidermis of these anterior segments is only half as thick as that of the plate in x, 20 /x as against 40/x; while the thickness of the ventral epitheUum of segments xi and xii is less again. 244 DISCOVERY REPORTS The gland cells in the integument, with their deeply staining contents, are arranged in transverse rows (as for example in Lumbricilliis lineatus). The body-cavity corpuscles are disc-like and subcircular, oval, somewhat triangular, or irregular in shape, with a spongy appearance when stained, and containing a small round homogeneous nucleus; in their greatest diameter they measure 25-35/x. Some- times they appear to be degenerate, and coalesce into a loose network or an irregular coagulum-like mass. Septal glands are present in segments iv, v and vi ; from the posterior pair a large irregularly lobed mass projects on each side extensively into vii, reaching backwards more than half-way through the segment ; these posterior lobes are covered by a fine mem- brane derived from septum 6/7, and represent as it were a hernia of the cell mass into the segment behind. Salivary glands are absent. Postpharyngeal bulbs are, however, typically present, as usual in this genus and in Limibricillus. The chloragogen cells of the intestine show large vacuoles ; a single vacuole may take up the greater part of the cell, or there may be more than one vacuole in a cell ; the appearance is such as might result from large droplets of fatty matter having been dissolved out. The dorsal vessel begins in segment xiii in one of the sectioned specimens, in xii in the other. The preseptal part of the nephridia is small, and narrows slightly towards the septum ; it comprises, however, somewhat more of the organ than merely the funnel. The shape of the postseptal varies — short and rounded, or more elongated. The duct also varies ; in the postclitellar region it is short, and passes from the hinder and lower part of the organ downwards, or somewhat forw^ards or backwards, to the surface; it appears rather as if there were really no proper duct, the postseptal being bent at its hinder end, and narrowing, like an inverted cone, to reach the surface. In front of the clitellum, however, there really is a duct from the hinder end, at right angles to and as long as the postseptal. The testes are already large even in the younger of the two sectioned specimens, and form each an elongated triangular mass, invested for the most part by a loose membrane, which is, however, lacking over a portion of the distal end of the gonad. This end is breaking up, and setting free masses of male cells; and large numbers of these de- veloping sexual cells are free in the cavity of the segment. The body of the testis shows a tendency to cleave lengthwise, with the formation of a number of elongated club- shaped lobes not unlike those of Ltimbricilhis; the process is a cleavage only, not a separation, though in some sections a membrane can be seen between the lobes, like the membranes which envelope the club-shaped lobes of the testes of Lumbricillus. The funnels are relatively short, 3 to 3I times as long as broad ; the lip at the open end of the funnel is quite narrow and scarcely everted. The vas deferens, confined to seg- ment 12, forms a loose coil, which pierces through a rudimentary penial body to end on a small rather indefinite male papilla. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 245 The penial body (Fig. 4) is in considerable part embedded in the body-waU. It consists of {a) a number of much elongated cells, vertical to the surface, forming a mass looju in antero-posterior extent and 65 ju. in height; this is pierced by {b) the end of the vas deferens, and {c) also by the stalks of two large glands, the "prostates"; these structures are covered in by {d) a layer of muscular fibres, really the longitudinal layer of the body-wall, which appears here as the fairly definite capsule of the cell mass ; adding the thickness of this capsule to the height of the cells, the vertical extent of the penial body is 78/x. The prostates (Fig. 4) are two on each side, one anterior and one Fig. 4. Marionina grisea; prostates and "penial body" (combined from several sections); x 220. ep. surface epithelium ; gl. glandular cells of the rudimentary penial body ; l.tn. longitudinal muscular layer of body- wall (the circular layer is not visible here); m. muscular fibres filling up angle between stalk of prostate and surface layers, and covering in gland cells of penial body;/), peritoneal cells; pr. "prostate"; st. stalk of prostate; v.d. vas deferens. posterior ; each is a conspicuous, somewhat flattened mass (flattened from above down- wards) of spongy-looking gland cells, 200 ij. in antero-posterior and 240^ in transverse measurement ; the glands thus take up a good part of the width of the segment. Each has a stalk composed of the aggregated thread-like prolongations of the cells ; the stalks converge in the penial body, and eventually reach the surface close to the opening of the vas deferens. The spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 5) consists of ampulla, duct, and glands, the duct being the largest portion of the whole. The ampulla is only slightly swollen {ca. 74/x in diameter), in the main tubular, about 120/X long; it is lined by cubical epithelium, and communicates by a narrow but patent passage with the oesophagus. The duct is bulbous or subspherical in shape, with a diameter of iio/:i and a height of about i20|ti ; its lumen is narrow, and lined by elongated cells with nuclei at their bases ; a muscular coat envelopes the bulb, and the heads of spermatozoa pointing down- Fig. 5. Marionina grisea; sperma- theca, in section, diagrammatic, a. ampulla ; d. the bulbous duct ; gl. gland mass; m. muscular layer of duct; oe. oesophagus. Spermatozoa are seen in the lumen, their heads in the con- striction between ampulla and duct, their tails pointing upwards. 246 DISCOVERY REPORTS wards occupy the upper part of the lumen. The change in character of the Hning epitheHum, tall in the bulb (duct), low in the ampulla, is quite sudden. There are two, or sometimes three, glands in connection with the duct, attached to its lower portion. There is a copulatory gland in segment xv, of some size, consisting of two halves, one on each side of the cord ; each half is bilobed, the lobes being anterior and posterior, and the cord is not in the least covered over, the dorsal surface being quite free ; indeed the gland does not invest the cord closely even at the sides, the two halves being thus quite separate. The gland rises up to a height of loo/x above the inner surface of the body- wall — double the height of the upper surface of the cord — but still does not reach the level of the gut. The relations of this species will be considered along with those of the next. Marionina aestuum, sp.n. II. i. 27. Shore of Bay of Isles, South Georgia; from Ulva sp. between tide marks. Several specimens, some sexual; along with Enchytraeus colpites. The length of the sexual specimens is 11-12 mm., and their diameter o-6 mm., or slightly more at the clitellum. Segments 46, 47, 48. The prostomium is short and rounded. This, like the last, is a pigmented species ; the pigment varies in depth from light to dark grey, and extends from the dorsal surface downwards on each side as far as the level of the ventral setae, or more densely to the level of the lateral setae and thence more lightly to the ventral setae. On a casual examination it appears never to extend all round the body ; but a careful inspection in cedar oil showed that in the most anterior segments a number of scattered chromatophores are present in the ventral region also. As seen in sections the brown branched chromatophores are quite below the epithelium, in the longitudinal muscular coat and especially in a layer on the inner surface of this coat. The setae are lumbricilline in shape, and are rather uncommonly numerous in each bundle. The ventral bundles comprise 14-17 setae in front of the clitellum; behind, 8-15 are found, the higher number only occasionally, the lower usually towards the hinder end of the body. The lateral setae are 8-13 per bundle in front of the clitellum, and 7-9 behind. The clitellum, occupying segments xii-xiii, is saddle-shaped, very thick dorsally, absent ventrally, and lighter in colour than the neighbouring segments ; there is a ventral groove between the well-marked lower border of the clitellum on each side; and the male porophores, situated at this lower border, look almost inwards. The appearance varies somewhat, however, probably with the degree of contraction of numerous muscular bands internally in this region. There is no ventral thickened cutaneous plate in segment x, as in M. grisea. The epidermis contains very numerous and closely set gland cells, staining so deeply blue (with haematoxylin) as to appear black ; indeed for a moment on iirst looking at the sections I doubted if the colour of the worms might not be due to these cells. The depths of the intersegmental grooves, and the areas immediately surrounding the setal bundles. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 247 are free from these glands. The chromatophores are at a deeper level, are brown in colour, and branched ; the pigment is in the longitudinal muscular coat and especially in a layer on its inner surface (cf. M. grisea). The body-cavity corpuscles are small; many are spindle-shaped, mostly ca. 20 /x in length, though sometimes as much as 30/x; others, about the same length, are much broader and subcircular in form; all are nucleated, the cell body staining lightly with eosin and granular in constitution. The postpharyngeal bulbs are the best-developed examples of these enigmatical structures that I have ever met with. There are no salivary glands. The septal glands are bulky, and take up a good deal of room in segments iv-vi ; those of vi project back a long way into vii. In the second series of sections to be examined there was in segment vii a separate septal gland, not a part of that belonging to vi. Its connection with the gland in vi was effected by a non-staining stalk or strand (as the septal glands in each successive segment are always connected to those in front), and it passed backwards through a definite opening in septum 7/8 (not merely bulging this septum backwards) so as to occupy also the anterior part of segment viii. Altogether, therefore, the extent of the glands was quite unusual in this specimen. The chloragogen cells of the anterior segments contain much brown pigmented matter. The dorsal vessel arises in segment xiii, through the whole length of which it extends. From the staining reaction of its contents with eosin the blood presumably contained haemoglobin and was red in life. The nephridia possess each a rather bulky anteseptal portion, with a cylindrical funnel and, in addition, an amount of glandular tissue ; the anteseptal (82 or even perhaps 90 ju,) is nearly as long as the postseptal (100 /x). The duct is as long as the postseptal; it may be given off from the lower surface of the postseptal some little distance from the hinder end of the organ, when it takes a curved course to the surface; its lumen is dilated, apparently forming a sort of reservoir, where it enters the body-wall. The place of origin of the duct, however, seems to vary ; from the evidence of longitudinal sections it may be given off from the middle of the postseptal, or even from quite near the septum. The testes are small organs, each consisting of 4 or 5 cylindrical or slightly club- shaped or pear-shaped lobes surrounded by no obvious capsule ; the type of organ is really that characteristic of the genus Lumbricillus, since the organ is divided down to its base. Segment xi contains a large number of free male cells in various stages of development (morulae, bundles of spermatozoa) — so many that the anterior septum is much bulged forwards, nearly to the level of furrow 9/10; the ends of the testis lobes break up, and the cells become free, much earlier than in most species oi Lumbricillus, so that the testes are here much smaller organs than usually in that genus. The male furmel is about zh times as long as broad; it is a stout organ, about half as broad as the available diameter of the segment ; its everted rim or collar is narrow and projects only slightly. The vas deferens, 1 3 /^ in diameter, is a loose coil of no great length ; it reaches the surface through a cleft in the muscular mass which represents the penial 248 DISCOVERY REPORTS body, then runs between the stalks of the two "prostates" (v. infra), and finally pene- trates the junction of the two stalks and the mass of cells which mingles with them where they abut on the surface. The "prostate" glands, in segment xii, are very large, and lie, one anterior and the other posterior in position, against the lateral body-wall; the hinder end of the anterior touches the front end of the posterior gland. Each is a solid mass, in length 240-3 20 /j. by about 280 /^ in breadth, and is rather deeply lobed; the cells are prolonged into much elongated and fine thread-like stalks, along which the secretion probably passes, and which are aggregated to form a stalk for each gland ; these stalks enter the body-wall, converge, and meet at the surface. There is no definite penial body, that is, no definitely limited, spherical, encapsuled mass, composed mainly of elongated cells abutting on the terminal part of the vas deferens and the surface invagination into which the vas discharges. The stalks of the prostates, however, are enclosed in a loose mass of muscular fibres which run in many directions — a spongy mass, not of very definite outline, and not encapsuled but con- tinuous with the tissues of the body-wall. This mass fills out the interior of the porophore, a projection of some size, at the tip of which is a special rounded aggregate, 100 /x high, of moderately deeply staining cells derived from the surface epithelium ; the stalks of the prostates, and also the vas deferens, enter and come to the surface through this aggre- gate, the elements of which the stalks are composed (the prolongations of the gland cells) mingling indistinguishably with the cells. There is a much greater amount of muscular tissue in this "bulb" than in the corresponding structure of M. grisea; the mass has a vertical thickness of about 250/x, and envelopes the whole of the stalks of the prostates, comes into extensive contact with the base of the glands, and even surrounds their lower parts. Many muscular strands pass inwards from the body-wall in the region of the male pores. The spermathecal apparatus on each side (ampulla plus duct) forms a tube, the diameter of which does not vary very much from one part to another, the ampulla, however, being rather narrower than the duct (diameter of ampulla 70/x, of duct 85/x ; or ampulla 61 ju, duct 74/^), and about equal to it in length (about 160 /x). The ampulla communicates by a patent passage with the oesophagus ; in one specimen a plug, com- posed of the tails of spermatozoa, occupies the tubular passage through the oesophageal wall. Though there is no very sharp external limitation between ampulla and duct, the character of the epithelium of these two parts is quite different ; the high clear cells of the duct give place abruptly to the low, more deeply staining cells of the ampulla, so occasioning a sudden change in the width of the cavity of the organ. The lumen of the duct contains the heads of numerous spermatozoa. Associated with the spermatheca of each side are two masses of gland cells, one above and one below the ectal part of the duct, each mass about as thick as the duct. The stalks of these gland masses enter the muscular layer of the body-wall, and probably reach the surface close to the spermathecal pore ; they do not discharge into the spermathecal duct, which is everywhere enclosed by a muscular investment. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 249 A copulatory gland, small and asymmetrical, is present in segment xiv, and another, still smaller, in xiii. In 1905 Michaelsen described (1905 a) from Kerguelen Island (in the southern part of the Indian Ocean) a dorsally and laterally pigmented worm which he named Marionina werthi. The chief characters were: a maximum number of 10 setae per bundle; testes (apparently of small size) consisting of a small number of separate cord-like lobes (i.e. "divided"); funnels probably about five times as long as broad; penial body bulbous, small, embedded in the body-wall ; a single prostate ; spermathecae broadly spindle-shaped, no distinct duct, no glands ; copulatory glands in xiv, extraordinarily large, extending upwards towards the dorsal surface. In 1922 Benham (1922) discovered amongst the worms collected on Macquarie Island (to the south of New Zealand) similarly pigmented specimens, which he sup- posed to belong to Michaelsen 's species, and which he therefore did not describe fully, contenting himself with giving the points in which they differed from the latter author's description. Thus they had a maximum of 13 setae per bundle; the prostates were "some in front of, and others behind the sperm pore" (they are shown in the figure as in two groups, an anterior and a posterior, opening independently of each other and of the vas deferens) ; no penial bulb ; the spermathecal ampulla considerably wider than the duct, from which it is distinct ; two gland masses opening into the ectal end of the duct. M. grisea, from the Palmer Archipelago, described on p. 243, has much the same pigmentation as the two foregoing groups of specimens (apparently less pigment is present on the ventral surface of the anterior segments) ; the maximum number of setae per bundle is 8 ; the testes are large, and show a commencing cleavage into lobes like those of Lumbricillus; the funnels are 3-3 i times as long as broad; the prostates are two on each side, anterior and posterior; the penial bulb is of small size, not distinctly encapsuled, somewhat indefinite in its limits, and mostly contained within the body- wall ; the spermathecal duct is bulbous in form, broader than the ampulla, and has two glands associated with it; the copulatory glands are in xv, and do not reach the level of the intestine ; there is a thickened ventral plate of epithelium in segment x. Finallv M. oestumn, from South Georgia, has the same pigmentation as the last ; the maximum number of setae per bundle is 17 ; the testes are small, and consist of a small number of separate cord-like lobes ("divided"); the funnels are 2\ times as long as broad ; the prostates are much as in M. grisea ; a penial bulb can scarcely be described, but a large spongy muscular mass envelops vas deferens, stalks of prostates, and a group of gland cells ; the spermathecal apparatus is tubular, and the duct distinct, broader than the ampulla, associated with two gland masses; copulatory glands in xiii and xiv, small or very small ; no ventral plate in x. We may first compare Benham's worms with M. werthi. Benham implies that the structural differences between his specimens and Michaelsen 's are sufficiently great to justify their separation as a distinct species — or at least would be so, were it not for the similarity of pigmentation ("were it not that the pigmentation is so unusual I should be inclined to make a new species for it"). Thus in M. werthi the spermathecal apparatus 250 DISCOVERY REPORTS is broadly spindle-shaped, and there is neither a distinct duct nor any associated glands ; in Benham's worms the ampulla and duct are distinct, the ampulla being (from the figure) considerably wider, and there are two glands. Further, there is a small penial body in M. werthi, none in Benham's specimens ; one prostate, apparently, in M. werthi, but a number of glandular masses aggregated into a few groups in Benham's worms. If the two worms described above (M. griseo and M. aestmim), with the same pigmenta- tion, possess, like Benham's specimens, distinctive structural differences such as would ordinarily be sufficient to characterize separate species, then I think Benham's reason for merging his worms with Michaelsen's will disappear, and we shall have a group of species, closely related, no doubt, with the peculiar pigmentation as a common feature. The worms which I have called M. grisea differ from M. zverthi principally in the testes (massive, with clefts in their substance but not divided into free club-shaped lobes) ; in a very distinct division of the spermathecal apparatus into bulbous duct and spindle-shaped ampulla, and in the presence of two associated glands; in possessing two large and definite prostates ; and in having copulatory glands, of only moderate size, in segment xv (instead of very large glands, in xiv). The specimens from South Georgia, M. aestimm, are distinguished from M. werthi principally by the extraordinarily large number of setae per bundle; the tubular spermathecal apparatus with well-defined duct and associated glands ; the prostates, as in M. grisea; the small or very small copulatory glands in xiii and xiv; and probably by considerable differences in the penial body. M. aestuum is distinguished from M. grisea by the number of setae per bundle, the form of the spermathecal apparatus, the small and divided testes, the copulatory glands in xiii and xiv (instead of in xv only), and by the absence of the ventral epithelial plate in x. The value of this last feature is not quite certain ; it is not described in M. werthi or by Benham for his specimens, but it might possibly have been overlooked, or not thought worthy of mention. It appears definitely to characterize M. grisea as contrasted with M. aestimm. On the whole I consider that the differences between these four forms, especially in the spermathecal apparatus, and in a somewhat less degree in the testes, penial body and associated structures, and in the copulatory glands, are sufficient to justify their separa- tion. They form a closely related group, but I cannot arrange them in a series showing, for example, a progressive evolution or regression of the distinctive characters according to distribution from west to east or vice versa. On the whole the group appears to be a primitive one ; the testes show the first stages, but only the first stages, in the evolution of the condition characteristic of the genus Lumbricilhis, and the lumbricilline penial body is either absent or present in a very indefinite form; the prostates, however, are a special development, not ordinarily found either in Marionina or Lumbricilhis. For the worms described by Benham (1922) I propose the name M. benhami. The difference between the two genera Marionina and Lnmbricilltis lies in the testes — massive in Marionina and not divided to the base, divided in Lumbricilhis and forming numerous pear-shaped lobes attached by their narrow ends, each enclosed in a mem- ENCHYTRAEIDAE 251 brane within which the sexual cells are shed and undergo their development into sperm morulae and spermatozoa. The four species here discussed are so closely related that they must obviously go in the same genus ; but it is somewhat doubtful which this ought to be. It seems to me that the condition of the testes in werthi and aesttiiim resembles rather that of LumbriciUiis, in grisea that of Marionina (nothing is stated regarding the testes of benhami, which we may perhaps infer to resemble those of werthi). I place the whole group in the genus Marionina, however, because Michaelsen (after some hesita- tion) decided to refer his species werthi to this genus. Genus Lumbricillus, Orst. Lumbricillus lineatus (Miill.). Pachydrilus verrucosus, Ude, 1896, p. 3, pi., fig. 6 a, 6 b. St. 122. 14. xii. 26. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Shore coll. (salt water). A number of specimens; along with LmnhriciUus maximus. St. 166. 19. ii. 27. South-east point of Paul Harbour, Signy Island, South Orkneys. Shore coll. A number of specimens ; along with Lumbricillus maximus. St. 189. 23. iii. 27. Port Lockroy, Wiencke Island, Palmer Archipelago. Shore coll. Several specimens; along with Lumbricillus maximus and Marionina grisea. The species is the same as that previously recorded, under the name of Pachydrilus verrucosus, by Ude from Tierra del Fuego (Ude, 1896). It is one of the commonest of the shore Enchytraeids of British coasts, and is well known from other European countries also, and from inland stations as well as from the coasts. It is a variable species, and has consequently been described under many names (cf. Stephenson, 1922). In the specimens from Wiencke Island and from the South Orkneys the septal glands are remarkably small. As is commonly recognized, these glands often or usually consist in each segment (iv, v and vi) of a portion in close association with the posterior septum of the segment and often appearing to be contained between the two lamellae of the septum, and a forwardly projecting lobe on each side ventrally in the segment. In the specimens just mentioned the septal portions of the glands are reduced to a few cells only, between the two layers of the septa; the forwardly projecting lobes are also reduced, but not quite to the same extent. In the examples from South Georgia, how- ever, the glands are of large size. One of the most variable organs of this worm appears to be the male funnel ; in the several descriptions of the species under its various names different proportions are given for the funnel, from 2 to 9 times as long as broad. In worms from one locality in Scotland I found the funnels from 2! to 6 times as long as broad (Stephenson, 1922), while in those from another place the funnels in the intact worm might be as much as 9 times, but might contract, on teasing the worms to isolate the internal organs, to as Httle as twice as long as broad (Stephenson, 191 1 (L. subterraneus)). In the present specimens they appear to be in some cases 5 or 6 times, in others 8-10 times as long as broad. A notable characteristic of the species is the presence of transverse rows of very deeply staining (with haematoxylin) gland cells in the integument. 3-2 252 DISCOVERY REPORTS Lumbricillus maximus (Michaelsen) (Fig. 6). Pachydrihts maximus, Michaelsen, 1888, p. 56, pi. i, fig. i a-e. Lumbricillus maximus, Michaelsen, 1905 a, p. 10. Lumbricillus maximus, var. Robinson, Michaelsen, 1905 a, p. 11, pi. i, fig. i. St. 122. 14. xii. 26. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Shore coll. (salt water). A number of specimens ; along with L. lineatus. St. 166. 19. ii. 27. South-east point of Paul Harbour, Signy Island, South Orkneys. Shore coll. A number of specimens ; along with L. litieaius. St. 179. 10. iii. 27. Melchior Island, SchoUaert Channel, Palmer Archipelago. In creek to south of south-west anchorage. Shore coll. Numerous specimens. St. 189. 23. iii. 27. Port Lockroy, Wiencke Island, Palmer Archipelago. Shore coll. A number of specimens ; along with Lumbricillus lineatus and Marionina grisea. St. MS 70. 9. iii. 26. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Shore coll. A number of specimens. The present species was first described by Michaelsen, from South Georgia, in 1888 ; in 1905 the same author gave additional particulars of its anatomy derived from speci- mens from other southerly latitudes (the Crozets and Kerguelen), and described a variety from New Amsterdam Island (in the south of the Indian Ocean). The following notes, however, are perhaps not quite superfluous. The longest specimen met with measured 45 mm. — a giant among Enchytraeids ; others were 40 mm., others 30 mm. and less; mature worms were found of all sizes down to 17 mm., and some even shorter — 13, 12, and 1 1 mm. The number of segments did not vary as much as the length, the limits, among the worms whose segments were counted, being 55-70, and commonly the number was not very far from 60. The ventral setae are (3, 4) 5, 6, 7 per bundle in front of the cHtellum, and (3) 4, 5 (6) behind; the lateral (3) 4, 5 in front of and (2) 3, 4 behind the cUtellum. In the integument are numerous gland cells staining very deeply with haematoxylin, arranged in transverse rows, as in L. lineatus. The septal gland of segment vi bulges backwards into vii ; the portion which is in relation to septum 6/7 pushes back the septum (or the posterior of the two lamellae of the septum; cf. what was said under L. lineatus) after the manner of a hernia, and may thus reach the level of septum 7/8. There is a pair of postpharyngeal bulbs, in the usual situation. The dorsal vessel usually begins, as described by Michaelsen, in xv, but occasionally further back, in xvi or xvii. The blood stains (haematoxyhn and eosin) a dull dark purple, which probably indicates that it contained a little haemoglobin during life. The male funnels vary much in length, from as little as 3-5 times as long as broad to as much as 7-9 times, or even 10 and possibly 12 times; but Michaelsen's figure of about 8 times is a fair average estimate. They sometimes (? always) become narrower back- wards; thus in one case the diameter at the anterior end was i6o/^, at the hinder end iio/x; the hinder end may project back in a cone-like manner through septum 11/12. The rim or flange at the anterior end is ( ? always) enormously broad, as shown in Fig. 6. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 253 The penial body constitutes a subspherical mass about 200/u, by 250/^1; it is sur- rounded by a strong muscular capsule, and contains much elongated gland cells as well as a stroma or scaffolding of muscular or connective tissue strands. The spermathecae of these specimens agree with Michaelsen's corrected description (Michaelsen, 1905 a). I made a ver}' considerable number of series of sections from the five batches of specimens of this worm, and in describing them my notes more than once say that the duct is marked off from the ampulla ; but from drawings made at the same time this marking off appears to be due, as in Michaelsen's specimens, to a kinking at this place. In other examples the short, some- what bent duct soon widens, its high colum- nar epithelium becomes gradually lower, and without distinct demarcation the duct be- comes the ampulla. The ectal end of the duct is surrounded by a crown of gland cells, rela- tively smaller than in L. lineatus, and slightly lobed; the cells composing this mass are, as usual, epithelial cells of the duct lining, greatly elongated, extending outwards far beyond the muscular investment of the duct. The copulatory glands are, as in Michaelsen's specimens, in segments xiv, xv and xvi. I have previously (p. 237) described the degenerative changes which are very fre- quently found affecting the internal organs in this species. Michaelsen (1905 a) described from New Amsterdam Island a var. Robinson of this species, characterized by its smaller size (12-16 mm.) and by the penial body being divided into two lobes by a transverse cleft, as well as, apparently, by the shorter nephridial duct. In my specimens the length is graduated from 45 mm. down to 1 1 mm. ; I did not notice among the shorter specimens the other distinctive features mentioned by Michaelsen, but I cannot affirm their absence. Some time ago I suggested (1922), without having any direct acquaintance with L. maximus, that it might be identical with L. lineatus. Now, after having at my disposal a large number of examples, I do not think it is, though it is very closely related. The arrangement of the gland cells in the superficial epithelium in regular transverse rows is suggestive of identity, and also the wide variability in the proportions of the male funnel in different specimens. Indeed, bearing in mind the variability of L. lineatus, the only distinction I can point to is in the spermathecae, and even here the difference is by no means so clear-cut as one could desire ; in neither species is the duct sharply marked off from the ampulla ; but the form of the ampulla is spindle-shaped in lineatus, more swollen, on the whole, and more irregular, and the duct relatively narrower, in Fig. 6. Lmnbricillus maximus; male funnel as cut in one of the sections, showing the relatively very broad rim. x 210. 254 DISCOVERY REPORTS maximus ; while the glands round the ectal end extend much further up the duct — as far as the base of the ampulla — in lineatus. Lumbricillus macquariensis, Benham (Fig. 7). Liimbricillus macquariensis, Benham, 1905, p. 295, pi. xiv, figs. 8, 11, 12, 13. Lumbricillus intermedius, Benham, 1909, p. 261, pi. x, figs. 8-11. Lumbricillus macquariensis, Benham, 1915, p. 189. Lumbricillus macquariensis, Benham, 1922, p. 6. Pachydrilus intermedius, Michaelsen, 1923, p. 197. Undine, South Georgia, iii. 26. Six specimens, mostly mature. Note by collector :" Specimens of Crustacea, Oligochaeta, Coleoptera, dipterous larvae and puparia, and apterous Diptera found living together under stones on the upper edge of the beach at Undine Harbour, South Georgia." The present species has hitherto only been known from the islands to the south of New Zealand (Macquarie, Auckland and Campbell Islands) ; it is interesting, therefore, to find it now in South Georgia in the same latitude as these islands but distant from them by nearly half the circumference of the globe. Since this distribution is possibly of some importance, I give below some particulars which will permit other workers to check my identification. The specimens are the stoutest worms in the present collection ; the largest is about 22 mm. long (all are more or less curled) and 1-25 mm. thick, while a smaller one, also sexually mature, is 15 mm. long and i mm. thick. The largest has 72 segments, the smaller specimen 52; the external segmentation is well marked. I did not find the prostomium as in Benham 's L. intermedins — "rather long, about equal to the first two segments together" — but blunt and rounded. The ventral setae are 6 (7) in the preclitellar, (4) 5, 6 in the postclitellar bundles; the numbers for the lateral setae are 5, 6 and 4, 5 respectively. The clitellum, as seen in sections, includes segments xii and xiii and encroaches slightly on xi and xiv ; it is absent mid-ventrally. There are numerous deeply staining gland cells in the integument, in irregular trans- verse rows ; the furrows, however, are free from these cells. The coelomic corpuscles are subcircular or irregularly shaped disks, 18-24/x in diameter, nucleated and of granular constitution, numerous and all of one kind. The septal glands are bulky, the hindmost, belonging to segment vi, projects back- wards into vii so as to reach a level not far from septum 7/8. Postpharyngeal bulbs are present, as usual in the genus, but no salivary glands. The dorsal vessel begins in segment xv ; the intestinal sinus may be somewhat swollen dorsally in xvi, though a definite vessel does not seem to be present here. The nephridia are conspicuous organs in sections, more so than usually. The ante- septal is small, though it includes a little more of the organ than merely the funnel. The postseptal seems contracted antero-posteriorly, short and " hunched up " in appearance, and may be of greater extent vertically than from front to back. The duct is given off from the hinder end of the organ, and is usually longer than the postseptal — indeed it may be quite double the length; it passes down, or sometimes downwards and back- ENCHYTRAEIDAE 255 wards, or with an S-shaped curve, to the surface ; its ectal portion is wider, and except, apparently, when the duct is put on the stretch has a distinct cavity or small reservoir. The male funnels are about 5 times as long as broad, and possess a broad flange-like rim. The spermathecal ampulla (Fig. 7) is of a somewhat oblong shape, and about i| times as long as wide ; it communicates with the oesophagus by a narrow passage which runs out to a point at the oesophageal wall ; the opening is scarcely patent in these specimens. The duct is about half as long as the ampulla, and less than half as wide, and the separation between duct and ampulla appears at first to be fairly definite. In a longitudinal section of the organ, however, the tall columnar cells of the duct extend far into the ampulla — to nearly half its height, where they suddenly give place to a much lower, approximately cubical epithelium, which lines the upper portion of the cavity. Around the base of the duct, not covering its whole length, is a crown of gland cells, a lobed mass consisting really of some of the cells of the lining epithelium of the duct which have elongated outwards through the muscular layer of the duct. Not all the epitheHal cells of the ectal end of the duct are thus elongated ; there is still an epithelial lining with nuclei basally situated, then on the outside of this layer a thin muscular coat with interruptions for the passage of the elongated gland cells, and then the bodies of these cells with their nuclei irregu- larly distributed, Copulatory glands are present in five segments, xiv-xviii ; in the anterior segments of the series they are of moderate size — largest, and equally large in xiv and xv ; they then diminish in size back- wards, and in xviii are very small. All leave the dorsal surface of the cord free. My series of sections do not go back beyond xviii, but from the small size of the glands in this segment it seems im- probable that there should be any more behind this point. The correspondence between these specimens of mine and Benham's worms is close. The number of copulatory glands is larger than that given by Benham, though as an exception the present number (five) was even exceeded by one of Benham's specimens. Similarly, though in his worms the dorsal vessel did not usually arise in xv, it did so occasionally. Septal glands are said by Benham to be present in vii ; possibly the condition is really not unlike that described above. Most of the other features are sufficiently similar in Benham's worms and mine to call for no remark. Fig. 7. Liimbricillus mac- quariensis ; spermatheca in section, showing sud- den transition of cubical epithelium of upper part of ampulla to high columnar of lower part of ampulla and duct. gl. gland mass forming a crown round ectal end of duct. 256 DISCOVERY REPORTS Lumbricillus antarcticus, sp.n. (Fig. 8). St. WS 62. 19. i. 27. Wilson Harbour, South Georgia. From haul labelled "Moss dwellers" (the above is taken from the label ; in the Station List WS 62 consists of t\vo hauls, from 15-45 ^^'^ 26-83 m. respectively). Five specimens ; along with a specimen of Hesperodrilus sp. Length 6-7 mm. ; diameter o-43-o-52 mm. Segments 35-38. Prostomium rounded, hemispherical. Head-pore between prostomium and segment i. Setae lumbricilline in shape; the numbers vary within rather wide Hmits — in the ventral bundles 3-7 per bundle in front of the clitelluin, 3-6 per bundle behind ; the corresponding figures for the lateral bundles are (2) 3-5 and 2-5 respectively. The clitellum embraces segments xii-xiii ; it is absent ventrally and is not well marked even dorsally. There are no rows of deeply staining gland cells in the integument. The body-cavity corpuscles are oval or of an elongated pear shape, 18-20 /a in longest measurement; they stain very deeply, the nuclei appearing as a clearer area in the centre. The septal glands are fairly bulky, but those belonging to segment vi do not push back in any marked degree into vii (as, for example, in L. maximiis and L. macquariensis). A pair of postpharyngeal bulbs are present, as is the rule in the genus ; these appear to take the place of salivary glands which, as usual, are absent. There is no sudden widening of the oesophagus to become the intestine ; there is a slight localized dilatation in segment x, and another in xiv, but it seems doubtful whether these have any importance. The dorsal vessel originates in segment xiii. The anteseptal portion of the nephridium is small, but nevertheless comprises a little more of the organ than the mere funnel. The duct is given ofT from the hinder end ; it is half as long as the postseptal or sometimes more — almost as long as the postseptal, and passes downwards and somewhat forwards. The testes consist of large, typically pear-shaped lobes, containing within the investing membrane male cells, morulae in various stages of development, and ripe spermatozoa. The lobes radiate from their attachment at their narrow ends in a fan-Hke manner (as seen in longitudinal sections), forwards into segment x and backwards into xi ; one large lobe gets into ix and one into xii (in the specimens sectioned). The funnels are remarkably short, only ij or I5 times as long as broad at their free end ; in shape they are rather triangular or pear-shaped, becoming very much narrower at their base where they pass into the vas deferens ; there is no projecting flange-like rim. The vas deferens is confined to segment xii, forming a close coil behind septum 1 1/12 ; it is relatively stout, 16/^1 in diameter. The penial body is of the usual lumbriciUine type, roundly ovoid in shape, with a muscular capsule, the longer (antero-posterior) diameter 200-240 /x. The spermathecal ampulla (Fig. 8) is somewhat spindle-shaped or rather perhaps of an inverted pear shape; its ental end is prolonged to the oesophagus, with which it communicates by a patent passage; spermatozoa are seen to be attached to and to ENCHYTRAEIDAE 257 Fig. 8. Lumbricillus antarclicus; sperma- theca as reconstruct- ed from sections; a glandular mass en- velopes the whole of the duct. penetrate within the epitheHal layer of the ampulla. The duct is short ; the narrow lumen of the duct expands rather suddenly at its upper end to become the cavity of the ampulla ; in this sense ampulla and duct are fairly well marked off from each other, though externally there is no very precise delimitation. A complete circle of glands surrounds the whole length of the duct and embraces the base of the ampulla ; the glandular mass is lobed, and consists of the bodies of the cells of the duct epithelium, all the cells being prolonged through the muscular coat, which is visible as a single layer of fibres running longitudinally on the duct; there are no nuclei in the basal portions of the cells internal to the muscular layer. Copulatory glands are present in segments xiii, xiv and xv; they are of moderate size, and leave the dorsal surface of the cord quite free ; those in xiii are rather smaller than those of the other seg- ments. The present species is related not distantly to L. lineatus, but appears to be distinguished from it by the shortness of the male funnel ; it is alone among the southern species of this genus in having these propor- tions. Genus Enchytraeus, Henle Enchytraeus albidus, Henle. Enchytraeiis humicultor, Ude, 1896, p. 26. Efichytraeus humicultor var. similis, Ude, 1896, p. 27. Enchytraeus albidus, Michaelsen, 1903, p. 142. Enchytraeus albidus, Michaelsen, 1905, p. 8. Enchytraeus albidus, Michaelsen, 1905 a, p. 17. Enchytraeus albidus, Benham, 1905, p. 295. St. 122. 14. xii. 26. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Shore coll., fresh water. Several specimens, mostly with signs of sexual maturity. Same locality and date. Under stones near upper lake ; along with E. australis. Several specimens. This is one of the Enchytraeids of the northern hemisphere which is also found in southerly latitudes ; in the list of papers given above it is recorded from South Georgia (Bay of Isles), Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magellan, the Falkland Islands, the Campbell and Macquarie Islands, Kerguelen, and the Crozets. With the possible exception of Lumbricillus lineatus, it is perhaps the commonest member of the family in Europe; L. lineatus is found predominantly on the shore, but also inland, while E. albidus is predominantly terrestrial but is also found on the shore. The sections of the present specimens attracted my attention by reason of the very wide central lumen of the sperm funnels. 258 DISCOVERY REPORTS Enchytraeus australis, sp.n. (Figs. 9-1 1). St. 122. 14. xii. 26. Maiviken, West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. Under stones near upper lake. Several specimens; along with E. albidus. St. WS123. 8. vi. 27. Gough Island. Shore coll.; under bark of a rotten tree. Fourteen speci- mens. Length 6-7 mm. ; diameter 0-3 mm. Segments 37-42. Prostomium blunt, rounded. Head-pore between prostomium and segment i. Setae enchytraeine in shape, the points fairly sharp ; the setae are large and strong near the hinder end (length near the hinder end 76iu, in the anterior segments 64fx). The number per bundle is very fairly constant — three throughout the body, in both ventral and lateral bundles ; two in the lateral bundles in segment xii and occasionally at the hinder end. The clitellum, embracing segments xii-xiii, is not conspicuous, and is absent ventrally. The gland cells of the cUtellum are arranged in regular transverse rows. There are in general no deeply staining gland cells in the epidermis. The coelomic corpuscles vary in their numbers; they are oval, pear-shaped, or spindle-shaped, 25 /m in maximum length, rather darkly staining, with nuclei. Salivary glands are present, arising from the recess behind the dorsal plate of the pharynx; they are twisted tubes, narrow but of varying diameter, and form a coiled mass which extends back into segment iv ; I saw no branching. There is no sudden widening of the oesophagus to form the intestine. In general, there is nothing remarkable about the chloragogen cells ; they contain numbers of minute refractile particles, possibly oil-like globules (though any oily matter would have been dissolved out by the xylol in the preparation of the sections), appearing as scarcely more than dots even with the high power, in diameter about i ^. Sometimes, however, in some parts of the body, the chloragogen cells are hollow, and appear as a small layer of protoplasm surrounding a central cavity — perhaps a space from which a fatty inclusion has been dissolved out. The dorsal vessel begins in segment xiii. The anteseptal portion of the nephridium is small, about twice as long as it is broad, and consists of the funnel only. The duct is about as long as the postseptal, and is given off often from the hinder end but sometimes from a place somewhat in front of this, running (observed chiefly in the posterior part of the body) downwards or downwards and forwards to the surface. The cerebral ganglion is longer than broad (about i\-i\ times as long) ; its appearance, in two specimens, is shown in Fig. 9. The sides converge slightly forwards or are almost parallel ; the hinder border is not sharply notched, but gently hollowed. The testes are massive organs, each of which extends into the two segments x and xi, with one large lobe in each segment, the lobes being widely continuous ventrally between the segments ; or the organ may be a single mass with hardly any distinction of lobes. Each testis is contained within a thin membrane, the testis sac, which encloses also male cells in all stages of development up to the ripe spermatozoa. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 2S9 The male funnels (Fig. lo) are relatively small, and each appears to be triangular in shape ; this is due to the organ being bent together on itself, as shown in the figure. This condition was seen in five sectioned specimens and in others examined whole, and appears therefore to be constant. As seen thus, the funnels are about as broad as long, but if straightened out they would probably be about three times as long as broad. The vas deferens forms a coil, not large, but close, behind septum 1 1/12 and in front of the male aperture, in the anterior and ventral part of segment xii ; it is 10 /^ in diameter, and enters the penial body on the dorsal side of the latter. The penial body is of lumbricilline type — a definite, compact organ with muscular and peritoneal investments, regularly ovoid in shape except that it is indented — slightly bifid or bilobed — on its internal aspect; its antero-posterior length is 105 ft and its height 70 ;u.. There are no other glandular masses in relation with the male aperture. Fig. 9. Enchytraeus australis; cerebral ganglion; both forms were observed. Fig. 10. Enchytraeus australis ; male funnel. Fig. 1 1 . Enchytraeus australis ; spermatheca. As seen in specimens mounted whole, the spermathecal ampulla (Fig. 11) is of rela- tively small size, irregular in form, with a bulging on one side ; in sections most of the series show it to be somewhat compressed antero-posteriorly ; spermatozoa are seen pushing their heads into the epithelial lining ; and there is a patent communication with the oesophagus. The duct is cylindrical, of some length — longer than the ampulla, but rather narrow (26/x) where not covered by glands; it is well marked off from the ampulla. The ectal half or rather more of the duct is covered all round by a glandular lobed mass, which as usual consists of the cells which line the lumen of the duct elongated and pushing outwards through the fibres of the muscular coat. There are no copulatory glands. For some time I thought it possible that the present specimens might be referable to Vejdovsky's Etichytraeus bnchholzi, a common European species which has also been recorded from the Straits of Magellan (Ude, 1896). I have, however, decided to separate them as a new species on the following grounds: (i) The number of segments — round about 40 in a considerable number of examples, as against 25-28 in E. bnchholzi. 4-2 26o DISCOVERY REPORTS (ii) The almost absolute constancy of the number 3 for the setae in all bundles — which (though given by Ude, for example, as the usual number) seems not ordinarily to be so definitely fixed in E. buchholzi; Michaelsen (in examples of this species which may constitute a distinct variety) found 3 in the preclitellar ventral bundles only, and else- where always 2 ; Vejdovsky's original account (1879) gi^^^ 2, 3 or 4 per bundle, Southern (1906) usually 3, often 2, rarely 4. (iii) The shape of the funnel in the worms here described appears to be quite characteristic; I cannot recall that it has been described in any other Enchytraeid. (iv) One of the chief features of E. buchholzi, mentioned in all descriptions, is the constitution of the large chloragogen cells, which are filled with large refractile oily globules. In sections, of course, the oil drops would have been dissolved by the xylol used in preparation, and would be represented by vacuoles ; such vacuoles I have never seen in any of the several series of sections which I prepared, nor were any oil globules visible in the cells in whole mounts in cedar oil, nor in teased specimens. On the other hand, I have seen such vacuoles, answering exactly to Vejdovsky's description and figure (Vejdovsky, 1879) of those of E. buchholzi, in E. colpiies {v. post), a species which, how- ever, cannot be confused with E. buchholzi. As less important points may be mentioned : (v) the fact that in E. atistralis the dorsal vessel originates within the clitellar segments, in E. buchholzi behind them; (vi) that the extent of the glands round the spermathecal duct is greater in the present specimens than in E. buchholzi; and (vii) that the salivary glands appear to differ considerably from those of E. buchholzi as illustrated and described by Vejdovsky, though it is possibly allowable to suspect some degree of schematization in this author's figure. Enchytraeus colpites, sp.n. (Figs. 12, 13). II. i. 27. Shore of Bay of Isles, South Georgia; from Ulva sp., between tide marks. Several specimens; along with Marionina aestuum. Length 15-16 mm. ; diameter o-8 mm., or i mm. at the clitellum. Segments 37, 38, 39. Prostomium blunt, rounded. Setae lumbricilline in form (with double curve); some, however, almost or quite straight at the distal end (enchytraeine). The ventral bundles contain (4) 5, 6 setae both in front of and behind the cUtellum, the lateral (2, 3, 4) 5 (6) in front and (4) 5 (6, 7) behind. The clitellum includes segments xii-xiii, and is absent ventrally. There are no rows of large gland cells with deeply staining contents in the epidermis, but in each segment are to be seen two bands of small, scattered, deeply staining cells, one in front of and one behind the setal zone. The coelomic corpuscles are spindle-shaped or oval, 25-36/^ in long measurement; they have not all the same appearance, some being granular and others more homo- geneous in constitution. The septal glands are large, and that of segment vi (in relation to septum 6/7) bulges backwards extensively into segment vii, so as to reach the hinder end of the segment. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 261 There are no salivary glands, but a pair of postpharyngeal bulbs arise, as in the genera Marionina and LiimbriciUm, from the recess behind the dorsal pharyngeal plate. There is no sudden widening of the oesophagus. In specimens mounted whole the very dark chloragogen investment, beginning in segment v, is remarkable, and is rather characteristic of the species. The chloragogen cells are large and elongated, up to 57 /x in height ; the nucleus is not far from the middle, and the greater part of the interior of the cell is taken up by half a dozen or more large vacuoles, in series or sometimes two abreast (this appears to be the condition which is described for E. biichholzi). The very small (ijLi or less) brown chloragogen particles are numerous in the anterior segments. The dorsal vessel begins at the anterior end of segment xiv, just behind septum 13/14 (in two sectioned specimens), or (in a third) extends through the whole of segment xiv. The blood stains red with eosin (indicating the presence of haemoglobin), and was therefore red during life; in some of the vessels are red-staining crystals, perhaps crystals of haemoglobin. The nephridia present an extremely elongated funnel constituting the preseptal portion, 80 ft in length by 20 /^ in diameter, with long cilia pointing down the tube and others directed outwards from the lip of the funnel. The shape of the funnel appears cylindrical in some cases, more conical, narrowed towards the septum, in others; this depends probably on the plane in which the part is cut; there are two, if not three, nuclei in the funnel, one being in the projecting part of the lip. The postseptal portion is about i50jii long; its apparent width depends on the plane in which it is cut — from 65 to 90 /x. The duct, given off from the hinder end of the organ, leads downwards or downwards and forwards. The cerebral ganglion (Fig. 12) is as broad as it is long, indented in front and behind, the sides converging forwards ; the breadth at the widest part exceeds that at the anterior end in the ratio 40 : 27. The proper testes are quite small, situated anteriorly and ventrally in segment xi, and cut up into a number of irregular, small, ovoid or shortly cylindrical lobes, which in many cases are seen to be surrounded by a delicate membrane. The testes consist only of sexual cells which have not begun to divide to form morulae ; they differ altogether from the lobed (" divided ") testes of the genus Liimbricilhis, where the numerous large club- shaped lobes, each surrounded by a membrane, consist of undifferentiated sexual cells along with all stages — morulae, FiET. 12. EfichytYdBus col- spermatids and spermatozoa — of their subsequent development. J, u \ r ir tr n r pites; cerebral ganglion. In the present species male cells in all stages of development are found free in the cavity of segment xi, in such quantities as to bulge septum lo/ii forwards or 11 /12 backwards. What happens therefore is that the enclosing membrane disappears at an early stage, and the lobes of the testis shed their cells into the body- cavity, where their ripening takes place. The male funnels are of moderately large size, about 5 or 6 times as long as broad, 262 DISCOVERY REPORTS with a small everted rim at the mouth. In one specimen a rudimentary third funnel was seen, as a small bud on the side of one of the larger ones. I do not remember noticing this particular abnormality before. The vas deferens, 20 /x in diameter, forms a close coil on each side, which may extend into the hinder half of the segment amongst the large ova. The penial body is of the enchytraeine rather than of the lumbricilline type. It con- sists of a number of pear-shaped masses of gland cells, about eight such masses being visible in a single longitudinal section, and the total number on each side being perhaps in the neighbourhood of two dozen. These gland masses are closely compacted together, separated, however, from each other by, and each individual pear-shaped mass more or less enveloped in, muscular strands ; there is no common capsule binding the whole together, and the upper (dorsal) ends of the masses are without covering. The glands are composed of cells derived from the surface epithelium, and discharge on the surface around the small aperture of the vas deferens, which comes to the surface after passing between the glandular masses. The muscular fibres which intervene between the gland masses belong to a numerous series of oblique strands which pass upwards from the neighbourhood of the male pore to the body- wall in the more dorsal part of the segment ; a number of such strands occur also in segment xiii. The spermathecal ampulla (Fig. 13) is elongated, pear-shaped, and passes without any sharp demarcation into the duct ; it communicates with the oesophagus by a passage, which can sometimes be seen to be patent, and is no doubt always so at some time of the sexual history of the animal ; from some of the sections it appears as if the connection with the oesophagus were effected by means of a special diverticulum of the ampulla. The portion of the apparatus which serves as duct is curved ; it has around its ectal end a number of small pear-shaped glands. These glands are derived from the surface epithelium in the immediate neighbourhood of the aperture, where they discharge, and are not, as is usually the case, cells of the lining epithelium of the duct which have elongated and burst through the muscular coat of the duct wall ; they are three or four in number on each side — perhaps sometimes even fewer. Copulatory glands are present and of moderately large size in segment xiv, spreading out to a distance of about 80 ;a on each side of the cord, but they do not cover its dorsal surface. In xiii are smaller glands, as also in xi and x; these last (in x) are very small. The present species occupies (like quite a number of other forms) a position between the genera Enchytraeus and Lumbricilhis. Allying it with Lumbricillus are the lumbricil- line setae, the red blood, and the postpharyngeal bulbs which replace the salivary glands ; copulatory glands are also general in Lumbricillus, exceptional in Enchytraeus. But the most distinctive characters of the genus Lumbricillus— \ht numerous and large pear-shaped testicular lobes or sacs, each enclosing within a membrane all stages in the Fig. 13. Enchytraeus col- pites; spermatheca. "/. glands at ectal end. ENCHYTRAEIDAE 263 development of the male cells, and the compact, ovoid, and encapsuled penial body with characteristic structure are absent, and are represented by the less specialized con- ditions found in Enchytraeus. The specific name is taken from the Greek koXttlt-i]^, dwelling on a bay (/coXttos). Genus Michaelsena, Ude Michaelsena monochaeta (Michaelsen) (Fig. 14). Enchytraeus monochaetus, Michaelsen, 1888, p. 66, fig. 6 a-c. St. 159. 21. i. 27. 53° 52' 30" S, 36° 08' 00" W; depth of net 160 m. Net DLH (large dredge, heavy pattern). About a dozen small worms or fragments of worms, mostly bent or twisted. The species was described by Michaelsen as long ago as 1888 from specimens taken in South Georgia. Identification is easy, by means of the setae. These conform entirely to Michaelsen's description — a single seta only per bundle, the ventral setae beginning in segment v, the lateral in xvii or there- abouts ; I find a slight distal curve in some (lumbricilline setae). The spermathecae (Fig. 14) show a broadly pear-shaped ampulla with patent communication, somewhat drawn out, with the oeso- phagus ; the duct is sharply separate, as long as the ampulla. Owing to the internal degeneration in the genital segments and the generally unfavourable condition of the worms, I am unable to describe completely the penial body, concerning which Michaelsen has not given us any information. The vas deferens appears to pass backwards in numerous windings for several segments, I think as far as segment xiv ; the penial body seems to have possessed a muscular capsule, and not to have consisted of discrete masses of gland cells after the manner of E. albidus. The locality of the specimens deserves a word of note ; they were dredged from 160 m. — a very unusual depth for Oligo- chaetes, which are usually confined to the shore and seldom stray out to sea. Michaelsen's specimens were found with Marionina georgiana about low-water mark, in shaly detritus, among the roots of seaweeds, and in the canal system of sponges. Another species of the genus, M. macrochaeta (Bay of Naples, coast of Ireland), lives, like the specimens of the present collection, below low-water mark. Genus Achaeta, Vejd. St. MS 71. 9. iii. 26. From moss between Grytviken and Maiviken, East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. A single specimen ; along with Marionina georgiana. The interior of the single specimen was much disorganized, and specific determina- tion was impossible. The genus is known from Europe and New Zealand, but not hitherto from more southerly regions. Fig. 14. Michaelsena monochaeta ; spermatheca. a. ampulla; c. communi- cation with oesophagus ; d. duct. 264 DISCOVERY REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY Baylis, H. a., igi6. Some Nemeriinea, Free-living Nematoda and Oligochaeta from the Falklands. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), xvii. Benham, W. B., 1903. On some new Species of Aquatic Oligochaeta from New Zealand. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1903, 11. 1905. On the Oligochaeta from the Southern Islands of the New Zealand Region. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst., XXXVII. 1909. Report on the Oligochaeta of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. In Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Wellington. 1915- On Lumbricillus macquariensis Benham. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst., XLVII. 1922. Oligochaeta of Macquarie Island. Australian Antarctic Expedition: Sci. Rep. Zool. and Bot., vi. Cernosvitov, L., 1930. Studieniiber die Spermaresorption. I.Teil. Die Samenresorption bei den Oligochdten. Zool. Jahrb. Anat., Lii. 1930 a. La regression physiologique des organes genitaiix du Tubifex tubifex Miill. Bull. biol. France- Belg., LXiv. CoGNETTi DE Martiis, L., 1911. Ricerclie sulla distruzione fisiologica dei prodotti sessuali maschili. Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, LXI. 1930. Contributo alia conoscenza della distruzione fisiologica dei prodotti sessuali maschili. Boll. Mus. Genova, ix. MiCHAELSEN, W., 1888. Die OUgochaeten von Siid-Georgien. Jahrb. Hamburg, wiss. Anstalten, v. 1903. Die Oligochdten der deutschen Tief see-Expedition. In Wiss. Ergeb. der deutschen Tiefsee-Exp., Jena. 1905. Die OUgochaeten der schwedischen SUdpolar-Expedition. In Wiss. Ergeb. der schwedischen Siidpolar-Exp. Stockholm. 1905 a. Die OUgochaeten der deutschen Siidpolar-Expedition 190X-1903. In Deutsche Sudpolar-Exp., IX, Zoologie, i. 1923. Oligochdten von Neuseeland und den Auckland-Campbell-Inseln, nebst einigen anderen Pacifischen Formen. Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Exp. 1914-16, No. 17. Mrazek, a., 19 10. Degenerationserscheinungen an Muskelzellen der Annulaten. Arch. Zellforschung, v. Southern, R., 1906. Notes on the genus Enchytraeus with description of a new species. Irish Nat., xv. Stephenson, J., 191 1. On some littoral Oligochaeta of the Clyde. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xlviii. ■ 1922. On some Scottish Oligochaeta, with a Note on Encystment in a common Fresh-water Oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus (Miill.). Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., liii. 1922 a. The Oligochaeta of the Oxford University Spitsbergen Expedition. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1922. 1926. The Oligochaeta of Spitsbergen and Bear Island: some Additions and a Summary. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1925. 1930- The Oligochaeta. Oxford. Ude, H., 1896. Enchytraeiden. In Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Hamburg. Vejdovsky, F., 1879. Beitrage zur vergleichenden Morphologic der Anneliden. I, Monographic der Enchytraeiden. Prag. [Discovery Reports. Vol. IV, pp. 265-290, May, 1932.] OLIGOCHAETA PART II. EARTHWORMS By GRACE E. PICKFORD, Ph.D. Osborn Zoological Laboratory, Yale University I CONTENTS Introduction page 267 List of Species 268 Systematic 269 Family Megascolecidae. Microscolex falclandicus (Bedd.) 269 Microscolex aquarumdulciuni (Bedd.) 273 Microscolex georgianuSyi. georgianus {Mich.) 275 Microscolex michaelseni, Bedd 278 Chilota bicinctus (Bedd.) 280 Chilota patagonicus (Kinb.) 282 Yagansia gracilis (Bedd.) 282 Yagansia papillosus {Bedd.) 284 Dichogaster bolaui (Mich.) 286 Family Lumbricidae. Eiseniella tetraedra, f. typica (Sav.) 288 Eisenia rosea (Sav.) 288 AUolobophora caliginosa (Sav.) 288 Dendrobaena siibrubicunda (Eisen) 288 Bimastus tenuis (Eisen) 288 Lumbricus rubellus, HofFm., f. tristani, nov 289 Lumbricidae Incertae Sedis 289 OLIGOCHAETA PART II. EARTHWORMS By Grace E. Pickford, Ph.D. Osborn Zoological Laboratory, Yale University (Text-figs. 1-3) INTRODUCTION TH E collection of earthworms made by the Discovery Expedition comprises fifteen species from five major localities, viz. the islands of Annobon in the Gulf of Guinea, Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and Hermite Island, Cape Horn. From Annobon only one species was obtained, Dichogoster bolaid var. ; it is not the same as the form of this species previously recorded from the island (see p. 287), but since this species is a peregrine of wide distribution in warm countries there is nothing remarkable in this. Apparently no other species of earthworm has so far been recorded from Annobon. From Tristan da Cunha only five peregrine Lumbricids were obtained ; this is to be expected from a volcanic, oceanic island. It is interesting to find that one of these species, Lumbricus rubelliis, apparently forms a distinct race on the island (see p. 289). In the collection of the South African Museum, Cape Town, there are specimens from Tristan da Cunha (examined by myself) of two of the species here recorded, viz. Allolobophora caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus. Apparently no other collections of earthworms from the island have as yet been examined. From the island of South Georgia only one species is recorded, Microscolex georgiamis; this species occurred abundantly in the collections made by the Discovery Expedition in various parts of the island. This species is endemic to South Georgia, but is closely allied to species from the Falkland Islands (a variety, var. laevis, is described by Rosa^ from Patagonia, but is of doubtful status). An extremely interesting new form of M. georgianus occurred together with the typical form from one locality in the present collections; in this form microscolecine reduction has occurred without affecting any other characters. From the Falkland Islands two endemic species of Microscolex, and two peregrine Lumbricids, viz. Dendrobaena siibrubicunda and Bimastus tenuis, were found in the present collections. The latter are of especial interest in that they both show a pecuhar restriction of the gizzard to segment 17. Michaelsen^ has previously recorded D. sub- rubicunda from this locality, but does not comment on the position of the gizzard. Of 1 Rosa, Atti. Soc. Modena (4), iv, p. 9. 2 Michaelsen, W., Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Terricolen (Nachtrag), p. 27. 268 DISCOVERY REPORTS the two species of Microscolex, one is the well-known endemic, M. falclandiciis ; the other is apparently referable to the less-known species M. aqiiarumdulcium. Two other species of this genus have previously been recorded from the Falkland Islands, viz. M. anderssoni, Mich., and M. bovei (Rosa); the former is possibly synonymous with M. aquarumdidciiim (see p. 274) and is an endemic ; the latter has also been recorded from a large number of localities around Cape Horn. Chilota dalei (Bedd.), the fifth Falkland Islands endemic, did not occur in the present collections. From Hermite Island, Cape Horn, five well-known acanthodriline species occurred in the present collection, all of them Patagonian, Chilean and Tierra del Fuegan endemics of more or less restricted range. With the exception of the specimens of Microscolex michaelseni, which appear to be referable to a new subspecies, there are no indications that these species from Hermite Island are in any way different from specimens of the corresponding species from the mainland or from adjacent islands. A list of the species recorded from the present collections is appended below. A complete review of the earthworm fauna of the Neotropical Region as known up to the year 1905 is given by Cognetti^ ; more recent contributions, when relevant, are discussed under the descriptions of the several species recorded in this communication. LIST OF SPECIES Family Megascolecidae Genus Microscolex, Rosa em. Mich. M. falclandicus (Bedd.), Falkland Islands. M. aquarumdidciiim (Bedd.), Falkland Islands. M. georgianus (Mich.). f . georgianus. South Georgia ; f. reductus, nov.. South Georgia. M. michaelseni, Bedd. hermitensis, subsp.n., Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Genus Chilota, Mich. Ch. bicinctus (Bedd.), Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Ch. patagonicus (Kinb.), Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Genus Yagansia, Mich. Y. gracilis (Bedd.), Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Y. papillosus (Bedd.), Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Genus Dichogaster, Bedd. D. bolaui (Mich.), var., Annobon. ■ Family Lumbricidae Genus Eiseniella, Mich. E. tetraedra (Sav.). f. typica (Sav.), Tristan da Cunha. 1 Cognetti de Martiis, L., Mem. R. Ace. Set. Torino (2), lx, 1905. MEGASCOLECIDAE 269 Genus Eisenia, Malm. em. Mich. E. rosea (Sav.), Tristan da Cunha. Genus Allolobophora, Eisen em. Rosa. A. caligmosa (Sav.), Tristan da Cunha. Genus Deiidrobaena, Eisen em. Rosa. D. siibnibicunda (Eisen), Falkland Islands. Genus Bimastus, Moore. B. tenuis (Eisen), Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha. Genus Liimbricus, L. L. rubelhis, Hoffm. f. tristaui, nov., Tristan da Cunha. SYSTEMATIC Family MEGASCOLECIDAE Sub-family ACANTHODRILINAE Sectio ACANTHODRILACEA Genus Microscolex, Rosa em. Mich. Microscolex falclandicus (Bedd.) (Fig. i g-k). Acanthodrilns georgianus (part), Beddard, 1890, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., N.S., xxx, 4, p. 421, pi. xxx, figs. 15, 16, 22, 30, 32-5. A. falclandicus, Beddard, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 678. Notiodrilus falclandicus, Michaelsen, 1899, Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Terricolen (Nach- trag), p. 5. Hamburg. Notiodrilus falclandicus, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 131. Microscolex falclandicus, Michaelsen, 1905, Wiss. Ergeb. d. Schwed. Siidpolar-Exp. 1901-3, Oligochaeten, v, 3, p. 10. Stockholm. Teal Inlet, Falkland Islands, 5. iii. 27; six clitellate, ten non-clitellate semi-mature and immature specimens. External characters. Length, clitellate specimens, 75-110 mm. Maximum diameter, clitellate specimens, 2f-4 mm. Colour unpigmented, pallid whitish or cream-coloured. Prostomium epilobic with or without one or two transverse furrows, rather variable in extent. Clitellum, | or ^13-16 dorsally, extending laterally to setal Hne a, not complete ventrally as described for the type specimens. Copulatory papillae, variously placed paired or median ventrally on segments 16 or 17-20 or 21, sometimes small papillae near the spermathecal pores. Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores very slightly below setal line c on the anterior border of the segments, not directly in front of c as described for the types. Female pores paired, in front of and very slightly lateral to the ventral setae aa, on segment 14. Spermathecal pores at intersegments 7/8 and 8/9 in setal line b. The other external characters are in essential agreement with those specified for the types. 270 DISCOVERY REPORTS Internal characters. Lateral hearts three pairs in segments 10-12, not five pairs in segments 9-13 as described for the types. Intestine apparently without trace of typhlosole. Nephridia with large terminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles two pairs in segments 11 and 12 as described for the types; the so-called median ventral seminal vesicle described by Beddard appears to be merely a thin-walled sub-oesophageal coelomic chamber. Ovisacs present, moderately large. The prostates usually extend back through 3-5 segments; in one specimen the anterior prostates were very reduced and only occupied one segment. The duct is confined to the first prostatic segment and is moderately long and coiled ; near the gland it is very thin, but the ectal half is thicker and muscular. The gland is thick, tubular and irregularly bent, occupying the remaining 2-4 prostatic segments. The penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall of the segment in which they lie. Penial setae of two sorts, as originally described by Beddard. The dimensions of fully grown setae from both the a and b bundles are about the same (length ca. 1-5 mm., maximum diameter near the base ca. 38 /x, in middle of stem zj-^fi, at distal end just below point where seta begins to taper abruptly ca. ii-i2jli). In both the stem is almost straight, and tapers to a filiform point. In the a setae the distal end is spirally curved through about i-i J revolutions, the direction of the spiral is the same as that of the ornamentation described below. In both setae the distal end of the stem is orna- mented, but the type of ornamentation differs. In the a bundle (Fig. i h, i) the ornamentation begins with single, more or less regularly placed teeth around the stem, these give place to a spiral row of about thirteen scalloped knobs which pass up nearly to the point where the seta begins to taper and then stop abruptly ; the distal extremity beyond this is ornamented with a few very fine teeth. The spiral line of knobs completes one extended revolution; in setae from the right side the spiral is clockwise, in setae from the left side it is anti-clockwise. In the b bundle (Fig. i k) the distal part of the stem, almost up to the point where the seta begins to taper, is ornamented with more or less regularly placed single or double teeth; these setae are presumably identical with the "smooth" type described by Beddard, since the a setae agree with his description and figure of the knobbed type. In Beddard 's figure the extreme distal end of both types of setae is shown to terminate in a round knob ; in all specimens examined by me the distal end is filiform as described above. Such a knob was occasionally observed in the rather similar penial setae of the b bundle in M. georgianns. In a juvenile specimen the precursory penial setae (Fig. i i, j) were found to be more or less of the adult type but shorter, more slender and with less pronounced ornamentation. The spermathecae are very similar to those of M. georgianus with two unstalked narrowly pear-shaped diverticula, and a somewhat larger pear-shaped ampulla passing gradually into a stout duct which receives the diverticula. Paired septal organs occur, as described by Beddard, from about septum 23/24 back- wards ; they usually hang backwards into the segment behind, but may occasionally project forwards instead; the size is very variable. The internal characters are otherwise in agreement with those specified for the types. 'SV ^ J Fig. I. Microscolex aquarumdulcium (Bedd.). a. Distal end of a penial seta b, x 400. b. Distal end of a penial seta a, X 400. Microscolex georgiamis (Mich.), c. Distal end of a penial seta a from a right anterior bundle: the direction of the spiral formed by the three large scales is anti-clockwise, the greater part of the second scale lying on the under side of the seta in the figure, x 400. d. Distal end of an abnormal penial seta b, x 400. e,f. Distal ends of normal penial setae b, x 400. Microscolex faklandicus (Bedd.). g. Distal end of a precursory penial seta a, from a right anterior bundle, X 400. h. Distal end of adult penial seta a, from a right posterior bundle; the direction of the spiral formed by the large knobbed scales is clockwise, the scales indicated by dots lie on the under side of the seta in the figure, X 150. i. Extreme distal end of same seta, x 400. j. Distal end of a precursory penial seta b, x 400. k. Distal end of an adult penial seta b, x 400. 272 DISCOVERY REPORTS Observations. In his original description Beddard referred this species to Acantho- driliis georgianus of Michaelsen. In the same year Michaelsen^ re-described ^. ^^or^m«M5 and pointed out that Beddard's specimens from the Falkland Islands differed in several respects from this species. Michaelsen suggested that Beddard's specimens were not A. georgianus, but were identical with A. bovei of Rosa. Beddard later (1893) accepted Michaelsen 's first suggestion and referred these specimens to a new species, A. falc- landicus. According to these authors M. falclandiciis diff"ers from M. georgianus in the following characters: (i) The intersetal distance cd is markedly greater than ab. (2) The nephridiopores are in setal line c, not slightly below it. (3) The gizzard is rudimentary, not absent. (4) The penial setae are different. As regards the first character new material of M. georgianus described in the present investigation shows that the intersetal ratios are subject to great variation and may frequently be the same as in specimens of M. falclandicus. The nephridial pores of M. falclandicus, though never as markedly below the setal line c as in M. georgianus, are usually slightly so, and this character is therefore unreliable for diagnosis. The difference between a rudimentary gizzard and one which is " totally absent" is also very deceptive as a diagnostic character. The only character which can be relied on in the separation of these species is therefore that of the penial setae. Since the earlier descriptions were incomplete the penial setae of the two species are re-described and figured in the present communication. In both species the setae of the a and b bundles are of about the same dimensions, but differ in their ornamentation. The b setae of the two species are very similar ; those of M. georgianus are shorter and slightly thinner, with ornamentation of the same type as in M. falclandictis, but the teeth fewer and further apart. It is in the a setae that the difference between the two species is most readily appreciated. As with the b setae, those of M. georgianus are shorter and somewhat more slender than those of M. falclandicus ; in both species the distal end is slightly coiled through one revolution of a spiral and is ornamented with a spiral row of knobs ; in M. georgianus these knobs are few in number (three or four), and either smooth or with a slightly serrated edge ; in M. falclandicus there are a large number of knobs (ca. thirteen) and these are prominently scalloped ; in M. georgianus the direction of the spiral is anti-clockwise on the right and clockwise on the left, in M. falclandicus the reverse is the case. Both these species are also very close to M. aquarumdulcium and M. anderssoni, but may be distinguished by the form of the penial setae. In the two latter species (if they are not identical) the a setae are considerably more slender than the b and show no spiral ornamentation. 1 Michaelsen, V^.,Jahrb. d. Hamb. Wtssensch. Anst., vii, 1889, p. 57. MEGASCOLECIDAE 273 Microscolex aquarumdulcium (Bedd.) (Fig. i a, b). Acanthodrihis georgianus (part.), Beddard, 1890, Quart. Jourti. Micr. Sci., N.S., xxx, 4, p. 421. A. aquarum-didcium , Beddard, 1893, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 680. Notiodrilus aquarumdulcium, Michaelsen, 1899, Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Terricolen (Nachtrag), p. 5. Hamburg. TV. aquarumdulcium, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 138. Microscolex aquarumdulcium, Michaelsen, 1907, Die Fauna SUdwest-Australiens, i, 2, p. 143. Jena. ? M. anderssoni, Michaelsen, 1905, Wiss. Ergeb. d. Schived. Siidpolar-Exp . 1901-3, v, 3, p. 8. Stockholm. Teal Inlet, Falkland Islands, 5. iii. 27; four clitellate and one immature specimen. External characters. Length of clitellate specimens, 84-108 mm. ; maximum diameter, 2-2-5 '^''"^- Colour pallid, unpigmented. Prostomium epilobic, with or without a transverse furrow. Clitellum §13-16 dorsally, extending laterally to setal line a. Copulatory papillae variously placed, paired or single, lateral or ventral papillae on segments 15-20; or at the intersegments in this region. Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores in or very slightly below setal line c on the anterior borders of the segments. Spermathecal pores, two pairs at intersegments 7/8 and 8/9 in setal line b. Female pores, one pair on segment 14, in front of and very slightly external to the ventral setae {ad) on each side. Prostatic pores, two pairs on segments 17 and 19, on small papillae situated at the ends of the seminal grooves some- what external to setal line b on each side. Male pores, one pair on segment 18, just external to seta b on each side and lying in the seminal grooves. Seminal grooves straight and very deep, between swollen walls. Intersetal distances, aa : ab : be : cd : dd = at the anterior end, approximately i\: 1 : i\: i\: 2\, dd = ^ u; zt the posterior end, i\ : 1 : i\ : i\ : 2, dd = '^ u. Internal characters. Gizzard very reduced, in segment 5. Salivary glands extend back dorsally into segment 6 or 7. Intestine commences in segment 16; typhlosole absent. Lateral hearts, three pairs in segments 10-12. Nephridia with large terminal vesicles. Septal organs present as in M.falclandiciis, from about septum 24/25 on, sometimes very reduced and sometimes projecting forwards instead of backwards. Testes and spermi- ducal funnels, two pairs, free, in segments 10 and 11. Seminal vesicles, two pairs in segments 11 and 12, depending from septa 10/ 11 and 11/12 respectively, lobulate. Ovaries, one pair in segment 13, fan-shaped, many-fingered. Ovisacs present in segment 14 from septum 13/14. Prostates occupying 6 to 9 segments each, of which the duct usually occupies the first two, occasionally only the first. The gland is more or less straight or irregularly bent ; near the gland the first third of the duct is thin and coiled once or twice ; the remaining two-thirds of the duct is thick, muscular, and curved in the form of a semicircle. There are normally two pairs of well-developed prostates ; in one specimen the left anterior prostate is very much reduced, and penial or ventral sigmoid setae are missing. In a 274 DISCOVERY REPORTS second specimen on the right side the posterior prostate is very reduced and confined to one segment, and the short gland is doubled back on the duct. The penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall of segment 19 near the posterior septum and the bundles of setae lie irregularly, the b bundle twisted in front of the a and pointing up instead of downwards. On the left side a similar condition prevails except that the prostate is apparently entirely absent. The penial setae are apparently normal. Penial setal sac muscles originate, in part, from the body wall of the segment in which they lie, and in part fibres pass back with the prostatic gland and appear to enter the last septum through which the gland passes. Penial setae of two sorts, those of the a bundle more slender than those of the b. In the a setae the stem is straight except for the distal fourth which is strongly curved; the full-grown seta is about 1-5 mm. long and tapers very gradually to a filiform point. The distal end is ornamented on the inner side of the curvature with large, projecting, irregularly placed, serrate scales ; these stop abruptly, and the tapering region beyond is ornamented with very fine, irregularly placed, simple or serrate teeth (Fig. i b) ; in the middle of the stem the diameter is from 12 to 14 /x. In the b setae the stem is straight except at the distal end, which is slightly curved and tapers gradually to a filiform point ; in this region the seta is quite smooth, but lower down it is ornamented at the distal end with alternating, serrate scales (Fig. i rt) ; a full- grown seta is about 1-5 mm. long and in the middle region of the stem about 21-5/^ in diameter. Spermathecae, two pairs in segments 8 and 9, similar to those of M. falclandicus and M. georgianus. Observations. Beddard's original description of M. oquanimdulcmm is very in- adequate, but it is probable that the specimens discussed above are correctly referred to this species. As stated by Beddard for the types of M. aqiianimdidchim, these specimens are verj^ similar to M. falclandicus, but more slender, and the body wall is thinner. Un- like the types these specimens are not smaller, but of about the same length as specimens of M. falclandicus ; this character is of doubtful significance. Beddard evidently only observed the penial setae of the b bundle which he describes. In stating that the large tubercles of M. falclandicus are entirely absent he was in error, since the projecting serrate teeth of the a setae are not unlike those of the latter species. This species is also in close agreement with M. anderssoni Mich. The prostatic duct is not in any sense of the word short as described for M. anderssoni, and the ornamenta- tion of the penial setae seems to be somewhat different. It is quite possible that these differences are not significant and that the two species should be synonymized. M. aquarmndulcium cannot be distinguished from M. falclandicus with any certainty on external characters. It is undoubtedly more slender and owing to the greater thinness of the body-wall the more extensive prostates can as a rule be seen from the outside. On internal characters it is chiefly distinguished by the greater extent of the prostates and by the form of the penial setae. MEGASCOLECIDAE 275 Microscolex georgianus, f. georgianus (Mich.) (Figs, i c-f, T,a). Acanthodrihts georgiamis, Michaelsen, 1888, Jahrb. d. Hivnb. Wissensch. Anst., v, 1887, p. 68, pi. 2, fig. 4 a-d. Mundane georgiana, Michaelsen, 1889, ibid., vi, 1888, p. 61. Acanthodrilus georgianus, Michaelsen, 1890, ibid., vii, 1S89, p. 57. Notiodrilus georgianus, Michaelsen, 1899, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., xii, p. 239. N. georgianus, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 130. Microscolex {Notiodrilus) georgianus, Michaelsen, 1905, Deutsch. Siidpolar-Exp. 1901-3, Oligo- chaeten, ix, Zool., i, p. 54. Microscolex georgianus, Michaelsen, 1905, Wiss. Ergeb. d. Schwed. Siidpolar-Exp. 1901-3, v, 3, p. II. Stockholm. nee Acanthodrilus georgianus , Beddard, 1890, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., N.S., xxx, 4, p. 421. In earth half-way between Cairn and Maiviken, St. MS 70, South Georgia, 4. iii. 26; three clitellate and three non-clitellate semi-mature specimens. In wet moss 200 ft. above Upper Lake, St. 122, South Georgia, 14. xii. 26 ; four fully or partly clitellate and six non-clitellate semi-mature or immature specimens. Under stones near Upper Lake, St. 122, South Georgia, 14. xii. 26; five fully or partly clitellate, seven non-clitellate semi-mature and one immature specimen, one damaged anterior end and two posterior ends. Moss and Acaena, Larsen Harbour, South Georgia, 6. i. 27; seven clitellate and one immature specimen. River bank, Wilson Harbour, South Georgia, St. WS 62, 19. i. 27; fourteen clitellate, seven non-clitellate semi-mature and one immature specimen, and four fragments. From river bank. Undine Bay, South Georgia, St. 65, 22. i. 27; eighteen fully or partly clitellate specimens. Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, no date; twenty clitellate and semi- mature, nine immature specimens, in very poor preservation. External characters. Length rather variable, 31-80 mm. Colour: usually tinged with reddish pigment dorsally at the anterior end, frequently very faint or absent, occasionally moderately deep. Prostomium epilobic, with or without a cross-furrow ; the extent of the tongue is very variable, in some specimens being almost tanylobic. CHtellum -13- -16, usually extending laterally to about setal line « ; in a few specimens the line of demarcation is indefinite and the clitellum appears to extend ventrally on to segments 14 and 15. Copulatory papillae very variable, occasionally absent, frequently paired or single on one or other side on posterior border of segment 10 in the line of the ventral pair of setae ; papillae are usually present, ventrally or laterally, in the region of segments 16-19, variously disposed either on the borders of the segments or across the intersegments. Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores about ^ be below setal line c on the anterior borders of the segments. Spermathecal pores, two pairs in setal line b at intersegments 7/8 and 8/9, either on conspicuous papillae or inconspicuous; this is apparently not correlated with the degree of maturity. Female pores one pair on segment 14 in front of seta a on each side. Intersetal ratios very variable ; in some specimens cd may be about equal to ab as described for the types, but more usually cd is greater than ab. In general the ratios are more or less similar to those of M.falclandicus ; this character is in any case too variable to be relied on in distinguishing the two species. The other external characters are essentially as described for the type. 276 DISCOVERY REPORTS hUernal characters. Gizzard absent. The salivary glands extend back dorsally over the pharynx into segment 6, 7 or 8. Intestine commences in segment 16, typhlosole absent. Lateral hearts, three pairs in segments 10-12. Nephridia with large terminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles, two pairs in segments 1 1 and 12. Ovisacs present or absent, occasionally present on one side only. Septal organs apparently absent. Prostates, two pairs opening in segments 17 and 19 respectively. The duct is confined to the segment of the external opening ; near the gland it is thin and coiled once or twice, near the external opening it is thicker, muscular and curved, but not coiled. The gland occupies 2-4 segments behind that in which the duct lies; it is thick, tubular, and irregularly twisted. Penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall of the segment to which they belong. The penial setae of the a and b bundles are dissimilar. In all the adult specimens examined the penial setae appear to belong to the reserve bundle, in spite of the fact that the specimens were fully clitellate. All the dated collections were made in the summer months from December to January (one is undated), and the absence of full-grown functional setae would be explicable if this period were after or at the end of the breeding season. Without further collections at other times of the year it is impossible to decide on this point. In the reserve bundles the largest setae are apparently practically full grown and the measurements given below refer to such setae. Setae of the b bundle are from 0-45 to o-6 mm. long, about 23 ju, in diameter at the base, 17 narrowing to 14/^ in the middle of the stem and about 9^ at the distal end just below where the seta begins to taper rapidly. The stem is practically straight, tapering very gradually from the base nearly to the distal end and then tapering rapidly to a filiform point. In a few cases the distal end terminates in a rounded, more or less flattened knob (Fig. i d), apparently the result of a deformity. The distal end of the stem is ornamented with a few scattered single teeth (Fig. i e,f). In setae of the fl bundle the length varies from 0-43 to 0-57 mm., the stem is straight except at the distal end and the diameter in the various regions is about the same as in setae of the b bundle. The distal end of the a setae is spirally coiled through not more than one revolution ; the direction of the spiral is the same as that of the ornamentation described below, but the coiling is not very well marked. At the extreme distal end the seta tapers abruptly to a filiform point as in setae of the b bundle. The ornamentation (Fig. i c) commences just below the region of spiral curvature with a few irregularly placed single teeth; this is succeeded by a row of three or four large knobs which follow a spiral line round the stem. In setae from the right side the direc- tion of the spiral is anti-clockwise, from the left side clockwise ; this is the opposite of the condition in M. falclaudicus. The knobs are either smooth or serrated along the edge, never markedly scalloped as in M. falclaudicus. Michaelsen, in his original description, appears to have mistaken the relatively smooth setae of the b bundle for reserve setae. Spermathecae two pairs in segments 8 and 9, similar to those of M. falclaudicus and M. aquanimdidcium. The pear-shaped ampulla is not sharply separated from a short, stout duct, which receives two unstalked simple diverticula near the ampulla MEGASCOLECIDAE 277 (Fig. 3 a). The remaining internal characters are essentially as described for the type specimens. Abnormal specimens. Two abnormal specimens were encountered in the collections of M. georgianns. Since such abnormalities are of frequent occurrence in Oligochaetes and have been made the subject of special study by various authors (the literature is reviewed by Stephenson^), it is only desirable here to indicate the main external features of these specimens. In a clitellate specimen from Larsen Harbour, 6. i. 27, the left side of the animal is entirely normal but the right shows several abnormalities. Segment 9 is divided by a furrow on the right side, and there are three spermathecal pores beginning at inter- segment 8/9. The right female pore is on segment 15 instead of 14. Segment 18 is also divided by a furrow on the right side, and there are three prostatic pores on segments 18, 20 and 21. There is no seminal groove in connection with the first of these; from the second a groove extends half a segment forward and from the third half a segment backwards. No male pore or pores can be seen externally on the right side. The clitellum is also peculiar on the right side, extending over segments 14-17 continuously, absent on 18, and recurring again on segment 19. In a poorly preserved specimen from Wilson Harbour, 19. i. 27, an even more ab- normal condition is found. Segments 1-3 appear to be normal, segments 4-7 are so subdivided by spiral furrows as to be quite confused. There are three pairs of sperma- thecal pores immediately behind this region. If the first spermathecal pore is assumed to be at intersegment 7/8, then the next two are at intersegments 9/10 and lo/ii respec- tively. The clitellum is apparently normally situated in reference to this region, on segments 14-16, but it is poorly defined and owing to bad preservation the female pores are not visible. The prostatic pores are situated very far back and are abnormally arranged. On segment 26 (on the assumption previously indicated) there is a pair of prostatic pores ; on 27 a second prostatic pore on the right and a male pore on the left ; on 28 a prostatic pore on the left and a male pore on the right ; on 29 what appears to be an additional male pore on the left and a third prostatic pore on the right; on 30 apparently a small pair of prostatic pores. Either serial sections or careful dissection would be necessary to confirm these statements, but owing to the poor state of preserva- tion no such examination has been attempted. Observations. This species is exceedingly close both to M. faldandicus and to M. aqiianimdiilcium from the Falkland Islands. The differences separating these species are discussed under M. faldandicus. f. reductus, nov. In wet moss 200 ft. above Upper Lake, St. 122, South Georgia, 14. xii. 26; one fully, one partly clitellate and one non-clitellate semi-fnature specimen {type and para types). These specimens only differ from the typical form in the absence of the posterior pair of prostates and penial setae ; they are in essential agreement with f. georgianiis in all 1 Stephenson, J., The Oligochaeta, Oxford, 1931. 278 DISCOVERY REPORTS Other characters specified in the present and in previous descriptions of the species. It is remarkable that microscolecine reduction of the prostates sliould have occurred with- out involving any other characters, even the posterior pair of spermathecae being normally developed. Length 37-40 mm. Colour slightly pigmented greyish brown dorsally and ventrally at the anterior end. Prostomium schizo-epilobic. Clitellum 13-16 ; in the fully clitellate specimen the clitellum is complete but much less swollen ventrally. Copulatory papillae absent in two specimens ; in the fully clitellate specimen there is a papilla on segment 16 on the right side on the posterior border in setal line a, also swollen areas without definite papillae ventrally on segments 16-18. Microscolex michaelseni, Bedd., hermitensis, subsp.n. (Fig. 2 a, b). St. 222, St Martin's Cove, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, 23. iv. 27, under logs and stones; three mature specimens in very poor preservation (cotypes). Length (two uninjured specimens) 73 and 75 mm. Colour very slightly tinged with red-brown pigment dorsally at the anterior end. Clitellum saddle-shaped, from about 14-16. Copulatory papillae apparently absent, but the state of preservation does not permit certainty. Dorsal pores absent. Intersetal ratios, aa : ab : be : cd : dd, at anterior end approximately 1-5 : i : 1-5 : 1-5 : 2, dd= ca. \u; at posterior end, approximately, i\: \ : \ : \: 2, dd= ca. ^u. The gizzard, as far as the state of preservation allows determination, appears to be quite absent. Salivary glands extend into segment 7 dorsally over the pharynx. Testes and spermiducal funnels, only one pair, in segment 10; there was no trace of a rudi- mentary second pair in 1 1 in any of the three specimens. Prostates occupying 3-5 segments each. The duct is long and somewhat coiled, thicker near the external opening, thinner near the gland, from which it is sharply separated. The duct occupies the first or first and second segments, the short, coiled, tubular gland the remaining two or three segments. Penial setal sac muscles originate from the body wall at the first intersegment behind their respective prostatic pores. Penial setae in two dissimilar sub-bundles. The setae of the two bundles are of approximately the same length (0-9-1 -6 mm.) but those of the a bundle are more slender than those of the b in any given specimen, although the range in diameter actually overlaps (diameter near base, a ca. 20/x, b i8-5-2i-5/^; in middle of stem, a 11-14/^, b 14-20 /i). In general form the setae are as figured by Michaelsen for the types^ ; the setae of the a bundle taper very gradually, of the b bundle more rapidly to a filiform point. The setae of the a bundle agree with Michaelsen's more slender type in being ornamented at the distal end on the inner side of the curvature with prominent serrate teeth, the tapering point beyond the region of large teeth being ornamented with a few small irregular teeth or markings (Fig. 2 b). The setae of the b bundle differ from 1 191 1. Michaelsen, W., Zool.Jahrb., Abt.f. Syst., xxx, p. 567, pi. 15, figs. 10 and 11. J Fig. 2. Microscohx michaelseni hermitensis subsp.n. a. Distal end of penial seta 6 of a cotype, x 400. b. Distal end of a penial seta a of a cotype, x 400. Chilota bicinctus (Bedd.). c. Extreme distal end of a penial seta b, x 400. d. Extreme distal end of a penial seta a, x 400. e. Part of ornamented region of stem towards distal end of a penial seta a, x 400. Chilota patagonicus (Kinb.). /. Distal end of a penial seta a, x 400. Yagansia papillosus (Bedd.). g. Distal end of a penial seta b, x 400. /;. Distal end of a penial seta a, x 400. Yagansia gracilis (Bedd.). /. Distal end of a penial seta, x 150. Dichogaster bolaiii (Mich.), j. Distal end of a penial seta a, x 400. k. Distal end of a penial seta b, side view, X 400. /. Distal end of the same penial seta, face view, x 400. 28o DISCOVERY REPORTS those described by Michaelsen in being ornamented distally all round the stem with sparse serrated teeth or scales (Fig. 2 a). Since these stouter setae are definitely stated to be quite smooth, it would appear that these specimens diff'er from the types in this character. In all other characters, both external and internal, these specimens are in essential agreement with the types of M. michaelseni. Observations. Apart from the possibility that the types are really unpigmented and not merely faded these specimens only differ in the ornamentation of the penial setae of the outer sub-bundle. If these specimens constitute a race peculiar to Hermite Island they should be treated as a subspecies, but it is equally probable that they merely represent a variety not geographically separated from the type. In the absence of evidence to the contrary they have been treated above as representing a distinct sub- species. Sectio Chilotacea Genus Chilota, Mich. Chilota bicinctus (Bedd.) (Fig. 2 c-e). Acanthodrilusbicinctus+ A.purpureus, Beddard, 1895, Proc. ■^'oo^- ^o^. London, 1895, pp. 217, 218. A. bicinctus + A. dalei (part), Beddard, 1896, Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Naid. Tiibif. Terric, p. 27, figs. 10 and 12, pp. 28 and 39. A. pur pur ens y Michaelsen, 1898, Zool. Jalirb., suppl. 4, p. 471. Chilota biciricta, Michaelsen, 1899, Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Terricolen (Nachtrag), p. 17. Hamburg. Ch. bicincta, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 148. Ch. bicinctus, Michaelsen, 1923, Goteborg. Vetensk-Samh. Handl. (4), xxvn, Afd. 32, p. 4. St. 222, St Martin's Cove, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, 23.iv. 27; three clitellate and one immature specimen, also three very immature specimens probably referable to this species; in rather poor preservation. Length (two uninjured, clitellate specimens) 74 and 77 mm. Clitellum, ^13-16, or ^17 dorsally, 14-16 ventrally. Copulatory papillae apparently absent, but state of preservation does not permit certainty on this point. Dorsal pores absent. Nephridial pores in setal line c, difficult to see. Spermathecal pores, two pairs, at intersegments 7/8 and 8/9 on papillae in setal line b. Prostatic pores, two pairs, on segments 17 and 19 in setal line b on papillae. Gizzard in segment 5, small but muscular. Not in segment 7 as described for the types oi " Ac. piirptireus" by Beddard (the condition in the types of Ac. bicinctus is not mentioned). Salivary glands extend into segment 5. Intestine: the position of the first intestinal segment is apparently very variable ; in one clitellate specimen it appeared to be in 19, in another in 20, and in the third in 23 ; in the immature specimen the state of preservation rendered it impossible to determine this point. Typhlosole absent. Lateral hearts: last pair in segment 12 as described for the type of " Ac. pnrpnreiis" but not specified for the types of Ac. bicinctus. MEGASCOLECIDAE 281 Nephridia: the terminal section of the duct proximal to the external pore is con- siderably dilated but does not form a large vesicle as for instance in Ch. patagonica ; before entering the body-wall the duct is constricted again. Owing to poor preservation it is not possible to describe the condition more accurately. Seminal vesicles, two pairs, in segments 9 and 11, not one pair in segment 1 1 as described by Beddard for the types ; the anterior pair is, however, very reduced and finely lobulate. Ovisacs present, in one specimen apparently on the left side only. Prostates occupying five segments of which the first contains the moderately long, thin and sinuous duct. In one specimen both prostates are missing on the right side, and normal ventral sigmoid setae are present instead of penial setae. Penial setal sac muscles pass backwards beside the prostatic glands and originate from the body-wall at the fourth intersegment behind their respective prostatic pores. Penial setae in two dissimilar sub-bundles, approximately as described and figured by Beddard. Setae of the b bundle are long and thin (3-3-3-4mm. long, diameter near base ca. 34^, in middle region of the stem very irregular ca. 20-22, ij., at the distal end below the blade 11-12-5^, breadth of blade 17-20/i, thickness ca. 4-5m). About the distal two-fifths of the stem is ornamented with long, slender teeth, in groups of two or three or in longer rows, rarely singly ; these are chiefly on the lateral and convex sides, not on the inner side of the curvature. On the blade the ornamentation continues on the convex side, but the concave side is smooth, and the sides of the blade are toothed. Contrary to Michaelsen's re-description the teeth just below the blade are not con- spicuously stouter than the rest. The point of the blade is not as blunt as in Beddard 's figure for that of a type (Fig. 2 c). The setae of the a bundle are somewhat stouter and only about half as long as those of the b bundle ; the tip is slightly flattened, but not broadened, to form a scarcely differentiated blade which terminates in a blunt point (length ca. i-8 mm., diameter near base 41-49/^, in middle region of stem 26-29^, tapering at distal end to 15-17^ below the flattened tip, breadth of blade ca. 15-5^, thickness ca. 6 p.) ; distal third of stem ornamented on the concave side of the curvature with large blunt scales, or more distally with large pointed scales ; on the convex side with slender pointed teeth, either singly or in rows of two, three or more (Fig. 2 d, e). Spermathecae : the sperm chamber at the end of the long, thick stalk of the diverti- culum is apparently only divided into a few rather large chambers, and does not consist of numerous chambers forming a mulberry-like head as described by Michaelsen (1923). This appearance may be merely the resuh of poor preservation and is, in any case, probably not a significant diiTerence. In other characters, both external and internal, as far as could be determined, these specimens are essentially in agreement with the types. Observations. Except for the presence of seminal vesicles in segment 9 and the position of the gizzard in segment 5 instead of 7 these specimens agree very well with the descriptions of Ch. bicinctus. The possibility that Beddard was mistaken in both these observations cannot be overlooked, since the anterior seminal vesicles are very reduced and the position of the gizzard is always difficult to determine. Only a re-examination 282 DISCOVERY REPORTS of the types can confirm the identification of these specimens with Ch. bicinctiis, but until this has been done it is not desirable to separate the former as representing a distinct species. Chilota patagonicus (Kinb.) (Fig. 2/). For complete synonymy and bibliography up to 1900, see: Chilota patagonica, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 155. St. 222, St Martin's Cove, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, 23. iv. 27, under logs and stones; one immature specimen. Nephridial pores very slightly below setal line c. Gizzard entirely in segment 5, not in 5 and 6 as stated for the type. Salivary glands stop at septum 4/5. Intestine widens in segment 16. Dorsal blood vessel single as in the smaller specimens described by Michaelsen^ not double as in the typical specimens. Nephridia with well-developed terminal vesicles. Ovisacs apparently absent. Prostates as coiled tubular glands confined to the segment in which they open to the exterior, the duct moderately short and thin, somewhat coiled. The posterior pair of prostates smaller than the anterior, as described by Michaelsen^. Penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall at the first intersegment behind their prostatic pore. Penial setae: those of the a and b bundles alike, essentially as described by Michaelsen. The dimensions are somewhat less than in the types (length 1 7-1 -8 mm., diameter in mid-region of stem 19-23 /tt, just below blade ii-15/x), but since the specimen is immature this is not significant. At the extreme distal end below the blade the ornamentation is in the form of single teeth confined to the inner side of the curvature (Fig. 2 /) ; below this the ornamentation is in the form of rows or part rings of teeth and occurs on both sides of the stem. Spermathecae : the anterior pair are smaller than the posterior. In other characters, as far as its degree of development permits determination, this specimen is in essential agreement with those specified for the type. Genus Yagansia, Mich. Yagansia gracilis (Bedd.) (Figs. 2 i, 3 c, d). Microscolex gracilis, Beddard, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, p. 234. Microscolex gracilis, Beddard, i8<)6, Ergeb.Hamb.Magalh.Sammelr.,Naid. Titbif. Terric.,^. 54. Yagansia gracilis, Michaelsen, 1899, ibid., Terricolen (Nachtrag), p. 22. Hamburg. Yagansia gracilis, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierreich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 160. St. 222, St Martin's Cove, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, 400 ft. alt., 24. iv. 27; one clitellate specimen. Length, 75 mm. Colour unpigmented, not dark purple as described by Beddard for the types. This may well be the result of fading, as has been discussed by Michaelsen (1899) for other specimens of this species. 1 Michaelsen, W., Zool. Jalirb., Suppl. 4, p. 472. ~ Id.,Jahrb. d.Hamb. Wissensch. Anst., vi, Zweite Halfte [Mitt. Mus. Hamb), p. 61. MEGASCOLECIDAE 283 Prostomium epilobic {,. Clitellum |i3-|i6, complete ventrally. Copulatory papillae absent. Dorsal pores present from intersegment 8/9 backwards, except in the clitellar region where pores are apparently absent. Nephridial pores on the anterior Fig- 3- Microscolex georgianus (Mich.), a. Spermatheca, anterior view, x 40. Yagamia papillosus (Bedd.). b. Left spermatheca, anterior view; the diverticulum is spirally coiled in a clockwise direction, x 40. Yagansia gracilis (Bedd.). c. Right spermatheca, anterior view, x 40. d. The same spermatheca, posterior view, X 40. borders of the segments, in or very slightly below setal line c. Female pores on segment 14, anterior and internal to the ventral setae {ad). Intersetal ratios: aa : ab : be : cd:dd on segment 10 about 2 : 1:2: i\ \ s,, dd = ca. \ii\ 2X posterior end, about i^ : i : i| : i : i|, dd= ca. \ii. 3-3 284 DISCOVERY REPORTS Gizzard large, cylindrical, in segment 6, not in segment 8 as described by Beddard for the types of this species. Salivary glands extend into segment 5. Intestine widens rather gradually from segment 17. Typhlosole absent. Lateral hearts, last pair in segment 12. Nephridia: the wide tube is L-shaped and the short limb of the L near the external opening is dilated to form a terminal vesicle. Ovaries very large, as originally described by Beddard. Ovisacs absent. Seminal vesicles comprise two unusually small pairs in segments 9 and 1 1 respectively, not one pair in segment 1 1 as described for the types. Prostates occupying four seg- ments each; the gland thick, tubular and coiled in one plane, beginning in the first prostatic segment; duct confined to the first prostatic segment, very thin, moderately long and coiled, sharply separated from the gland. Penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall at the third intersegment behind the prostatic pores. Penial setae in two similar sub-bundles ; the form of the seta is essentially in agreement with Beddard's description for the types. The ornamentation is as later described by Michaelsen (1. c), except that the fine rows of teeth are not con- fined to the convex side of the curvature at the distal end but occur on both sides (Fig. 2 i). Below the flattened blade the setal stem is thickened. Dimensions, length ca. 2 mm.; diameter near base 31 /li {b), ca. 42/i {a)\ in middle of stem 26-27^ (/»), 28-29;^ (a), in thickened region below blade 31-32/Lt (a), 35/x (h)\ thickness of blade I5-5/X narrowing to 'j-^ii- for both setae, breadth of blade ca. 34/u. (only an a measured in face view). Spermathecae as described for the types (Fig. 3 c, d). In other characters essentially in agreement with previous descriptions. Observations. This species is exceedingly close to Y. diversicolor (Bedd.) from which it was distinguished by Beddard by the form of the prostomium. The present specimen agrees with the description of Y. diversicolor, and differs from Y. gracilis in the position of the gizzard and in the presence of seminal vesicles in segment 9 ; the prostomium is, however, epilobic. Michaelsen expressly states that the penial setae of the two species are identical and in view of this it seems probable that these species are really synonymous or at any rate merely represent forms or subspecies. In the absence of further evidence the present specimen is referred to Y. gracilis, which has priority. Yagansia papillosus (Bedd.) (Figs. 2 g, h, 3 b). Microscolex papillosus, Beddard, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, p. 230. Microscolex papillosus, Beddard, 1896, Ergeb. Hamb. Magalh. Sammelr., Naid. Tubif. Terric, p. 50, figs. 1-4. Hamburg. Yagansia papulosa, Michaelsen, 1899, ibid., Terricolen (Nachtrag), p. 23. Y . papulosa, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierrcich, x, Oligochaeta, p. 161. St. 222, St Martin's Cove, Hermite Island, Cape Horn, 23. iv. 27, under logs and stones; one clitellate specimen, in poor preservation. Colour slightly pigmented dorsally at the anterior end. Prostomium epilobic. Clitellum extends over about 13-16, saddle-shaped, extending laterally to setal line b. MEGASCOLECIDAE 285 Copulatory papillae apparently absent. Dorsal pores absent. Gizzard small, cylindrical, muscular, in segment 5. Salivary glands stop at septum 4/5. Intestine widens from the oesophagus in segment 18, not in 17 as described by Beddard for a type specimen. This character is probably variable, as in the three specimens of Microscolex michaelseni hermitensis described above. Typhlosole absent. Lateral hearts, last pair in segment 11. Nephridia with small pear-shaped terminal vesicles. Ovisacs present. Prostates occupying eight segments each, of which the duct is confined to the first two. Duct straight and half as thick as the gland; gland moderately thin, tubular, straight (not coiled as described by Beddard for a type specimen), sharply separated from the duct. Penial setal sac muscles originate from the body-wall at, or at about (the state of preservation leaves this character in some uncertainty) the i6th intersegment behind their respective prostatic pores, i.e. at about intersegment 33/34. Penial setae: Beddard originally described the penial setae as of two sorts, one fully twice as long as the other, but otherwise alike and unornamented. Michaelsen later re-described the penial setae but did not mention the question of dimorphism ; he described them as ornamented, but was unable to observe this in some specimens (from Punta Arenas, South Patagonia). In the present specimen the setae of the two sub-bundles are dissimilar; those of the a bundle are three times as long as those of the b bundle and are apparently smooth, while those of the b bundle are ornamented. Penial setae of the a bundle are strongly curved when removed, but apparently lie straight in the setal sac; approximately the distal half is somewhat flattened and broadened so as to appear strap-like when turned about, the extreme distal end (Fig. 2 //) forming a thin, bluntly pointed, scoop-like blade. Dimensions of a setae: length approximately 10 mm., diameter near base about 26/x, in proximal half of stem 1 4-1 5-5 /x, distal half 8-1 iju thick and 15-18)11 broad, near the blade 12-5-14^1 broad, thickness of blade about 1-5/^1. Penial setae of the b bundle with a straight stem curved only at the distal end, tapering gradually and terminating in a flattened but not broadened blade which ends bluntly (Fig. 2 g), the distal half of the stem ornamented with rows of fine close-set teeth. Dimensions of 6 seta: length 3-6 mm., diameter near base 33-5/x, in middle of stem 20-21-5^^, near distal end 11 ^i, breadth of blade 7-5^. It seems probable that Beddard was correct in describing a dimorphism of penial setae for the types of this species, but that he failed to observe the ornamentation of the outer setae ; Michaelsen on the other hand appears to have overlooked the lack of ornamentation of the a setae, but it is possible that in his specimens the a setae were also ornamented. Spermathecae : the spiral diverticulum is to the outer side of the ampulla and duct, not to the inside as figured by Beddard ; it is also considerably thicker (Fig. 3 b). On the left side the direction of the spiral is clockwise, on the right side anti-clockwise. In other characters, both external and internal, this specimen is in essential agreement with previous descriptions. 286 DISCOVERY REPORTS Subfamily DIPLOCARDIINAE Genus Dichogaster, Bedd. Dichogaster bolaui (Mich.) var. (Fig. zj-l). For complete synonymy and bibliography up to 1900, see: Dichogaster bolaui, Michaelsen, 1900, Das Tierretch, x, Oligochaeta, p. 340. Reference may also be made to : Dichogaster bolaui, Stephenson, 1923, The Fauna of British India : Oligochaeta, p. 472 (London). Annobon, found under stones near edge of lake, 13. viii. 27; three clitellate specimens, one of which is very damaged, and a fragment. Length: the uninjured specimen is 69 mm., the other not badly damaged specimen is without the tip of the tail but measures 58 mm. Maximum diameter 2 mm. Colour: one specimen is slightly tinged with red-brown pigment dorsally on segments 2-8, also the clitellum is red-brown; the other two specimens are apparently unpigmented. Clitellum saddle-shaped on segments 13-21 or I22. Copulatory papillae as median ventral papillae at various intersegments (specimen i at 15/16 and 20/21 ; specimen 2 at 9/10, lo/ii, 15/16, 20/21, 21/22 and 22/23; specimen 3 at lo/ii and 15/16). Dorsal pores: in the best-preserved specimen the first dorsal pore is visible at 5/6. Gizzards m segments 6 and 7. Septa 4/5 and 5/6 present, 6/7 apparently absent. Last pair of lateral hearts in segment 12. Nephridia in four rows on each side, sometimes a little irregular. Seminal vesicles, two pairs in segments 11 and 12. Penial setal sac muscles arise from the first intersegment behind their respective prostatic pores. Spermathecae : the septa have slipped back so that the anterior spermathecae lie in front of septum 7/8, the posterior pair partly in front of 8/9 and partly projecting into segment 9. Ovisacs present. Penial setae: in general the penial setae agree with the descriptions for this species, but the size is unusually large and the distal end of the smooth seta forms a much less conspicuous blade than usual. Setae of the a bundle are o-52-o-59 mm. long, 9^ in diameter in the mid-region of the stem, narrowing to 4-5-5-5f^ towards the distal end; the distal end ornamented with about 6 large teeth arranged in two rows, a seventh smaller tooth may be present proximal to the others, and several of the more basal teeth are double (Fig. 2;). Setae of the b bundle are o-46-o-5 mm. long, about 6;^ in diameter in the mid-region of the stem narrowing to 3 or 4 ;u, towards the distal end, the distal end is slightly flattened (4jli thick and 5-5 ;u. broad), the tip is flattened considerably but not broadened {^fj- broad and ca. I^l thick), and terminates in a slightly notched edge (Fig. 2 k, I); these setae are unornamented. In other characters these specimens are in essential agreement with the descriptions of D. bolaui. Observations. In addition to the typical D. bolaui at least five different forms or varieties of this species have been recognized, viz. palmicola Eisen, pacifica Eisen, octonephra Rosa, decanephra Michaelsen and malabarica Stephenson. At least two other MEGASCOLECIDAE 287 species of Dichogaster appear to be closely related to D. bolaiii, viz. D. malayana (Horst)^ and D. rtigosa (Eisen) ; the former is primarily distinguished by the ring-shaped clitellum, and the latter by its pigmentation. The specimens under consideration differ from typical D. bolaui as follows : (i) Greater size; in this character they a^^roach. palmicola of Eisen, but differ from specimens referred to this variety by Stephenson-, which are quite small. (2) Pigmentation of one specimen (the others may be either faded or really not pigmented). In this character there is an approach to D. rugosa. Michaelsen^ makes the following statement concerning certain specimens of D. bolaui from New Caledonia " Die Stiicke von der Station am Fluss bei Cone sind mit einer Farben-Angabe iiber die lebenden Tiere versehen: Vorder-Ende 'rosarot'". Stephenson* also describes var. malabarica as with a dark mid-dorsal stripe. It would therefore seem that a trace of pigmentation is of doubtful taxonomic significance in this species, and in the absence of other very definite distinguishing characters it is doubtful whether D. rugosa should be retained as a distinct species (the form of the distal end of the smooth penial setae {} b) is probably not sufficiently different to be treated as a specific character). (3) Nephridia in four rows on each side. In this character the present specimens agree with octonephra and also with D. rugosa. In decanephra there are five rows while in the other forms under consideration there are only three. (4) Two pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 11 and 12. The additional pair of seminal vesicles also characterizes octouephra, palmicola and pacifica. (5) Gizzards in segments 6 and 7 instead of 7 and 8. Stephenson^ records this peculi- arity for specimens of otherwise typical D. bolaui from Burma. The absence of septum 6/7 is paralleled by the absence of septum 7/8 in palmicola and pacifica. (6) The distal end of penial seta b (the smooth seta) is not broadened or spoon- shaped, but merely flattened and slightly notched. Michaelsen'' has described a similar reduction of the distal end for decanephra from the island of Annobon. Although the present specimens differ from decanephra in their larger size and in the number of nephridial rows it is significant that the form of the penial setae should be similar, since they come from the same locality. On the whole the present specimens agree most closely with octonephra, but from this variety they differ in the indications of pigmentation, in their larger size and in the form of the distal end of penial seta b. D. bolaui appears to be a very variable species and it is doubtful how far the different forms described are really taxonomically significant. 1 Stephenson {Rec. Ind. Mus., .xxxni, p. 195) considers D. bolaui and D. malayana to be identical. ^ Stephenson, J., Rec. Ind. Mus., xii, p. 348. ^ Michaelsen, W., in : Sarasin, F., and Roux, J., Nova Caledonia, Zoologie, i, p. 273. Wiesbaden. ^ Stephenson, J., Mem. Ind. Mus., vii, p. 257. ^ Ibid., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1931, i, p. 65. * Michaelsen, W., Ergeb. d. Zweiten Deutsch. Zentral-Afrika-Exped. 1910-11, i, Zoologie, p. 191. Leipzig. 288 DISCOVERY REPORTS Family LUMBRICIDAE Genus Eiseniella, Mich. Eiseniella tetraedra, f. typica (Sav.). Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31.1.26; two clitellate and one immature specimen. Genus Eisenia, Malm. em. Mich. Eisenia rosea (Sav.). Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31. i. 26; three mature or semi-mature speci- mens ; two immature specimens probably referable to this species. Genus AUolobophora, Eisen em. Rosa Allolobophora caliginosa (Sav.). Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31. i. 26; two immature specimens probably referable to this species. Genus Dendrobaena, Eisen em. Rosa Dendrobaena subrubicunda (Eisen). Falkland Islands, Teal Inlet, 5. iii. 27 ; four clitellate specimens, two with clitellar bands, and eight immature specimens. Clitellum including segments 26, ^26, or 27-31. Clitellar bands including segments 28 or §28-30, ca. I31 or 31. In most specimens the gizzard is either confined to segment 17 or extends very slightly into 18 ; in one specimen it extends as far as .^18 and in another to as much as f 18. This restriction of the gizzard to one segment has not been recorded before in this species. Its occurrence in these specimens serves further to show that the distinction, based on this character, which separates Eiseniella from the other Lumbricid genera is not by any means definite (see Stephenson^ for a discussion of this subject). In all but two specimens there are two pairs of spermathecae normally situated, in segments 9 and 10 at intersegments 9/10 and lo/i i. In two immature specimens there is only one pair in segment 9 at intersegment 9/10. Since both pairs are visible as rudi- ments in other equally immature specimens it seems certain that these two specimens are abnormal in this character. Genus Bimastus, Moore Bimastus tenuis (Eisen). Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31. i. 26; one clitellate specimen, three im- mature specimens probably referable to this species. Falkland Islands, Teal Inlet, 5. iii. 27; one clitellate specimen. The clitellate specimen from Tristan da Cunha appears to be quite normal except that the clitellar bands occupy three segments (28-30) instead of the more usual number 2 (29-30). The specimen from the Falkland Islands is peculiar in that it is quite un- 1 Stephenson, J., The Oligochaeta, Oxford, 193 1, p. 908. LUMBRICIDAE 289 pigmented ; it is improbable that this is due to fading, since specimens of Dendrobaena siibrubiciinda in the same collection are normally pigmented. In this specimen the clitellar bands occupy 128-30. As in the specimens of D. subriibicunda from this locality, the gizzard is restricted to segment 17. In the specimen from Tristan da Cunha this is not so ; it is interesting that the same peculiarity should appear in two different species from the Falkland Islands. Genus Lumbricus, L. Lumbricus rubellus, Hoffm., f. tristani, nov. Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31. i. 26; four clitellate, one semi-mature and four immature specimens, the last probably referable to this species (Type and paratypes). In the five specimens in which clitellar bands are developed they include segments 27-3 1 , instead of the normal 28-3 1 . This peculiarity has not apparently been recorded for this species previously, and its occurrence suggests that the specimens from Tristan da Cunha are to be regarded as a distinct race. In the absence of definite evidence that such a variation does not occur occasionally in this species in Europe or elsewhere, it seems undesirable to create a separate subspecies for the specimens from Tristan da Cunha. LUMBRICIDAE InCERTAE SeDIS Tristan da Cunha, under stones near settlements, 31. i. 26; one abnormal clitellate specimen, two very juvenile specimens and several fragments. Abnormal specimen. Length 73 mm. Diameter at anterior end 2 mm., in region of clitellum 3 mm., posteriorly 1-5 mm. Number of segments approximately 124; an accurate count is impossible on account of the poor state of preservation and the subdivision of segments in the clitellar region. Colour, pigmented dark purple-brown dorsally especially at the anterior end, decreasing in intensity and extent posteriorly, slightly pigmented ventrally on about the anterior 12 segments, clitellum pallid whitish brown. Prostomium prolobic. Clitellum on right side including segments 39-47, on left side segments 39-48 ; owing to irregularities of segmentation segment 39 on the left side corresponds to 39 and 40 on the right side, while segment 41 on the right side corres- ponds to segments 40 and 41 on the left side. Clitellar bands on right side 39-^42, on left side 40-46. Copulatory papillae on left side on segments 19 and 25. First dorsal pore 6/7 (?). Spermathecal pores not visible externally; from internal examination the spermathecae open between setal line d and the mid-dorsal line {v. infra). Female pores not visible externally. Male pores on swollen papillae external to seta b, on the right side on segment 19, on the left side on segment 24. Intersetal distances : the setae are widely paired, aa : ab : be : cd : dd = approximately 3 : i : 2 : i : 5 at the anterior end. Internal anatomy. Owing to the poor state of preservation it is impossible to give a detailed account of the internal structure. Gizzard confined to segment 29. Reproductive organs: right side: two spermathecae at intersegments 14/15 and 15/16; two testes and spermiducal funnels, free, in segments 15 and 16; five seminal vesicles. 290 DISCOVERY REPORTS in 14 from septum 14/15, in 15 from 15/16, in 16 from 15/16, in 17 from 16/17 and in 18 from 17/18; the last empty sacs without contents; an ovary and oviduct in segment 18. Left side: three spermathecae at intersegments 15/16, 17/18 and 18/19; testes and spermiducal funnels, free, in 16, 18 and 19; seminal vesicles apparently absent; ovary and oviduct apparently absent. It is impossible to refer this specimen to any familiar species. If the right side alone is considered and the anterior testes and funnels assumed arbitrarily to be in their normal position in segment 10 the gizzard would lie in segment 24 and the clitellum on about segments 34-42. If the gizzard is assumed to be in a normal position in segment 17 the clitellum would be situated on about segments 27-35. Neither of these positions, when taken in conjunction with other characters, fit any known species, and in any case the interval between the anterior testes and the gizzard is exactly twice the normal interval (fourteen segments instead of seven). On account of the dorsal position of the spermathecae and the restriction of the gizzard to one segment, this specimen might at first sight be referred to the genus Eiseniella, especially as E. tetraedra occurs in the same collection. Unfortunately the position of the male pores lateral to setal line h precludes this identification. In specimens of Dendrohaena siibriibicunda from the Falkland Islands, described in the present communication (p. 288), the gizzard was found to be confined frequently to one segment ; unfortunately the dorsal position of the spermathecae make it improbable that the abnormal specimen under consideration is referable to this species ; moreover D. submbicunda has not as yet been recorded from Tristan da Cunha. The dorsal position of the spermathecae suggests that it belongs to the genus Eisenia (since it is not either Eiseniella or, on account of the free testes, Octolasium). Michaelsen^ observes that in some species of Eisenia the gizzard occupies only a part of segment 18 in addition to segment 17. In E. veneta, the only commonly peregrine species of this genus in which the setae are not closely paired, the clitellar bands are in the form of two pairs of tubercles and not a continuous wall as in the present specimen. In any case, on account of the intense pigmentation, this specimen cannot be referred to E. rosea, the only Eisenia recorded from the island, and it is equally certain that it cannot be identified with any of the other lumbricid species so far known to occur on Tristan da Cunha {Lumbriais rubellus, Allolobophora caliginosa and Bimastiis constrict us). The cause of the extreme abnormality of this specimen is quite obscure. Hyper- regeneration of segments has not been recorded in the Lumbricidae which, on the contrary, usually regenerate fewer than the normal number of segments when the anterior end is removed. This phenomenon is, however, known in the allied form Criodrilus. There are no obvious signs of injury in the present specimen and, in the absence of further evidence, the abnormality would seem to be more probably of a developmental nature. It may be compared with the abnormal specimen of Micro- scolex georgianiis described previously (p. 277), in which the prostatic pores are situated very far back and abnormally reduplicated. 1 Michaelsen, W., Ann. Mus. Zoo]. Acad. Imp. Sci. St PStersbourg, xv, 1910, p. 9. [Discovery Reports. Vol. IV, pp. 291-460, Plates VI-XVII, August, 1932] FORAMINIFERA PART I. THE ICE-FREE AREA OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS By EDWARD HERON-ALLEN, F.R.S. AND ARTHUR EARLAND, F R.M.S. CONTENTS Introductory Note page 293 The Falkland Area and its Foraminifera 293 Previous work in the Area 298 Material Examined 302 List of New Genera, Species and Varieties 310 Systematic Account 3^^° Bibliography 443 Index 452 Plates VI-XVI I following page 460 FORAMINIFERA PART I. THE ICE-FREE AREA OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS By Edward Heron-Allen, f.r.s., and Arthur Earland, f.r.m.s. (Plates VI-XVII, text-fig. i) INTRODUCTORY NOTE THE bottom deposits received from the R.R.S. ' Discovery' and the R.R.S. 'William Scoresby ' cover a very wide area. Apart from gatherings made en route, which are too widely scattered to yield much information except as regards new species contained therein, some of which have been already described by us in the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society,^ they include detailed surveys of the sea bottom in ' (i) the seas surrounding the Falkland Islands, (2) the South Georgia area, (3) the South Sandwich, the South Orkneys, the South Shetlands and off the coast of the Antarctic Continent. The Falkland Islands, being entirely outside the region of ice, form a definite area and constitute the subject of the present report. THE FALKLAND AREA AND ITS FORAMINIFERA The Falkland Islands — " Les lies Malouines" of d'Orbigny and the French geo- graphers — are an extensive group consisting of two large and many small islands situated between the 51-53 parallels of S latitude and the 57-61 meridians of W longitude. They stand on the Continental Shelf which here extends for many hundreds of miles from the South American coastline, sweeping out in a broad tongue to include the islands. To the west and north of the group comparatively shallow water extends over an enormous area, but on the south and east of the islands deeper water approaches their shores and separates them from the great Burdwood Bank lying to the south of the islands. This is an outlier of the Continental Shelf and is separated from the mainland and from the Falkland Islands by over 100 miles of deep water. The 500-fathom line envelops both the bank and the islands. The Falkland Islands are in the sub-Antarctic region, lying between the surface isotherms of 6° and 12° C, and are therefore well outside the northernmost extension of pack-ice. Most of the water passing Cape Horn and flowing up to the Falklands is of 1 On the Pegididae, a new Family of Foraminifera, Vol. XLVIII, 1928, pp. 283-99, P^^- i-iii, fig- i- Some new Foraminifera from the South Atlantic, No. i, Vol. XLix, 1929, pp. 102-8, pis. i-iii: No. 2, Vol. XLix, 1929, pp. 324-34. pis- i-iv: No. 3, Vol. L, 1930, pp. 38-45, pi. i. 294 DISCOVERY REPORTS 6-8° C. temperature. It is of Pacific origin, and some of it probably comes down the western coast of South America and, being swept through the Drake Straits with the Pacific water of the West Wind Drift, would naturally turn up by the Falklands as soon as it passes Cape Horn, which, projecting southwards, to some extent dams back the flow of water. The West Wind Drift proper passes well to the south of the Falklands, through the deep channel separating the Falklands from South Georgia, and so into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pacific water, diverted northwards, forms the Falkland Islands Current, encircling the islands. Evidence of the general low temperature of the water for the latitude is afforded by : (i) the types of Foraminifera dominant in the bottom deposits, (2) the absence or paucity of other types usual in such latitude. As an example of (i) we may quote Cassididina crassa, which is universally distributed in our material and frequently forms a major portion of the organic remains. Although of almost world-wide distribution, this species is definitely a "cold area" form, and is found in similar abundance in the cold areas of other oceans. As an example of (2) we may quote the genus Spiroloculina, which is unrepresented in our Falkland material, although one of the commonest shallow- water forms in warm and temperate seas all over the world. In the northern hemisphere, under the influence of the warm Atlantic current (Gulf Stream), the genus is abundantly represented by several species at least as far north as the Shetland Islands, which are in about the same latitude as the Orkney Group in the southern hemisphere. The area covered by the stations is very extensive, as they spread over the sea bottom roughly between 48-54° S and 57-68° W, which is more than the entire area of the North Sea from Texel to the Shetlands, and from the shores of Great Britain to the Continent. Nevertheless, owing to the enormous extension of the Continental Shelf and the uniformly low bottom temperature, there is no great variety in the samples, except as regards the fauna of the stations on the Shelf, and the fauna of the few deeper water stations outside the Continental Shelf, which are under more normal benthic conditions. From the samples it would appear that the thousands of square miles of sea bottom on the Continental Shelf consist of comparatively barren wastes of gravel and sand, usually brown in colour. The larger grains are generally rounded, sometimes highly polished, notably so at stations WS 92, 95, 219, 221, indicating either that they have travelled a great distance, or that they are kept in constant motion by currents and wave action. There is, as a rule, little mud^ present in any of the deposits from the area to the south and the west of the islands, within a line from Eddystone Light to Cape Tres Puntas. Its absence may perhaps be due to the action of the current which passes to the west of the islands, for the percentage of mud increases to the north of the islands and in their lee, as it were, and the sand grains are smaller and more angular. Broken shells, often covered with sessile Foraminifera, form an important percentage of the total bulk at some stations, indicating a variety and abundance of organic life which is elsewhere absent . 1 Samples taken in the conical dredge, which has a canvas bag, probably lose a small proportion of the mud present. THE FALKLAND AREA 295 The number of Foraminifera present in these "Shelf" stations varies enormously, and as the bottom conditions are otherwise very similar, we are inclined to the view that they are influenced very largely by the Falkland Islands current, which no doubt brings with it large food supplies in the shape of diatoms and other micro-plankton. At stations WS 86 and 87 on the Burdwood Bank, and at station WS 88 which is in line with them to the westward, just within the curving southern extremity of the Continent, Foraminifera are abundant and form a large proportion of the bottom deposit. There is a similarly abundant fauna at stations WS 83, 84, 91 , 92, farther north, where the current divides to encircle the islands. But as we get farther away from the entrance point of the current, and especially as we approach the Continental shore, the sand becomes increasingly barren of Foraminifera (stations WS 77, 78, 79, 80, 90, 94, 95, 108) until, at station WS 96, which is near Port Desire, they are practically absent. They reappear in some abundance in the stations to the north of the islands on the edge of the deeper water, near the mud line. There is a monotonous sameness in the foraminiferal fauna over the whole of the Shelf area, and on a casual inspection it appears to be almost identical at the majority of stations and to consist of a few species only : CassidiiJina crossa Truncatulina lobatida CassiduJina subglohosa Truncatidma refulgem Cassididina parkeriana Truncatulina akneriana Ehrenbergina pupa Tnincatidina ungeriana Uvigerina angulosa Anomalina vermiculata Globigerina — several species Pulvinulina karsteni Pidlenia subcarinata These few species as a rule, in one combination or another, form the bulk of the material with either Cassidulina crassa or Uvigerina angulosa, or the two together, assuming a dominant position, even among what appears to be a very limited fauna. At some of the stations, Cassididina crassa was estimated to form 90-95 per cent of the cleaned material, at others Uvigerina angulosa probably formed an equally high propor- tion. The occurrence of a species in such overwhelming numbers might be expected to produce many abnormalities, and it is therefore worthy of mention that abnormal specimens are extremely rare. It is only after the examination of a quantity of material that it becomes apparent that a really varied list of species is present at some of these stations, masked by the dominant forms. Station WS 83 may be quoted as an instance. The material was to all superficial appearances very unpromising, as Cassidulinae formed at least 90 per cent of the mass. But the remaining 10 per cent, proved to be extraordinarily rich and yielded some 200 species. The list could doubtless have been extended if time and more material had been available. In a few instances, a species which usually occupies a subordinate position becomes almost dominant. As an example we may take Spiroplectammina biformis, a species of very wide distribution in many seas, though never common. It occurs at eleven stations, 296 DISCOVERY REPORTS often in considerable numbers, but always as an inconspicuous item in the fauna. But at station WS 76, where the fauna, though varied, was not rich, it appears as a dominant form. It does not occur at all at the nearest adjacent stations 51 and WS 73 which are in shallower water, and presumably the somewhat greater depth favoured its unusual development. But at present we know very little of the causes favouring the abnormal increase of a species in one locality as compared with another to all appearances identical. Apart from the interest raised by the enormous development of these dominant forms, the Falkland fauna is itself full of interest. It includes many species of world-wide distribution as a matter of course, and many other species known from similar cold temperate waters in the northern hemisphere. As the Falkland Islands lie in approxi- mately the same latitude as southern England it is not surprising that many typical British species figure in our lists. But it is rather a matter for wonder that some of the rarer British species (e.g. Lagena millettii, Lingidina quadrata, L. tramliicida) and others which we have known from British waters for many years but had not yet had an opportunity of describing (e.g. Liugulina falcota, Potellinoides conica, P. depressa) should also be found in such a distant locality. Considering their extreme rarity in each of these widely separated areas, it remains an insoluble problem how these species achieved their distribution across the deep water of the Atlantic, for their migration by the shore line would almost certainly be prevented by differences of temperature. Yet in spite of general resemblances to the British fauna, there are certain species found in both areas which present differences in the Falklands suggesting a distinct local race, the variations seldom being sufficient in our opinion to justify varietal, much less specific distinction. Lagena zvilliamsom (Alcock) is one of the commonest British Lagenae. The type is a pyriform costate shell with 12-18 costae and hexagonal ornament on a collar round the neck. The Falkland form described under the name L. vilarde- boana (d'Orbigny) is almost equally common in our area where we recorded it from eighteen stations. The costae are much more numerous but are weakly developed, and the hexagonal ornament is reduced to a series of pin-pricks on the collar. Discorbis iiitida (Williamson), again, is a typical and fairly common British species. The Falkland Islands specimens are more concave on the ventral side, with an increased convexity of the dorsal side, generally more robust and less '' nitida'' than the type. But in neither case should we have any hesitation in assigning the two races to the same species, and the differences are no doubt due to long isolation under somewhat varied conditions. Many similar cases could be quoted. The Falklands possess several species which are either wholly or almost wholly pe- culiar to the area. Notable among these is Ehrenbergina {CassidHlina)pupa, first described by d'Orbigny in 1839 from these islands. He states that it is much rarer than Cassididim crassa, but we record it from twenty-eight stations, and at some of them it is almost as common as that species. Outside the Falkland Islands it may be said to be almost unknown. The only records which can be accepted, even with suspicion, are from the west coast of Patagonia and from Rio de la Plata. Nor is it replaced in abundance THE FALKLAND AREA 297 elsewhere by any other species of the genus. Its dominance in the Falklands is one more of those mysterious problems of distribution which need solution. Elphidiiim {Polystomella) lessonii (d'Orbigny), which is a handsome species often com- mon in the Falkland material, appears to be almost (if not wholly) confined to the area. The species Herouallenia (Discorbis) kempii, which is one of the largest and certainly the handsomest species in the genus, appears to be confined to the Falklands, where it is found only in the southern area between the Burdwood Bank and a line running from the Magellan Straits round the southern shores of the islands. Its nearest relatives are almost wholly of Pacific habitat, and it appears unquestionable that this species is an immigrant of comparatively recent Pacific origin which has not yet had time to spread over the more distant parts of the Falkland area. There are several other species which can be assumed to have migrated from the Pacific to the Falkland area, but in most cases there can be no definite proof owing to the paucity of records. We list several species which d'Orbigny recorded from the west coast of South America but not from the Falklands. But it would be very dangerous to regard these as immigrants on such evidence alone, in view of the notorious tendency of d'Orbigny to overlook, or disregard, species with which it is certain that he was familiar. The mere fact that he did not identify and name the dominant Uvigerhia angulosa, one of the two commonest and most widely distributed of the Falkland species, is sufficient to prevent his records from being taken too seriously as evidence of extension of locality. The species in regard to which there is the best and most definite evidence of extension of habitat is Rotalia clathrata, Brady. This is a common and typical species in Australian waters and is also found in the Miocene of Victoria. Between that area and the west coast of Patagonia, where it was found among the islands by the Challenger Expedition, there are no records of its occurrence. Now we record it from the Falklands at thirteen stations, nearly all of which are south of a line running from Magellan Straits round the southern shore of the islands. The finest examples, which are quite equal to the New Zealand types, came from the three stations WS 86, 87, 88, which lie stretched across the southern entrance to the Falkland area, between the extremity of the Continent and the Burdwood Bank, while at WS 89, 90, further north and nearer the Magellan Straits, the specimens are small and starved. The west of Patagonia specimens are stated by Brady to be smaller and weaker than the New Zealand type. It seems certain in this case that the species has reached the Falklands via the Horn and not by way of the Magellan Straits and that it is diminishing in size as it passes northwards into less favourable surroundings. If it had travelled via the Straits, its distribution would presumably have extended to the north of them as well as to the south. There is of course an alternative possibility that the New Zealand, Patagonian and Falkland colonies are separate survivals from a Miocene sea in which the species occurred universally between these areas. But we have no geological information bearing on such a speculation beyond the fact that numerous fossil Foraminifera were found in the bottom deposits at several stations, particularly at station WS 87 on the Burdwood Bank, where they were found in such numbers as to suggest a submarine outcrop of some fossiliferous 298 DISCOVERY REPORTS Strata in that locality. We have not attempted their identification, in fact it would be difficult to do so as many of the specimens are casts, and others so distorted by pressure and slipping as to be almost unrecognizable. In these features they bear a striking resemblance to the Foraminifera from some of the Naparima beds of Trinidad. The presence of Rsehakina epigona (Rzehak) among the Burdwood Bank specimens almost certainly indicates that these fossils are of Upper Cretaceous age, or Lowest Eocene at the latest. The specimens (with others) have been submitted to Dr W. A. Macfadyen who will report upon their geological significance in a later Part. PREVIOUS WORK IN THE AREA The Falkland Islands have a particular interest for students of the Foraminifera, inasmuch as they supplied material for one of the earliest regional surveys in the litera- ture of the Order. D'Orbigny in his celebrated voyage to South America (1826-34) collected material in the Falkland Islands, and at many localities round the South American coast from St Bias on the Patagonian coast {c. 40° 60' S) to Payta on the Peruvian coast [c. 4° 07' S). We do not know much about the nature or extent of the material examined. D'Orbigny himself collected shore sands; he also obtained local gatherings from merchant captains, which may have been either shore sands or anchor muds. We know, from indications in his Tableau Methodiqiie des Cephalopodes (1826), that he derived many of his species from ballast sand {sable de delestage) obtained from ships, and we can only express the pious hope that such sands were not included in his South American material. Very few details as to depth are given. He records with pride the taking of a sounding "fait a de {sic) grandes profondeurs" in sight of land off Cape Horn. This sounding was taken at a depth of 160 m. only, with a deep-sea lead, and it is stated that forty specimens of Foraminifera belonging to five species were removed from the tallow of the arming. Elsewhere he records making a gathering in 12-20 m. depth, and with the exception of the Cape Horn sounding, which was evidently regarded as a great feat, this probably represents the limit of depth of his material, a factor of some importance in connection with any survey of his work. After his return to France, d'Orbigny published his discoveries, including the celebrated monograph on the Foraminifera of South America (1839), a work of out- standing importance and deserving of study apart from its taxonomical value. Eighty- one species are described and mostly figured in this work, seventy-eight of which he regarded as new to science. Thirty-eight of the species were from the Falkland Islands, and fourteen from the adjacent coasts of Patagonia and Cape Horn, the remainder being from the Pacific coast. He naively remarks that his total of eighty-one species "sera sans doute augmente lorsqu'on voudra soigneusement rechercher sur tout le littoral des deux oceans," and after nearly a hundred years we are in the position to confirm his forecast by presenting a list of some 435 species from the Falkland area alone. At great length d'Orbigny gives his views that the east and west coasts of South America constitute distinct faunal areas, and that with the exception of a few species, which, being of world-wide distribution, did not count, all the Foraminifera on the PREVIOUS WORK IN THE AREA 299 Atlantic side are specifically distinct from those found on the Pacific coast. The cele- brated sounding off Cape Horn forms an important link in the chain of his argument. Among the five species recovered from the tallow, he found four peculiar to the Falk- lands, and only one species, BiiUmiiia elegantissima, proper to the Pacific. So he records his belief that " Le Cap Horn, recevant les eaux qui se divisent en suite pour aller dans chaque mer, devait etre le point de depart des deux faunes dont nous venons de parler, et montrer des especes appartenant aux deux series". D'Orbigny's theory has stood the test of time better than most of the evidence on which it was based. Many of the crucial species, which he regarded as peculiar to one or the other area, have since been proved to have a much wider distribution. But the fact remains, and is even more fully confirmed by our own investigations, that the Falkland area is faunistically distinct from the Pacific coast, and that, although it possesses species of Pacific ancestry, these appear to have been derived from more distant parts of the Pacific than the immediately adjacent coast of South America — " round the corner", so to speak. Many of d'Orbigny's species have no great specific value. They are, at best, the local forms of other well-known and older species. But we have, in this report, for the most part accepted them for reasons of history and sentiment, while pointing out their affinities to better known forms. An attempt was made to verify the determination of our specimens of the d'Orbigny species recorded in this report, by comparing them with his original Type specimens. With this object in view, one of us (E. H.-A.) spent a considerable time in Paris, where, by the courtesy of Prof. Marcellin Boule, he examined and compared such Types as are available in the Laboratoire de Paleontologie attached to the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle. Unfortunately, during the century which has elapsed since d'Orbigny deposited his Types in the Museum, vicissitudes which have considerably obscured the enquiry have occurred, not the least of which was the flooding of the whole of the lower floors of the Museum in the great rising of the Seine in the year 1910. It is impossible, after this lapse of time, to say in what condition and in what form d'Orbigny left his specimens, and those preserved in the Musee Fleuriau de Bellevue at La Rochelle, which Heron- Allen also examined, do not throw light on the subject, so far as the Amerique Meridionale specimens are concerned. D'Orbigny, so far as we know, from observations at La Rochelle, mounted his specimens on oblong slips of brown paper, or enclosed them, when numerous, in small glass-topped boxes.^ The Paris "Types " consist of selected specimens attached with copious gum-arabic (which is very hygroscopic) to slips of glass measuring 5^x1 cm. Under this glass slip a piece of blue paper is inserted, which throws up the specimen, and the whole is en- closed in a small glass tube, which in turn is fastened with a heavy smear of cement to a board 8 cm. long, but of varying breadth, which board bears in manuscript the name and sometimes the locality of the enclosed specimens. This mounting and arrangement was, 1 Heron-Allen, E. Alcide d'Orbigny, his Life and Work. Joum. Roy. Micro. Soc, Presidential Address, 1917, pp. 1-105, pis. i-xiii, and pp. 433, 434. 300 DISCOVERY REPORTS we are informed, carried out about forty years ago by a retired naval officer, attached to the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, and it is evident that he had some knowledge, however slight, of Foraminifera. The writing on the boards, however, is in different hands, indi- cating that various curators or workers, at various times, have overhauled the collections. It is known also that both Terquem and Schlumberger had unrestrained access to the collections and material deposited in the Museum by d'Orbigny. The cement used to fasten the tubes is perishable — often indeed perished — and is very friable, with the result that scores of the tubes are at present lying separated from scores of boards to which they may, or may not, have been originally fastened. There is some evidence that unknown individuals have attempted, and not always with success, to match tubes against boards, guided apparently only by a comparison of the specimens with the plates to be found in d'Orbigny 's various monographs. Moreover, in many cases, even where the specimens are the original Types, they have perished by degenera- tion of the glass, decomposition of the calcareous shell by fungoid outgrowths, or by the alternate expansion and contraction of the hygroscopic gum above referred to. Such Types as these are absolutely useless for purposes of comparison, and reliance will have to rest upon identification with d'Orbigny's figures. By courtesy of Prof. Marcellin Boule, we have been privileged to examine, jointly, a considerable selection of such Types as are still recognizable as Foraminifera, at greater leisure in the Natural History Museum in London, and the results of this closer examina- tion will appear in the notes appended to the individual species. We were also entrusted with eleven small bottles containing what is left of d'Orbigny's material, in which it has been satisfactory to find a considerable number of Topo-types, but we were warned that they had been already a good deal overhauled by Terquem and Schlumberger, and our examination of these arouses the suspicion that the contents of some of the bottles have become mixed, and contaminated with that of others. Out of the eighty-one Types recorded in d'Orbigny's monograph, thirty-one are missing (as such). Of the fifty remaining Types, many are entirely destroyed by the agencies already mentioned. Since d'Orbigny, very little work has been published on the Foraminifera of the Falkland Area. H.M.S. 'Challenger', on the homeward voyage, ran a line of stations Nos .313-17 from Magellan Straits through the islands which may be briefly summarized : St. 313. Jan. 20, 1876. 52° 20' S, 67° 39' W. 55 fms. Coarse sand. This is very close to the position of our station WS 90. Brady (1884, FC, p. 106) writes : "Very muddy sand nearly barren of Foraminifera, contains only a few Miliolinae, Truncatidmae, Discor- biiiae and other shallow-water forms in starved condition". In the "Summary", p. 1172, there is a list of thirteen species of Foraminifera found at this station. They are all on our list for WS 90 except Biloculina ringejis which was probably B. globulus as recorded by us. St. 314. Jan. 21, 1876. 51° 35' S, 65° 39' W. 70 fms. Coarse sand. Not far from our station WS 92. No records of the Foraminifera appear either in the " Summary " or in Brady. St. 314 A. Jan. 22, 1876. 51° 24' S, 61° 46' W. 1 10 fms. Hard ground. No material. PREVIOUS WORK IN THE AREA 301 St. 315, 315 A, 316. Stanley Harbour. 6 fms. Blue mud. Brady (1884, FC, p. 106) records "starved varieties oiRotalia, Polystomella, Lagena and Bulimina. The only species of any particular interest were Patellina corrugata and Bulimina elegantissitna ". In the " Summary", p. 1180, there is a list of twenty species, all of which figure in our report. St. 317. Feb. 8, 1876. 48° 37' S, 55° 17' W. 1035 fms. Sandy gravel. This is in the deep water outside our area. Brady (1884, FC, p. 106) records that the " Foramini- fera were mostly North Atlantic or sub-Arctic cold-water types, but with very few arenaceous species". The German expedition in the ' Gazelle ' had a station 148 in 47° 01' 30" S, 63° 30' W, 115 m. Egger in his report on the Foraminifera (E. 1893, FC, p. 22) gives brief details of the occurrence of Cassididina subglobosa, C. parkeriano, Uvigerino pygmaea and Pidvinulina elegans on a bottom of grey-green sand with shells. This is on the Conti- nental Shelf to the north of our area. The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition of 1903-4 made two stations in the Falkland area. Pearcey gives brief details in his report on the Foraminifera (Pearcey, 1914, SNA, pp. 1031, 1034). St. 118. Stanley Harbour. 2 J fms. Brown mud with greenish tint. Chief Foraminifera : Bulimina elegantissima, Pulvinulina (Rotalia) karsteni and Polystomella striato- punctata. Proteonina difflugiformis, Trochammina nitida and T. nana represent the arenaceous forms. St. 346. 54° 25' S, 57° 32' W. On the Burdwood Bank. 56 fms. (This is near WS 82, a station from which we had no material.) Calcareous, shelly and foramini- ferous sand. No fewer than eighty species of twenty-five genera of Foraminifera were obtained. With few exceptions, all of the typical Antarctic, shallow-water character, but arenaceous types are con- spicuous by their absence, being represented by Trochammina nitida only. A number of species including three new species are listed. Heronalletna (Discorbis) kempii was found at this station (see No. T,^/^post). Since this Report went to press we have received a short paper by Dr J. A. Cush- man and Frances L. Parker entitled " Recent Foraminifera from the Atlantic Coast of South America" {Proc. U.S. Nat. Mas. No. 2903, 1931, pp. 1-24, pis. i-iv). It deals with material collected in shallow water (maximum 15 fathoms) in two very different areas, three of the stations being sub-tropical, in Rio de Janeiro Harbour, the other eight stations being sub-Antarctic, six of them lying among the Falkland Islands, and the other two off the Argentine Coast, in the neighbourhood of our stations WS 95, and WS 221. The thirty-two species and varieties recorded by the authors from their sub-Antarctic area are mostly cosmopolitan, and very few of the characteristic Falklands species figure in their list. Twenty-six of them are dealt with in our Report under the same names (Nos. 29, 46, 61, 90, 100, 102, 105, no a, 135, 160, 163, 170, 182, 187, 191, 200, 252, 326, 340, 358, 390, 395, 417, 418, 420, 422). Three others we regard as synonymous with species recorded by us. Quinqueloculina isabellei, d'Orbigny, sub M. seminulum (Linne), (No. 12). Lagena iota, Cushman, sub L. annectens, B. and H. (No. 215). Bolivina plicatella, Cushman = B. pseudo-plicata, H.-A. and E. (No. 151J. 302 DISCOVERY REPORTS (An interesting question of priority arises between the two species of Bolivina, both having been pubHshed in 1930. Up to the time of going to press, we have not been able to ascertain the date of pubhcation of B. plicatella.) Three species remain which do not figure in our Report : Virgulina, ? sp. Elphidiiim atistralis, sp.n. Elphidhim alvarezianiim , var. nov. serratulum. The authors record two other species without distinction of locaUty. Both of them occur in the Falklands area and figure in our Report : Bitlimina patagonica, d'Orbigny (No. 130). Elphidium incertutn (Williamson) (No. 415). A characteristic Falklands species, Lagetia caiidata (d'Orbigny) (No. 184) is recorded from the BraziHan area only, but the figure does not agree with d'Orbigny's Type. MATERIAL EXAMINED The material examined by us consisted of bottom samples from Sounding Machine or Dredge and Trawl " Residues". The material was, with few exceptions, received in spirit, and in an admirable state of preservation. The supply was 'usually sufficient (except in the case of soundings) for an exhaustive study of each station, but in a few instances was hardly enough to elucidate new species. In addition we received many selected specimens of large species, notably Protobotellina, which by their size had attracted the attention of the zoologists on board the ships. A list of the stations worked over is as follows : STATIONS MADE BY THE R.R.S. 'DISCOVERY' 48. TS 494.1 CIII.2 3. V. 26. 8-3 miles N 53° E of William Point Beacon, Falkland Islands. Trawl, 105-115 m. A few cc. of clean shell sand yielded a long list of species, including Tiibinella {Articulina) funalis, Lagena danica and Rotalia clatlirata. 51. TS495. cm. 4. V. 26. Off Eddystone Rock, Falkland Islands, East. Nets on trawl, 105-115 m. A few fragments of Hydroids were covered with sessile specimens of Discorbis globiilaris and D. rosacea, TnincaUdhia lobatula and T. variabilis. Some sand and organic debris (principally sponge) yielded a long list of the common Falkland species. 53. TSS19. cm. 12. V. 26. Port Stanley, East Falkland Islands. Mussel rake, 0-2 m. A quantity of organic debris derived from washings of Hydroids and Mytilus clumps. Very little sand received, but it contained many Foraminifera. Miliolina circiilaris, M. subrotunda, Tubifiella funalis, Trochammina sqtiamala and Cassidulina laevigata were all very common. Cassidulina crassa was absent, and Uvigerina angidosa very rare. Over thirty species were obtained from the small quantity of material received. 1 These numbers refer to the station slides in the Heron-Allen and Earland collection in the Natural History Museum. 2 These numbers afford reference to the positions of the stations as shown in Fig. i, p. 303. MATERIAL EXAMINED 303 228. TS515. BIV. 2. V. 27. 53° 33' 00" S, 61° 49' 30" W. Baillie sounding rod, 660 m. Ten cc. of tenacious dark grey mud, washed on 200 mesh silk, yielding about 1-5 cc. residue, largely Diatoms and Radiolaria. Quite a long list of species, many represented by single specimens. ' Ckilostomella oolina, Uvigeriiia angulosa, and Nonionella amis figure among the rarer forms. 70° 60° 50° 70° 60° 50° Fig. I. Chart of the Falkland Islands and adjacent seas, showing positions where Foraminifera were obtained. 230. TS511. BIV. 5. V. 27. 53° 17' 00" S, 60° 25' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 675 m. Fifteen cc. of tenacious grey mud which was reduced to less than 0-5 cc. when washed on 200 mesh silk. The residue consisted of a few large sand grains, a few pyritic casts, and Foraminifera, mostly broken shells, Glohigerinae and Uvigerinae being dominant. A good many species were recorded, many represented by a single specimen. Among the rarer forms were Anomalina iimbili- catiila, sp.n., and Virgulina schreibersiana, var. spinosa, var.n. 235. TS 498. C III. 29. V. 27. 50° 45' 00" S, 56° 18' 30" W. Baillie sounding rod, 600 m. About 9 cc. of grey mud, reduced to 2 cc. by washing on 200 mesh silk sieve, yielded quite a number of interesting species, including Lagena qiiadralata, spinous specimens of Nodosaria laevi- gata and A^. rotundata, and Uvigerina angulosa var. pauperata, var.n. 304 DISCOVERY REPORTS 236. TS499. cm. 29. V. 27. 50° 35' 30" S, 55° 59' 15" W. Baillie sounding rod, 612 m. About 12 cc. of dark grey mud reduced to 3 cc. by washing on 200 mesh silk sieve. The residue consisted of Globigerinae with glauconite and sub-angular sand grains. Varied and abundant Foraminifera, including Ehrenbergina hystrix var. glabra and VirgiiUna schreibersiana var. spinosa, var.n. 388. TS5i7E(i,2). A V. 16. iv. 30. 56° 19' 30" S, 67° 09' 45" W. Dredge, 121 m. Polyzoan and Molluscan shell sand with large rounded pebbles and angular sand grains. Gypsina itihaerens encrusting the pebbles, but no other sessile species seen. Quite 33 per cent of the finer material was made up of one species, Cassidiilina crassa. The finest material contained an abundant and varied fauna, including many of the new and rarer species found elsewhere in the Falkland area. This station is probably very near the spot on which d'Orbigny made his famous deep sounding within sight of Cape Horn (see ante p. 298). STATIONS MADE BY THE R.R.S. 'WILLIAM SCORESBY' WS71. TS518. cm. 23. ii. 27. 6 miles N 60° E of Pembroke Light, East Falkland Islands. Trawl, 82-80 m. About 12 cc. of coarse debris mixed with shell sand and rounded quartz grains. Foraminifera did not form a high percentage of the material, but were varied and in good preservation. Cassidulhia crassa, C. siibglohosa, TrimcatuUna lobatula and T. akneriana were the dominant forms. There was a long list of the commoner Falkland species with a few outstanding forms. WS72. TS497. cm. 5. iii. 27. 51° 07' 00" S, 57° 34' 00" W. Snapper lead, 95 m. A few grains of shell and mineral sand, and two worm tubes, yielded nine of the commoner species, mostly represented by single specimens. WS 73. TS 496. C III. 6. iii. 27. 51° 01' 00" S, 58° 54' 00" W. Snapper lead, 121 m. A small quantity of grey sand with many glauconite grains. Uvigerina angulosa was extremely common, other species (about twenty in all) mostly rare or very rare. WS76. TS482. Bill. 11. iii. 27. 51° 00' 00" S, 62° 02' 30" W. Dredge, 207 m. Fine muddy sand, dark olive-green in colour, with very little coarser material. Foraminifera very few in numbers except Cassidulina crassa and Uvigerina angulosa. Spiroplectammina biformis was also common. Some interesting species were recorded, including Bulimitia ovula and Lagena hispida. wsn. TS478A/B. A III. 12. iii. 27. 51° 01' 00" S, 66° 31' 30" W. Dredge, iiom. Dark brown sand with little mud. Foraminifera very scarce and generally pauperate. WS78. No TS (station slide). A III. 13. iii. 27. 51° 01' 30" S, 64° 04' 30" W. Dredge, 95 m. Fine dark sand with little mud and practically devoid of organic remains. A few fragments of worm tubes were seen, and the following Foraminifera only were obtained from the cleaned material : Psammosphaera fusca, two coarsely built specimens ; Cassidulina crassa, one small speci- men; Lagena squamosa, one specimen. WS79. TS479. A III. 13. iii. 27. 51° 01' 30" S, 64° 59' 30" W. Dredge, 132 m. Dark sand with little mud and very few organic remains of any kind. Foraminifera very rare. MATERIAL EXAMINED 305 WS80. TS481. Bill. 14. iii. 27. 50° 57' 00" S, 63" 37' 30" W. Dredge, 152 m. Coarse dark sand with little mud and scanty organisms. Foraminifera scarce, except Cassidtdina crassa and Uvigemia aiigidosa, both of which were abundant. A few selected specimens of Proto- botellina cylindrica and a specimen of Hyperammina friabilis obtained from trawl residues at this station were also received. WS 83. TS 507 A/B. B IV. 24. iii. 27. Fourteen miles S 64° W of George Island, East Falkland Islands. Dredge, 137 m. Shell sand with rounded and highly polished sand grains. Very few Foraminifera in the coarser grades, but the finer grades consist very largely of Cassidulinae which formed an estimated 90 per cent, of the material, the species attaining a large size. Other Foraminifera present in great variety but smaller numbers, the genus Lagena being particularly varied. Among the rarer forms listed were Cristellaria angulata, Lingiilina translucida, nom.nov., L.falcata and Chilostomella oolina. WS84. TS521. CIV. 24. iii. 27. 7J- miles S 9° W of Sea Lion Island, East Falkland Islands. Dredge, 75 m. A large quantity of dried sand, about equal proportions of calcareous and siliceous particles. Foraminifera were not prominent in the material except Cassididiua crassa and C. subglobosa. A long list of the ordinary Falkland species, with few forms of special interest. WS86. TS517. BIV. 3.iv. 27. 53° 53' 30" S, 60° 34' 30" W. Dredge, 151m. Coarse shell sand with plentiful Foraminifera in the finer material. Cassidulina crassa, Ehren- bergina pupa and Uvigerina angulosa the dominant types. Many Lagenidae and MilioUdae. WS87. TS524. Fossils, TS 525. C V. 3.iv. 27. 54° 07' 30" S, 58° 16' 00" W. Dredge, 96 m. Dark sand with stones and shells. The material yielded a long list of species, Cassidtdina crassa and Uvigerina angulosa as usual very abundant. Among the notable records were Heronalleina {Discorbis) kempii and Discorbis plana, sp.n., Cornuspira denticulata and Spirillina tuberculata. A great many species of fossil Foraminifera, perhaps derived from a submarine outcrop, were observed at this station. WS88. TS 512, 513,514. A IV. 6. iv. 27. 54° 00' 00" S, 64° 57' 30" W. Dredge, 118 m. Coarse sand, about equal proportions of Polyzoa and shell debris, and brown angular mineral sand with very little mud. The coarser material was encrusted with Gypsina inhaercns. Foraminifera abundant and varied. Cassidulina crassa very common and very large. Anomalina vermiculata common in all stages of growth. This was one of the richest gatherings received and yielded a very long list, including several new species and many rarities, especially among the Lagenidae. WS 89. TS 508. A IV. 7. iv. 27. 9 miles N 21° E of Arenas Point Light, Tierra del Fuego. Dredge, 23 m. Gravel with blue mud. Foraminifera fairly numerous and varied. Many species of Lagena, including L. laureata, sp.n., and L. digitale, sp.n. WS 90. TS 504. A IV. 7. iv. 27. 13 miles N 83° E of Cape Virgins Light, Argentina. Dredge, 82 m. Dark brown sand with some greenish mud. Little coarse material and few sessile forms. The finer material yielded a long list of species, but the specimens as a whole were small and starved. Cassidulina crassa very common, but none of the large individuals so typical of most Falkland dredgings. Among the rarer forms were Lagena danica, L. digitale, sp.n., Nodosaria lepidida and Cristellaria tenuissitna, sp.n. 3o6 DISCOVERY REPORTS WS91. TS509. BIV. 8. iv. 27. 52° 53' 45" S, 64° 37' 30" W. Dredge, 191 m. Dark sand with many shell fragments but little mud. Foraminifera fairly abundant, Cassi- dulina crassa being dominant, with Uvigerina atigulosa almost equally numerous. A long list of species was recorded but few of particular interest, among them, however, being a specimen of Nonionclla chiliemis. WS92. TS502. A III. 8. iv. 27. 51° 58' 30" 8,65° 01' 00" W. Dredge, 145 m. Gravel and sand with little mud. The sand grains rounded and polished, with the result that sessile forms were very rare. Foraminifera abundant and varied, but poorly developed as regards size. Cassidulina crassa, C. parkeriana, Uvigerina aiigulosa, Globigerina bidloides, Truncatulina lobatula, T. variabilis and T. ungeriana, all very common and forming a large proportion of the material. Among the more interesting species were Heronallenia (Discorbis) kempii, Discorbis Iricamerata, sp.n., and D. chasteri, Patellinoides conica, gen. et sp.n., and many species of Lagena. WS93. TS503. Bill. 9. iv. 27. 7 miles S 80° W of Beaver Island, West Falkland Islands. Dredge, 133 m. Shell sand with little mud. Very few Foraminifera in the coarser material, but the finer siftings contained an abundant fauna. Two or three species of Cassidulina, Ehrenbergina pupa and Uvi- gerina angidosa formed probably 95 per cent of the material. Miliolids were very infrequent though many species were recorded. Lagena abundant and varied. This was one of the richest gatherings examined and yielded over 100 species including many rare and new forms, Lingulina falcata, sp.n., L. quadrata, L. vitrea, sp.n., etc. WS 94. No TS (station slide). A III. 16. iv. 27. 50° 00' 15" S, 64° 57' 45" W. Dredge, no m. Brown sand with hardly any mud or coarse material, and practically devoid of organic remains. Nothing found except Miliolina circularis i, Tholosina bulla i, Psammosphaera fusca 2, Truncatulina sp. (worn) 2. WS95. TS487. All. 17. iv. 27. 48° 58' 15" S, 64° 45' 00" W. Dredge, 109 m. Gravel and sand, with shell fragments but little mud. Foraminifera very scanty, the only species occurring in any number being various species of Truncatulina and Pulvinulina karsteni. Nothing of particular interest. WS 96. No TS (station slide). A II. 17. iv. 27. 48° 00' 45" S, 64° 58' 00" W. Dredge, 96 m. Coarse dark brown sand, without mud and devoid of organic remains. The only species ob- served was Pulvinulina karsteni, two specimens. WS97. TS489. BII. 18. iv. 27. 49° 00' 30" S, 61° 58' 00" W. Residues from trawl, 146. Muddy brown sand with pebbles, many covered with sessile species. Foraminifera abundant .and varied. Cassidulina spp. dominant. Among the interesting novelties at this station were Cassidulina crassa var. porrecta, var.n., and Cristellaria tenuissima, sp.n. WS98. TS485. BII. 18. iv. 27. 49° 54' 15" S, 60° 35' 30" W. Dredge, 173 m. Dark olive-green sandy mud with abundant Foraminifera, Uvigerina spp. and Cassidulina spp. dominant, but not many other species and none of particular interest. WS99. TS501. CII. 19. iv. 27. 49° 42' 00" S, 59° 14' 30" W. Dredge, 251 m. Dark green tenacious mud, which, when washed on 200 mesh silk, left a residue of very fine angular grey sand with hardly any coarse particles. Foraminifera formed a very small proportion of MATERIAL EXAMINED 307 the residue and were principally dead shells. Among the more notable forms were Bulmina ovula, Cydammina cancellata, Pulvinulina uinbunata and Anomalina iimbilicatula, sp.n. Many species of Lagena. WS108. TS488. BII. 25. iv. 27. 48° 30' 45" S, 63° 33' 45" W. Dredge, 1 18 m. Fine brown sand without mud, and practically devoid of organisms. Careful elutriation yielded twenty-four species of Foraminifera mostly represented by a few specimens only, none being of particular interest. WS109. TS500. cm. 26. iv. 27. 50° 18' 48" S, 58° 28' 30" W. Dredge, 145 m. Dark grey sand with little mud, and scanty organic remains. Uvigerina angulosa dominant, with Cassididina crassa, suhghhosa and parkcriana present in almost equal abundance. Haplo- phragmoidcs crassimargo and llyperamwina friabilis were common. Most other species sparingly represented, though the list was fairly long. WS210. TS 484. Bill. 29. V. 28. 50° 17' 00" S, 60" 06' 00" W. Dredge, i6i m. Fine olive-green muddy sand with abundant Foraminifera, Uvigerina angulosa dominant, all other species except Cassidulina crassa, Truncatidina lobatida and Pulvinulina karste?ii scantily represented. Some fragmentary hydroids encrusted with Triincatulina and three selected specimens of Miliolina procera were also received from nets on trawl. WS213. TS486. BII. 30. V. 28. 49° 22' 00" S, 60° 10' 00" W. Nets on trawl, 249-239 m. A small quantity of organic debris and sand yielded a few interesting species including Tholosina protea, sp.n., T. vesicularis and var. erecta. A few specimens of Prolobotellina cylindrica were also received which had been selected from residues on the ship. WS215. TS491. BI. 31. V. 28. 47° 37' 00" S, 60° 5c' 00" W. Dredge, 219 m. Fine sand, dark in colour and muddy. Foraminifera rather scanty, Uvigerina dominant. Among the species of interest were Cydammina cancellata and Nodosaria pauperata, both megalo- spheric and microspheric, and Vaginulina spinigera. WS217. TS493. BI. I. vi. 28. 46° 28' 00" S, 60° 18' 00" W. Dredge, 146 m. Dark olive-green muddy sand with very little coarse material. Foraminifera plentiful but pauperate. Cassidulina spp. and Uvigerina spp. as usual dominant. Many species of Lagena occurred at this station. WS219. TS492. BI. 3.vi.28. 47° 06' 00" S, 62° 12' 00" W. Dredge, 115 m. Dark brown muddy sand with few organisms of any kind. The Foraminifera mostly dead and worn shells. Fragments of Jaculella obtusa were abundant, as also were Cassidulina crassa and Truncatulina bradyana. The few other species were of very rare occurrence. WS221. TS490. A I. 4. vi. 28. 47° 23' 00" S, 65° 10' 00" W. Dredge, 76 m. Muddy gravel with shells. Many sessile species on the larger fragments, including Dendrophrya erecta, Dendronina papillata, Nubecularia lucifuga and Tholosina vesicularis var. erecta. The finer material yielded a long list of interesting species, including Webbinella hemisphaerica, Nodosaria pellita and Nonionella iridea, sp.n. 3o8 DISCOVERY REPORTS WS225. TS483A/B. Bin. 9. vi. 28. 50° 20' 00" S, 62° 30' 00" W. Dredge, 162 m. Dark olive-green muddy sand with stones which were encrusted with sessile species, Placupsilina ccnomana being dominant. Foraminifera not very numerous in the finer material except Cassidulina crassa, E/ire?ibergina pupa, Uvigerina angulosa and Truncatulina lobatula, all abundant. A small quantity of organic debris and sand, from nets on trawl, yielded the same species with some additions, including BilocuUna globulus, Ammolagcna davata and Cornuspiia denticulata, sp.n. WS229. No TS (station slide). MIL I. vii. 28. 50° 35' 00" S, 57° 20' 00" W. Nets on trawl, 210-271 m. Some selected specimens of Protobotellina cylindrica and one specimen of Hyperammina friabilis were received from this station. No other material. WS242. No TS (station sHde). MIL 17. vii. 28. 51° 06' 00" S, 66° 30' 00" W. Dredge, 119 m. Dark brown sand. Among the coarser material a few pebbles yielded sessile species, including Tholosiiia vesicularis var. erecta. The finer material was pure sand. WS243. TS480A/B. A III. 17. vii. 28. 51° 06' 00" S, 64° 30' 00" W. 144 m. Residues from trawl and nets attached to trawl. Organic debris of many kinds chiefly Polyzoan and sponge, often covered with sessile Foraminifera. Tholosinaprotea, sp.n., was common on Hydroids ; Psammatodendron indivisum, sp.n., Dendroiiiiia papillata and Tholosiiia vesicularis also occurred. Many selected specimens of Proto- botellina cylindrica were received from this station ranging up to 2\ inches in length. The muddy sand washed from the residues contained very few Foraminifera, all of the common Falkland types. WS245. TS505. BIV. 18. vii. 28. 52° 36' 00" S, 63° 40' 00" W. Dredge, 304 m. Dark olive-green muddy sand. Very few Foraminifera in the coarser material, but in the fine they were abundant, Uvigerina angulosa, Cassidulina spp. and Ehrenbergina pupa being dominant. Many species of Lagena, notably L. clatlirata. Patellinoides depressa, sp.n. and Anomalina umbili- catula, sp.n., were also found. WS246. TS506A/B. BIV. 19. vii. 28. 52° 25' 00" S, 61° 00' 00" W. Nets on trawl, 267-208 m. Organic debris of all kinds with many shell fragments and some sand. The material was very difficult to work over, but yielded a great many species, including Hyperammina clavigera, sp.n., H. novae-zealandiae, Reophax cushmatii, nom.nov., R. distans var. pseudo-distans, Tholosina protea, sp.n., Webbinella depressa, sp.n., Polytrema (?), etc. WS 248, TS 522. C IV. 20. vii. 28. 52° 40' 00" S, 58° 30' 00" W. Dredge, 210 m. Muddy green-grey sand with shell debris, containing abundant Foraminifera, estimated at 20 per cent of the total material. Cassidulina crassa, C. siibglobosa, Ehrenbergina pupa and Uvigerina angulosa were dominant, and with Globigeriiia conglonierata and G. pachydernia formed the bulk of the gathering. Lagenae were varied, but with the exception L. fimbriata and L. biancae not plentiful. WS408. TS516. BIV. 26. ii. 29. 53° 50' 00" S, 62° 10' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 454 m. Dark grey muddy sand which yielded a very long list of species. Cassidulina crassa, Uvigerina striata, Globigerina bulloides, G. dutertrei, G. triloba, Globorotalia scitula, G. truncatulinoides, Pulviniilina elegaiis and P. umboiiata were all extremely common. Among the rarer forms were Patellinoides depressa, sp.n., Lingulina quadrata, spinous forms of Nodosaria laevigata and A'^. rotuii- data, and Lagena lagenoides var. radiata. MATERIAL EXAMINED 309 WS409. TS510. BIV. 26. ii. 29. 53° 10' 00" S, 60'" 31' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 567 m. Three cc. of grey sandy mud which was washed on 200 mesh silk. Foraminifera were about 25 per cent of the residue, all small, specimens of Globigerina forming the bulk of the material. Cassidulina laevigata was much more abundant than C. crassa, contrary to the usual proportion. A good many species were listed but none of outstanding interest. WS431. TS523. DIV. 1. V. 29. 52° 18' 00" S, 50° 59' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 341 1 m. A few grains of sand and glauconite with Globigerinae were collected on a filter paper. They yielded seven species of Globigerina and three other forms, viz. Biloculina (icpimsa, Psammosphaera ftisca and Glohorotalia crassa. WS432. TS520. DHL 2. V. 29. 51° 56' 30" S, 53" 28' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 2432 m. A few grains of sand and glauconite with Foraminifera were collected on a filter paper. Globigerinae formed the bulk of the material, six species being present. G. pachyderma was dominant, being followed in order of frequency by G. bulloides, G. diitertrei, G. conglonurata, G. triloba and G. elevata, the last represented by a single specimen. Piilletiia obliqiiiloculata was very plentiful. Five other species were recorded, mostly rare, or single specimens. WS433. TS494A. cm. 5. iv. 29. 51° 44' S, 56° 23' W. Bottom sample, 1035 m. Light grey mud with dark spots. Residue Globigerina ooze, Radiolaria and glauconite granules in about equal proportions. Many interesting species of Foraminifera of deep water types. WS531. TS517A. BV. 5. iv. 30. 54° 25' 30" S, 61° 25' 30" W. Baillie sounding rod, 118 m. A small quantity of grey shell sand with abundant Foraminifera. Among the rarities recorded are Coriiiispira foliacea, Tecluiifella nitida, sp.n., Bifarina porrccta and Rotalia clathrata. No station no. TS 517 B. 5. iv. 30 (A). 54° 33' 30" S, 61° 22' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, N.P.D. rod, 124 m. About I cc. of grey shell sand yielded many Foraminifera, including five species of Globigerina and eight of Lagena. No station no. TS 517 C. 6. iv. 30. 54° 35' 30" S, 61° 25' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 320 m. A small quantity of greenish grey sand, the colour being due to the presence of glauconite. Foraminifera were abimdant and varied. Cassidulina, Globigerina and Uvigerina spp. dominant. Among the rarer forms recorded are Nodosaria capitata, Herouallenia (Discorbis) kcmpii and Rotalia clathrata. No station no. TS 517 D. 5. iv. 30 (B). 54° 41' 05" S, 61° 19' 00" W. Baillie sounding rod, 569 m. A very small quantity of dark grey sand with shell fragments and abundant Foraminifera. Uvigerina angulosa and Globigerina conglomerata and G. inflata were the dominant species, Cassidu- lina being comparatively small and rare. The genus Lagena was represented by no fewer than four- teen species out of the forty-four species recorded from the station. The material represented by TSS 517 B, C and D, was received too late for more than casual examination, or to be marked on the Chart. A few dominant forms, and noteworthy species only, are recorded. They are all in the same square BV on the chart. 3-2 3IO DISCOVERY REPORTS LIST OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES A few specimens, possibly new species, remain undescribed pending the arrival of further material. Sigmoilina ohesa, 38. Cornuspira denticiilala, 49. *De?idromna papiUata, 59. Technitella nitida, 62. Webbinella depressa, 64. Tholosina protea, 66. *Tliolositia vesicidaris var. erecta, 68. Hyperamtnina davigera, 74. Hyperammina jnalovensis, 76. Psammatodendron indivisiim, 77. *Protobotellina gen.nov. *ProtoboteUina cylindrica, 81. Reophax cushmani (nom.nov.), 88. Trochammina glabra, 106. *Trochammina jnalovensis, 109. BuUmina auricida, 137. Virgidina schreibersiana var. spinosa, 139. Bolivina mahvensis, 153. Cassidulina crassa var. porrecta, 161. Lagena digitale, 203. Lagena quadrata var. bispinosa, 219. Lagena uncinata, 220. Lagena bicarinata var. occlusa, 237. Lagena revertens, 238. Lagena bisuhata, 239. Lagena laureata, 244. Lingtdina falcata, 262. Lingulina translucida (nom.nov.), 263. Lingidina vitrea, 264. Cristellaria tenuissima, 269. Uvigerina angulosa var. pauperata, 302. Patellina comtgata var. formosa, 327. Patellinoides gen. nov. PateUinoides conica, 328. Patellinoides depressa, 329. Discorbis plana, 342. Discorbis tricamerata, 344. Discorbis mahvensis, 351. Discorbis australensis (nom.nov. sub.), 351. Discorbis coronata, 353. *Heronallenia (Discorbis) kempii, 354. Anomalina iimbilicatula, 372. Carpenteria lobosa, 373. Nonionella iridea, 410. Elphidium [Polystomella) magellaniciim, 416. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Order FORAMINIFERA Family MILIOLIDAE Sub-family NIJBECULARIINAE Genus Nubecularia, Defrance, 1825 I. Nubecularia lucifuga, Defrance. Nubecularia lucifuga, Defrance, 1825, fl/r/. 5f/. 7Va<. {Strasburg, 1816-30), xxxv, p. 210; .(4//ai Zooph. pi. xliv, fig. 3. Nubecularia lucifuga, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1904, p. 2, pi. ii, figs. 1-4. Three stations: WS 87, 88, 221. Small specimens attached to stones and shells are not uncommon at WS 88 and 221. They may have been overlooked at other stations. * These species were figured and described mjfournalof the Royal Microscopical Society in 1929 (Vol.XLiX, pp. 324-334, pis. i-iv). The descriptions and plates are repeated in this Report by the courtesy of the Council of the Society. MILIOLININAE 311 Sub-family MILIOLININAE Genus Biloculina, d'Orbigny, 1826 2. Biloculina depressa, d'Orbigny. Biloculina depressa, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 298, No. 7, Modele no. 91. Biloculina ringens var. carinata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 79, pi. vii, figs. 172-4. Nine stations: 230, 236; WS 83, 91, 108, 245, 408, 431, 433. Typical everywhere, but uncommon excepting at WS408, where it is abundant and well developed. 3 . Biloculina murrhyna, Schwager. Biloculina murrhyna, Schwager, 1866, FKN, p. 203, pi. iv, figs. 15 a, b. Biloculina murrhyna, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1917, p. 75, pi. xxviii, fig. 3; pi. xxix, fig. i. Seven stations: 228, 235, 236; WS 83, 215, 217, 408. Generally rare, but abundant at WS 408, where a complete range, from the megalo- and microspheric young to large individuals, was found. Very large specimens at WS 217. At some station it is very small and poorly developed. 4. Biloculina serrata, Bailey. Biloculina serrata, Bailey, 1861, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist, vu (3), p. 3:50, pi. viii, E. Biloculina depressa var. serrata, Brady, 1884, PC, p. 146, pi. iii, fig. 3. Biloculina serrata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1917, p. 7^, pi. xxix, fig. 2. Three stations: 22S ; WS 217, 408. Good single specimens at each station. At 228 and WS 408, the serration is confined to the aboral half of the shell. 5. Biloculina sarsi, Schlumberger. Biloculina ringens, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 139. Biloculina sarsi, Schlumberger, 1S91, BGF, p. 553 (in the reprints, p. 166), text-figs. 10-12, pi. ix, figs. 55-9. One station: WS 221. Occurs at this station, large and typical. 6. Biloculina elongata, d'Orbigny. Biloculina elongata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 298, no. 4. Biloculina elongata, Schlumberger, 1891, BGF, p. 571, figs. 35, 36, pis. xi and xii, figs. 87-9. Twelve stations: 388; WS 71, 84, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 97, 109, 221, 246. Generally distributed and very common. 7. Biloculina patagonica, d'Orbigny (Plate VI, figs. 4-6). Biloculina patagonica, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 65, pi. iii, figs. 15-17. Biloculina ringens var. patagonica, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 80, pi. vii, figs. 175, 176. Eight stations: 388; WS 84, 86, 87, 88, 91, 97, 221. 312 DISCOVERY REPORTS This local form is the only representative of the species at WS91. At the other stations it appears in company with typical B. elongata. Although d'Orbigny's specific name has been very little used, this pear-shaped form of B. elongata is not uncommon wherever that species occurs. At several stations it passes almost imperceptibly into B. elongata. The Type slide in Paris, labelled B. patagonica, does not contain any Biloailina, but only a stained Miliolid. 8. Biloculina peruviana, d'Orbigny (Plate VI, figs. 7-9). Biloculina peruviana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 68, pi. ix, figs. 1-3. Four stations: 48, 388; WS 84, 86. A considerable number of specimens, agreeing generally with d'Orbigny's figures, but slightly less globular. The bifurcate tooth is very characteristic, and in this difters from d'Orbigny's figure of B. bulloides, which has a simple tooth. Brady regarded B. peruviana as a synonym of the latter species. B. peruviana does not occur in d'Orbigny's list of the Falkland Islands species, but is recorded from Peru only. It has apparently a wide distribution, probably recorded as B. bulloides. The Type was not to be found in Paris. 9. Biloculina isabelleana, d'Orbigny (Plate VI, figs. 1-3). Biloculina isabelleana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 66, pi. viii, figs. 17-19. Three stations: 388; WS 93, 246. This species, which d'Orbigny found in the Falkland area "in the Polyp zone" and which he very justly describes as distinguished " par sa forme bombee", occurs at a few stations only. It is a very distinctive form, and the Paris Types conform in all respects with our specimens. Length, o-7o-o-8o mm.; breadth, o-6o-o-75 mm. 10. Biloculina anomala, Schlumberger. Biloculina anomala, Schlumberger, 1891, BGF, p. 569 (in the reprints p. 182), text-figs. 32-4, pi. xi, figs. 84-6, pi. xii, figs. loi. Biloculina anomala, Cushman, 1921, FP, p. 474, pi. xcvi, figs, i a, b, c. One station: WS 87. A few fairly large specimens at this station. 10 A. Biloculina vespertilio, Schlumberger. Biloculina ringcns, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 142, pi. ii, fig. 8. Biloculina vespertilio, Schlumberger, 1891, BGF, p. 561 (in the reprints, p. 174), figs. 20-2, pi. x, figs. 74-6. Biloculina vespcriilio, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1917, p. 77, pi. xxx, fig. i, text-figs. 37-9. One station: 388. Common, and of large size. MILIOLININAE 313 11. Biloculina globulus, Borneinann. Bilucidiua globulus, Bornemann, 1855, FSH, p. 349, pi. xix, fig. 3. Biloculiua globulus, Schlumberger, 1891, BGF, p. 575 (in the reprints, p. 18S), text-figs. 42-4, pi. xii, figs. 97-100. Ten stations: WS 71, 80, 83, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 221, 225. The specimens are large but not typical, being somewhat compressed. At WS 80, a single small specimen occurred, exactly comparable with Bornemann's original figure. Genus Flintia, Schubert, 191 1 II A. Flintia robusta (Brady). Spiroloculina robusta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 150, pi. ix, figs. 7, 8. SpirolocuUna robusta, Flint, 1899, RFA, p. 296, pi. xlii, figs, i, 2. Flintia {Spiroloculina) robusta, Schubert, 191 1, FFB, p. 124. Flintia robusta, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1929, p. 75, pi. xx, figs, i, 2. One station: 388. A single fine specimen. Genus Spiroloculina, d'Orbigny, 1826 It is perhaps noteworthy that not a single specimen referable to this genus was found in the Falkland material. Although generally a warm- water form, in the northern hemisphere the genus attains much higher latitudes than in the Falkland area. Genus Miliolina, Williamson, 1858 12. Miliolina seminulum (Linne) (Plate VI, figs. 25-40). Serpula seminulum, Linne, 1767, SN (ed. xii), p. 1264, no. 791 ; SN (ed. xiii), p. 3739, no. 2. Miliolina seminulum, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 157, pi. v, fig. 6 (references). Ouinqueloculitia araucana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 76, pi. ix, figs. 13-15. Ouinqueloculina isabellei, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 74, pi. iv, figs. 17-19. Ouinqueloculina magellanica, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 77, pi. ix, figs. 19-21. Twenty-four stations : 48, 51, 228, 388; WS 71, 73, 76, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99, 109, 217, 219, 221, 225, 242, 246. Universally distributed, often very abundant and attaining very large dimensions (Plate VI, figs. 34-36). It also presents nearly all the variations commonly associated with this species. Naturally the most abundant of the variations are those associated by d'Orbigny with the South American area (FAM, 1839), particularly his Qidnqueloculina magellanica, of which we give figures (Plate VI, figs. 25-27), although specimens exactly comparable with his figures are not particularly abundant, the best occurring at WS 84, 86. The peculiarity assigned by the author to this species, " tres lisse, brillante", is especially 314 DISCOVERY REPORTS characteristic of the M. semimiliim group in the Falkland Islands material. O. araucana (d'Orbigny) which was recorded by that author only from Valparaiso, on the Chilean coast, and which differs from O. mogellanica mainly in its narrower outlines and less acute peripheral edge, occurs but very rarely, the best being at WS 86, io8 and 221 (see Plate VI, figs. 28-30). The Types of O. araucana are deeply stained with iron, but the sutures are very strongly marked and we have no doubt that they are in general agree- ment with d'Orbigny 's figure. Ouinqiielocidina isabellei is characterized by a more compressed shell with inflated chambers and depressed sutures. We have notes of its occurrence at six stations only, viz. 388, WS 87, 88, 90, 91, 93. It is probably more widely distributed but escaped observation. The Type was not to be found in Paris. Among the Paris Types the tube labelled " O. magellanica, lies Malouines ", contains nine large Miliolids in good condition. Some of them are in agreement with d'Orbigny's figures, but the others cover a wide range of variation within the species M. semimilum, including the sigmoiline form referred to below. One of the specimens is nearer M. vulgaris than M. semimilum. Among our specimens a form with somewhat recurved angular edge suggesting a sig- moiline structure arrests attention (Plate VI, figs. 31-3). It was at first assumed to be a Sigmoilina, although its general resemblance to M. seminulum and its constant association with that species brought it under suspicion. Its MilioHne nature having been established, it seemed probable that it would prove to be the microspheric form of that species, in view of the fact that Schlumberger in his sections of M. seminulum (S. 1893, MGM, p. 67 [in the reprints, p. 209], figs. 15, 16) indicates a similar "pseudo-sigmoiline" curve in the external wall of the microspheric form. But a series of sections has proved the existence of both megalospheric and microspheric individuals in each form, the latter as usual being very uncommon (Plate VI, figs. 37-40). The megalosphere of the angular sigmoiline form appears to be invariably smaller than in the normal M. seminulum, and it seems probable that the species exhibits the "trimorphism" of Hofker, or "polymorphism", as has been alternately suggested for the phenomenon. The best specimens of the sigmoiline form were obtained at 388 and WS 84, where large and highly polished individuals are common. Goes in his Arctic and Scandinavian Foraminifera (G. 1894, ASF, p. 108, pi. xviii, figs. 838 c, d) gives sections of the two forms of M. seminulum, which, although less distinctive than Schlumberger 's so far as external characteristics go, bring out what he regarded as a " sigmoiline " arrangement of the chambers in this species. Our own sections seem to prove that, while the microspheric form is distinctly sigmoiline in the arrangement of its chambers, no similar curve can be made out in the megalospheric form. 13. Miliolina patagonica (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs. 10-12). Quinqueloculina patagonica, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 74, pi. iv, figs. 14-16. Three stations: WS 83, 217, 245. The occurrence of d'Orbigny's little form at these stations is worth recording, MILIOLININAE 315 although it has no very distinctive specific features. The specimens agree very well with d'Orbigny's figures, but, except at WS 217, the surface of the shell is invariably dull and rough, whereas d'Orbigny describes it as being bright and shining. The Type was not to be found in Paris. 14. Miliolina vulgaris (d'Orbigny). Ouinqueloculina vulgaris, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 302, no. 33. Quinqueloculina vulgaris, Schlumberger, 1893, MGM, p. 65 (in the reprints, p. 207), pi. ii, figs. 65-6, and woodcuts 13-14. Seven stations: 388; WS 71, 84, 87, 88, 89, 215. Common. Very fine and typical specimens at WS 87, identical with the Type- specimens in Paris. The figure in Soldani (S. 1789-98, T, pt iii, tab. 152, fig. E), upon which d'Orbigny based his species, is highly unsatisfactory, but d'Orbigny's localities, principally Mediterranean, were sufficient to justify Schlumberger in his identifications when he revived the name. I 5. Miliolina oblonga (Montagu). Vermiailum oblongiim, Montagu, 1803-8, TB, p. 522, pi. xiv, fig. 9. Miliolina seminulum var. ubloiiga, WiUiamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 86, pi. vii, figs. i86, 187. Miliolina seminulum, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 160, pi. v, fig. 4. Nine stations: 388; WS 71, 79, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 93. Common. The best specimens at WS 87 and 88, where a complete series of indi- viduals, from immature young to very large adult specimens, was obtained. The dominant type at all the stations is rather small and square-ended, a parallelogram with rounded corners. 16. Miliolina bosciana (d'Orbigny). Ouinqueloculina bosciana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 191, pi. xi, figs. 22-4. Miliolina bosciana. Chapman, 1900, FLF, p. 177, pi. xix, fig. 7. One station: WS 88. Typical specimens, rather thick-shelled, and quite in conformity with the Type in Paris. 17. Miliolina procera, Goes. Miliolina procera. Goes, 1896, DOA, p. 82, pi. vii, figs. 7-9. Miliolina procera, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1917, p. 45, pi. xix, fig. 2. Two stations: WS 210, 215. Two fine specimens from WS 215, and three from WS 210, agree very well with the figures of Goes, and even exhibit the faint longitudinal striation to which he refers in his text, but which is not shown in his figures. The aperture in all our specimens is normal, and not the undulating irregular slit which Goes reports as being usually characteristic of the species. 3i6 DISCOVERY REPORTS i8. Miliolina subrotunda (Montagu). Vermicidum subrotundum, Montagu, 1803-8, TB, pt 2, p. 521. Miliolina subrotunda, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 168, pi. v, figs. 10, 11. Miliolina subrotunda. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 109, pi. xix, figs. 846, 847. Thirteen stations: 48, 51, 53, 388; WS 71, 80, 88, 89, 90, 108, 225, 245, 248. Frequent at most of the stations, the best at 53 and WS 71 and 88. At WS 248, a specimen with a hauerine development of the later chambers was observed. At 53 a specimen practically identical with the hauerine variety figured by us from south Cornwall (H.-A. & E. 1916, FSC, p. 35, pi. v, figs. 6-8) was found. As a general rule the specimens are small, tending towards the pauperate d'Orbignyan species, O. peruviana and O. meridionalis. The Falkland Islands specimens never attain the robust development and size which marks the species in British waters. 19. Miliolina meridionalis (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs. 22-24). Quinqueloculina meridionalis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 75, pi. iv, figs. 1-3 and 10-13. The distribution follows that of M. subrotunda of which it is a local d'Orbignyan varia- tion. In Paris the Type tube contains one specimen labelled " Amerique meridionale". It was encrusted with crystals of efflorescence. When these were very carefully removed, the specimen appeared in very fair condition, apparently M. valvularis, at any rate having no resemblance to d'Orbigny 's figure. 20. Miliolina lamarckiana (d'Orbigny). Oninquelociiliiia lamarckiana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 189, pi. xi, figs. 14-15. Quinqueloculina auberiana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 193, pi. xii, figs. 1-3. Miliolina auberiana. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 109, pi. xix, fig. 844. Miliolina lamarckiana, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930, FPD, p. 57. Two stations: WS S3, 87. The specimens are far from typical and have somewhat inflated chambers. In Paris there are two Type tubes labelled " O. lamarckiana, Cuba", and two labelled " O. aube- riana, Cuba". Of the Q. lamarckiana, one tube contains nothing but unrecognizable fragments, the other contains thirteen specimens, some in good condition, others more or less destroyed by efflorescence. It seems impossible that these can have been the original d'Orbigny Types, for they cover O. lamarckiana, auberiana, and cuvieriana. One or two are excellent specimens of Q. lamarckiana as figured by d'Orbigny, the rest we think should be disregarded as being probably later additions to the tube. The Q. aube- riana " Types " are even more unsatisfactory. One tube contains only a single specimen oi Massilina secans (d'Orbigny), the other contains two smaller shells in a very bad state of preservation; one is quite unrecognizable, the other is Miliolina subrotunda (Montagu). 21. Miliolina contorta (d'Orbigny). Quinqueloculina contorta, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 298, pi. xx, figs. 4-6. Miliolina contorta. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. iii, pi. xx, figs. 851, 852. Eight stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 87, 88, 90, 93, 99. MILIOLININAE 3i7 The specimens are large and well developed, especially at WS 71 and 93. They are rather broader and shorter than the d'Orbignyan figure suggests, but the Type specimen is not to be found in Paris for comparison. 22. Miliolina inca (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs. 13-15). Qtdnquelociilina inca, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 75, pi. iv, figs. 20-2. Three stations: WS 87, 88, 93. A single specimen at each station, agreeing with d'Orbigny's figure. The striae rather faint in the specimens from WS 87, 88, which are young, but are much coarser in the adult specimen from WS 93. The Type is not to be found in Paris. 23. Miliolina boueana, d'Orbigny. Ouinqiieloculina boueana, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 293, pi. xix, figs. 7-9. Miliolina boueana, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 173, pi. vii, figs. 13 a, b. Miliolina boueana, Costa, 1853, etc., PRN, 1856, p. 329, pi. xxv, fig. 15. Four stations: 48; WS 84, 93, 245. Rare. The specimens are poorly developed, the best are at 48. This Type also is missing. 24. Miliolina costata (d'Orbigny). Ouinqueloculina cosiata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 301, no. 3. Qiiinqiieloculina costata, Schlumberger, 1893, MGM, p. 69 (in the reprints, p. 211), text-fig. 20, pi. iii, figs. 75-6. Miliolina costata, Heron-Allen and Farland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 579, pi. xliv, figs. 9-1 1. One station: WS 88. Several very good specimens, agreeing with the one remaining and recognizable Type in Paris. 25. Miliolina pygmaea (Reuss), Ouinqueloculina pygmaca, Reuss, 1849-50, FOT, p. 384, pi. v (i), fig. 3. Ouinqueloculina lucida, Karrer, 1868, MFKB, p. 147, pi. ii, fig. 7. Miliolina pygmaea, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 211, pi. xxxix, figs. 10-16 (only). Fourteen stations: WS 80, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 99, 108, 210, 215, 217, 225, 408. The specimens are usually few in number, but at WS 83 they are extraordinarily abundant. All the specimens agree, on the whole, better with the description and figure of Oiiiuquelociilina hicida, Karrer, lit supra, in which the chambers are slightly more inflated and the sutural depressions deeper than in Reuss's species. They are, moreover, rough in surface texture. Karrer draws attention to this, while Reuss ignores the point. 26. Miliolina venusta (Karrer). Quinqueloculina venusta, Karrer, 1868, MFKB^ p. 147, pi. ii, fig. 6. Miliolina venusta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 162, pi. v, figs. 5, 7. Miliolina venusta, Flint, 1899, RFA, p. 298, pi. xliv, fig. 2. Two stations : 53 ; WS 92. Single specimens only at these stations. 4-2 3i8 DISCOVERY REPORTS 27. Miliolina trigonula (Lamarck). Miliolites trigonula, Lamarck, 1804, etc., AM, 1804, v, p. 351, no. 3. Tnloculina trigonula, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 299, no. i, pi. xvi, figs. 5-9. Miliolina trigonula, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 164, pi. iii, figs. 14-16. Four stations: WS 88, 99, 215, 217. Rare. There are but few specimens at each station and they occur in two different forms, differing in their length. The long form appears at WS 88 and 217 and the short broad form at WS 99 and 215. 28. Miliolina tricarinata (d'Orbigny). Triloculina tricarinata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 299, no. 7, Modele no. 94. CrncilocuUna triangularis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 72, pi. ix, figs. 11 and 12. Triloculina tricarinata, Brady, 1864, RFS, p. 466, pi. xlviii, fig. 3. Four stations: 388; WS 245, 248, 433. A few specimens at these stations. D'Orbigny recorded his Cruciloailina triangularis {lit supra), which has always been regarded as a synonym of M. tricarinata, as being fairly common in deep water off the Falkland Islands, on stony ground. None of our Falkland specimens are characterized by the cruciform aperture which gave rise to his generic name, but are normally milioline. In the South Georgia area, however, the cruciloculine aperture is normal and frequent. The Type of Cniciloculina was not to be found in Paris. 29. Miliolina circularis (Bornemann). Triloculina circularis, Bornemann, 1855, FSH, p. 349, pi. xix, fig. 4. Miliolina circularis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 169, pi. iv, fig. 3 ; pi. v, figs. 13, 14 (?). Fifteen stations: 48, 51, 53, 388; WS 71, 79, 83, 87, 88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 108, 213. The specimens are generally rather small and feeble. Good at 53, 388 and WS 87. A fossil specimen was observed at WS 95. 30. Miliolina seminuda (Reuss). Quinqueloculina seminuda, Reuss, 1866, FABS, p. 125, pi. i, fig. 11. Miliolina suhrotunda, Wright, 1885-6, BLP, p. 319, pi. xxvi, fig. 5. Miliolina seminuda, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 27. One station: WS 531. A single weakly marked specimen only. 31. Miliolina rosea (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs. 16-18). Triloculina rosea, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 69, pi. iii, figs. i8-io. One station : WS 93. A few specimens, white in colour, from this station. In spite of his specific name, d'Orbigny describes his specimens as being uniformly pink or white. One specimen shows, by the presence of a few feeble striae on the periphery, the relationship to MILIOLININAE 3i9 M.fichteUana (d'Orbigny) to which d'Orbigny alludes lit supra. The Paris Type tube contains three specimens, two entirely covered by efflorescence. The third is a specimen of M. valvularis, Reuss, and therefore not in the least resembling d'Orbigny's figure. Evidently a case of "rearrangement". The two effloresced specimens were carefully cleaned, and disclosed the remains of a compressed MilioUd, quite unidentifiable with the figure. 32. Miliolina lutea (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs, ig-21). Triloculina Iiitco, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 70, pi. ix, figs. 6-8. Two stations: WS 88, 246. A single specimen at each station agreeing fairly well with d'Orbigny's description and figure. He records it as " rare " from the Falkland Islands sands. The Type is not to be found in Paris. Length, 0-50 mm., greatest breadth, 0-35 mm. 33. Miliolina rotunda (d'Orbigny). Triloculina rotunda, d'Orbigny, 1826, TAIC, p. 299, no. 4. Triloculina rotunda, Schlumberger, 1893, MGM, p. 64, pi. i, figs. 48-50, text-figs. 11, 12. Miliolina rotunda, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 56S, pi. xlii, figs. 27-30. Two stations : 388;WS88. Many well-developed specimens referable to this species, identical with the Type in Paris. 34. Miliolina labiosa (d'Orbigny). Triloculina lohiosa, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 178, pi. x, figs. 12-14. Miliolina labiosa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 170, pi. vi, figs. 3-5. Triloculina labiosa, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1929, pt. 6, p. 60, pi. xv, figs. 2, 3. Two stations: 388; WS 88. A few small specimens. The Type is missing in Paris. 35. Miliolina valvularis (Reuss). Triloculina valvularis, Reuss, 1851, FSUB, p. 85, pi. vii, fig. 56. Miliolina valvularis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 161, pi. iv, figs. 4, 5. Miliolina valvularis. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 115, pi. xxii, fig. 871. Seven stations: 388; WS 71, 83, 84, 86, 88, 221. Very good specimens. One, very fine and large at WS 84, quite typical. Other good ones at WS 71 and 221. 36. Miliolina brongniartii (d'Orbigny). Triloculina brongniartii, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 300, no. 23. Triloculina brongniartii, Parker and Jones, 1859, etc., NF, 1871, p. 250, pi. viii, fig. 9. Triloculina brongniartii, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1929, pt. 6, p. 63, pi. xvi, fig. 4. Four stations: 388; WS 87, 88, 91. Very good specimens in excellent condition at 388 and WS 87, 88. No Type- specimen to be found in Paris. 320 DISCOVERY REPORTS 37. Miliolina suborbicularis (d'Orbigny). Triloculina suborbicularis, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 300, no. 12. Triloculina suborbicularis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 177, pi. x, figs. g-ii. Miliolina suborbicularis, Schlumberger, 1893, MGM, p. 72 (in the reprints, p. 215), text- figs. 26-8; pi. ii, figs. 63, 64; pi. iii, fig. 67. One station: WS 215. A single specimen of this somewhat unsatisfactorily separated species, being the most fully striate of the webbiana-fichteJiana-siiborbicularis group. (See our observations in H.-A. & E. 1914 etc., FKA, 1915, p. 560.) The Type of d'Orbigny 's Triloculina suborbicularis could not be found, but the species is identifiable from his figure, and from Schlumberger's work {ut supra). It must not be confounded with d'Orbigny's Ouinqueloculiua suborbicularis (d'O. 1826, TMC, p. 302, no. 29) of which we are only told that it "inhabited the Mediterranean". The name has dropped into disuse, the Types, however, are in good condition in Paris, and fair (though damaged) at La Rochelle. They represent a stout, broad form of M. semi- nulum, the shell being quite free from striae. Genus Sigmoilina, Schlumberger, 1887 38. Sigmoilina obesa, sp.n. (Plate VII, figs. 1-4). Twelve stations: 48, 388; WS 72, 83, 84, 86, 87, 91, 93, 108, 219, 221. Test free, porcellanous, broadly oval in side view with the aboral end somewhat pro- jecting, elliptical in end view. Two chambers only, visible externally, the final chamber occupying nearly three-quarters of the visible surface, separated by a curved sutural line nearly flush with the surface of the test. The two surfaces are inequilaterally convex and the peripheral edge broadly rounded. Walls thick and devoid of ornament, the surface usually dull, but sometimes polished, though never to the same extent as in Sigmoilina sigmoidea (Brady). Aperture, a curved slit furnished with a simple tooth. Both megalospheric and microspheric forms have been observed, the former as usual being the most abundant. Externally there is no very great difference except in size, the megalospheric form ranging up to o-8o mm. in length and 0-70 mm. in breadth as compared with 1-45 mm. and 1-20 mm. for the length and breadth of the microspheric. In section, the megalospheric form shows only 2-3 pairs of chambers following the proloculum, while the microspheric has about 7-8 pairs. Sigmoilina obesa is a fairly distinctive species, its nearest ally is unquestionably S. sigmoidea (Brady), but it can hardly be confused with that species externally, while, in section, the sigmoid curves of the two species are quite distinctive. The species occurs at many stations in the Falkland area, though never in any great numbers. 39. Sigmoilina schlumberger!, Silvestri. Planispirina cclata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 197, pi. viii, figs. 1-4. Planispirina cclata, Schlumberger, 1887, P, p. iii, text-figs. 6-7; pi. vii, figs. 12-14. HAUERININAE 321 Planispiiina celata, Flint, 1899, RFA, p. 303, pi. xlvii, fig. 5. Sigmoiliiia schlumbcrgeri, Silvestri, 1904, TB, p. 267. Three stations: 236; WS 215, 413. A few specimens identifiable with Brady's figures ascribed to Plauispirina celata (Costa). Silvestri has separated these and named them after Schlumberger, who has gone in great detail into the minute structure of the form {ut supra). While preserving Silvestri's name/)ra tern., we may say we have been unable to verify the existence of a microspheric form in Sigmoilina celata (Costa), sensii stricto. We have cut sections of a considerable number of specimens of both forms and found that S. schliimbergeri is, in our experience, invariably microspheric and S. celata megalospheric. 40. Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek). Ouinqiielociilina tenuis, Czjzek, 1848, FWB, p. 149, pi. xiii, figs. 31-4. Spiroloadina tenuis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 152, pi. x, figs. 7-11. Sigmoilina tenuis, Schlumberger, 1887, P, p. 118. Spii-oloculina tenuis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 208 (and sub M. pygmaea, p. 211, pi. xxxix, figs. 17-18). Three stations: WS 217, 221, 408. Fairly frequent at WS 217 and 408, where the specimens exhibit a great range of torm, extending from the typical Ouiiiqueloculiiia tenuis, Czjzek, with its somewhat narrow outline and marked sigmoid curves, to the very complanate Spirolociilina tenuis- sima, Reuss (R. 1867, FSW, p. 71, pi. i, fig. 11), in which the sigmoid curves are hardly recognizable. We have dealt with the relationships of this form with Miliolina pygmaea (Reuss) in our West of Scotland paper {loc. cit., p. 211). Sub-family HAUERININAE Genus Tubinella, Rhumbler, 1906 41. Tubinella funalis (Brady). Articidina funalis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 185, pi. xiii, figs. 6-11. Tubinella funalis, Rhumbler, 1906, FLC, p. 26. Tubinella funalis, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1929, pt. 6, p. 54, pi. xii, fig. 8. Five stations: 48, 53, 388; WS 71, 88. A few specimens at each. Three of these stations, 48, 53 and WS 71, are close together in-shore to the north-east of the islands, WS 88 is far away (our furthest south- west station) close to the point of South America and 388 is right oflF Cape Horn. Its non-occurrence at intermediate stations is difficult to explain, as the species is abundant in Antarctic material, and, if occurring at all, would be expected to be universally distributed in the area. 323 DISCOVERY REPORTS Genus Planispirina, Seguenza, 1880 42. Planispirina cryptella (d'Orbigny). Triloculina cryptella, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 70, pi. ix, figs. 4, 5. Two stations : WS 80, 225. A single specimen at each station. The Type tube labelled " T. cryptella, lies Malouines" in Paris contains eight specimens, all badly overgrown with efflorescence, some utterly destroyed. One or two were successfully cleaned, and the specimens agree fairly well with d'Orbigny 's fig. 5. There is nothing which can be suggested as responsible for fig. 4 which, indeed, cannot be identified with either fig. 5 or the text. The species appears to be very closely related to his Biloculina irregularis but is more globular. As already pointed out by Brady (B. 1884, FC, p. 171) the Miliola {Triloculina) cryptella of Parker and Jones (P. & J. 1865, NAAF, p. 410, pi. xv, fig. 39) is not d'Orbigny's form. This is the only occasion, as far as we are aware, on which d'Orbigny's specific name has been revived. 43. Planispirina irregularis (d'Orbigny). Biloculina irregularis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 67, pi. viii, figs. 20, 21. Biloculina irregularis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 140, pi. i, figs. 17, 18. Biloculina irregularis. Chapman, 1914, EDRS, p. 42, pi. v, fig. 2. Four stations: WS 76, 225, 245, 248. Rare. The largest at WS 245, the most typical at WS 76. The Type is not to be found in Paris. 44. Planispirina sphaera (d'Orbigny) (Plate VI, figs. 41, 42). Biloculina sphaera, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 66, pi. viii, figs. 13-16. Biloculina sphaera, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 141 (fig.), pi. ii, fig. 4 «, b. Planispirina sphaera, Schlumberger, i89i,BGF,p.577 (in the reprints, p. 190), text-figs. 45, 46. Biloculina sphaera. Chapman, 1906, GBI, p. 82, pi. iii, fig. i a, b. One station: WS 217. D'Orbigny records this species as not uncommon at the Falkland Islands, but we have found it in but a single dredging, where it is scantily represented, the specimens agreeing absolutely with d'Orbigny's figures, of small size (average 0-50 mm. in diameter), compared with the dimensions which the species attains in deep water round the British Isles, and in Discovery material from higher latitudes than the Falkland Islands. Two Types in the d'Orbigny collection, one very small. They are in good condition and of typical appearance. D'Orbigny's figure, incidentally, is poor. 45. Planispirina bucculenta (Brady). Miliolina bucculenta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 170, pi. cxiv, fig. 3 a, b. Planispirina bucculenta, Schlumberger, 1892, FAM, p. 208 (in the reprints, p. 194), text- figs. 2, 3, pi. viii, figs. 6,7. Miliolina bucculenta, Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 118, pi. xxiii, figs. 890-903, pi. xxiv, figs. 904, 905. One station: WS 88. A single small specimen at this station; probably a young individual. PENEROPLIDINAE 323 Sub-family PENEROPLIDINAE Genus Cornuspira, Schultze, 1854 46. Cornuspira involvens, Reuss. OpcrcuUna involvens, Reuss, 1849-50, FOT, p. 370, pi. i (xlvi), fig. 20 (not 30). Cornuspira involvens, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 200, pi. xi, figs. 1-3. Eight stations: 51, 53, 388; WS 71, 88, 93, 217, 221. Rare except at WS 88. With the exception of one specimen at WS 88, the whole of the individuals are megalospheric. They are all of a small neat type and there is a great range of size in the megalosphere. 47. Cornuspira polygyra, Reuss (Plate VII, fig. 5). Cornuspira polygyra, Reuss, 1863, KTF, p. 39, pi. i, fig. i. Cornuspira polygyra, Reuss, i87o,FSP,p.463,and Schlicht, 1870, FSP,p.9i,pI.xxxv, figs. 1-4. Two stations: 388; WS88. The specimens are small, ranging up to 0-20 mm. only in diameter, but agree with Reuss's figure and description. They are all megalospheric and some run up to as many as twelve or thirteen convolutions. One or two specimens show a tendency to a slight increase in the diameter of the final convolution, as described by Reuss in his original diagnosis of the species. 48. Cornuspira selseyensis, Heron- Allen and Earland. Cornuspira (.'), Earland, 1905, FBS, p. 199, pi. xiii, figs. 2-4. Cornuspira selseyensis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1908, etc., SB, 1909, p. 319, pi. xv, figs. 9-1 1. Cornuspira selseyensis, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1929, p. 82, pi. xx, fig. 9. One station: 53. At this station a few small individuals were found, rather more regularly coiled than is usually the case. 49. Cornuspira denticulata, sp.n. (Plate VII, figs. 6-8). Three stations: WS 87, 88, 225. Test discoidal, nearly flat, somewhat depressed at centre, peripheral edge rounded, wall very thin, consisting of a large proloculum followed by 4-6 embracing convolutions of a round tube slowly increasing in diameter. Where the inner edge of the tube overlaps the previous whorl, the shell substance extends over that whorl in minute denticulations. Aperture, an arched opening, over which the outer edge of the tube usually projects forward. Surface smooth and glistening, but showing lines of growth in the form of very faint striae. Colour white to pale straw, translucent. Diameter ranging up to 0-25 mm. Only a few specimens, all in a good state of preservation, were found at each station, the best being at WS 88 and 225. They were at first regarded with some hesitation, as the denticulate markings and translucent wall were more suggestive of Spirillino than of Cornuspira. In fact the specimens bear some resemblance in their markings to the form 324 DISCOVERY REPORTS figured by Sidebottom (1904, etc. RFD, 1908, p. 7, pi. ii, fig. 2) as Spirillina vivipara var., or to Williamson's figure of Spirillina tnargoritifera. Careful examination of specimens in balsam under high powers failed, however, to give any evidence of per- forations, and their pale amber colour in that medium seems conclusive evidence of the porcellanous nature of the shell. 50. Cornuspira foliacea (Philippi). Orbis foliaceus, Philippi, 1844, EMS, p. 147, pi. xxiv, fig. 25 (error for 26). SpiriUina foliacea, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 91, pi. vii, figs. 199-201. Cornuspira foliacea, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 199, pi. xi, figs. 5-9. One station: WS 531. A single broken specimen, only, represents this very widely spread species in our material. Genus Opthalmidium, Zwingli and Kiibler, 1870 51. Opthalmidium inconstans, Brady. Hauerina inconstans, Brady, 1879, RRC, p. 268. Opthalmidium inconstans, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 189, pi. xii, figs. 5, 7, 8. Opthalmidium inconstans, Flint, 1899, RFA, p. 302, pi. xlvii, fig. 3. Two stations : WS 93, 245. Single small individuals at each station. The occurrence of only single specimens of this widely distributed species is noteworthy. Family ASTRORHIZIDAE Sub-family ASTRORHIZINAE Genus Iridia, Heron- Allen and Earland, 1914 52. Iridia diaphana, Heron- Allen and Earland, /nJ?fld'«a^//a«a, Heron-Allen and Earland, i9i4,etc.,FKA, i9i4,p. 37i,pl.xxxvi, I9i5,p. 607. Iridia diaphana, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FSC, p. 37. Iridia diaphana, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930, FPD, p. 65, pi. iii, figs. 32, 33. One station: WS 246. Only a single specimen, attached to a Polyzoan fragment, which can be identified with practical certainty. Genus Storthosphaera, F. E. Schulze, 1875 53. Storthosphaera depressa, Pearcey. Storthosphaera depressa, Pearcey, 1900, RCA, p. 37, pi. i, fig. i. Storthosphaera depressa, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 231. One station: WS 217. Two specimens utilizing spicules more largely in their construction than is usual in British specimens. Like Dendrophrya erecta {post no. 58), it is probably widely distributed, but has only been recorded from Britain up to the present. ASTRORHIZINAE 325 Genus Crithionina, Goes, 1894 54. Crithionina granum, Goes. Crithionina granum. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 15, pi. iii, figs. 28-33. Crithionina granum, Rhumbler, 1903, ZRR, p. 231, fig. 58. Crithionina granum, Cushman, 19 18, etc., FAO, 191 8, p. 69, pi. xxvi, figs. 6-7. Three stations: WS 99, 109, 217. The specimens are few but quite characteristic. Some of them show signs of having been attached, and others, from their irregular shape, probably lived in interstices between sand grains. i;^. Crithionina mamilla, Goes. Crithionina mamilla, Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 15, pi. iii, figs. 34-6. Crithionina mamilla, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1912, etc., NSG, 1913, p. 9, pi. iii. Three stations: 53 ; WS 225, 245. The specimens are few and poorly developed, the best at WS 245, attached to a pebble and bristling with long sponge spicules. A similar spiculiferous specimen, but detached, at WS 225. 56. Crithionina pisum, Goes. Crithionina pisum. Goes, 1896, DOA, p. 24, pi. ii, figs, i, 2. Crithionina pisum, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1909, TNS, p. 410, pi. xxxiv, fig. 6 a. One station : 53. Rare and very small but quite spherical. Genus Saccorhiza, Eimer and Fickert, 1899 56 A. Saccorhiza ramosa (Brady). Hyperammina ramosa, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 33, pi. iii, figs. 14, 15 ; 1884, FC, p. 261, pi. xxiii, figs. 15-19. Saccorhiza ramosa, Eimer and Fickert, 1899, AVF, p. 670. One station: WS 433. A few fragments. Genus Dendrophrya, Strethill Wright, 1861 57. Dendrophrya radiata, Strethill Wright. Dendrophrya radiata, Strethill \\'right, 1861, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), viii, p. 122. Dendrophrya radiata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 23S. pi. xxvii a, figs. 10-12. One station: WS 210. A few rather doubtful specimens attached to zoophyte fragments were found at this station to the north of the Falkland Islands, in 161 m. They are not sufficiently well preserved to be identified with certainty. 5-z 326 DISCOVERY REPORTS 58. Dendrophrya erecta, Strethill Wright (Plate VII, fig. 9). Deridiophryaerecta, Strethill Wright, i86i,^««. Mag. Nat. Hist.{T,),\m, p. 122, pi. iv, figs. 4, 5. Dendrophrya erecta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 239, pi. xxvii a, figs. 7-9. One station: WS 221. A single excellent specimen attached to a Pecten shell. It is quite possible that the species is widely distributed, but hitherto the only records are from shallow water round the British coasts. Genus Dendronina, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922 59. Dendronina papillata (Heron-Allen and Earland) (Plate XVI, figs. 33-38 and Plate XVII, figs. 1-3). Diffusilina papillata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1929, etc., FSA, 1929, p. 324, pi. i, figs. 4-6. Six stations: WS 213, 221, 225, 242, 243, 245. "Test attached to stones and other objects, generally roughly circular in outline, though the edges are frequently produced into irregular cusps. In form, more or less convex, built up of finely comminuted sand and mud, firmly compacted but without much cement, except in the outer layer which is very smooth, even polished, but with one or more well-marked, projecting papillae, formed of the same minute sand grains more loosely agglutinated. These papillae presumably form the avenues for the extru- sion of the protoplasm, which, however, may perhaps also find an exit round the edges of the test, although these appear to be in close contact with the surface of attachment. Colour varying from dirty white to grey. "Specimens broken open reveal a simple cavity with lobular extensions — in fact amoeboid in shape — filled with pale brown protoplasm. Larger sand grains are used in the construction of the interior, than of the outer layer of the wall. No passages con- necting the central cavity with the papillae or the edges can be made out. Probably the protoplasm exudes in a fluid form between the sand grains, and digestion is carried on outside the test. The size varies up to about 2 mm. in diameter." The foregoing extract from the original description of the species still holds good on the whole, but a much larger supply of material has demonstrated that the specimens originally described were young individuals constituting the first stage of a larger organism which can no longer be retained in the genus Diffusilina, but must be removed to Dendrouiuo, a genus originally described by us from New Zealand and the Ross Sea in the Antarctic (H.-A. & E. 1922, TN, p. 78 et seq.). It was then suggested that the genus might prove to have a wide distribution. Following on the early growth described above, the second stage consists in the prolongation of the central nipple into a short, stout, tubular outgrowth, furnished at its extremity with a constricted circular opening. The same fine material is employed. The walls of the tube are thin and the central cavity large, and the tube is apparently super- imposed on the original papilla, forming a separate chamber of which the top of the papilla forms the base. Its height may be 2-00 mm. or more. In the third and final stage the tube expands and forms an irregular body, either SACCAMMININAE 327 bulbous or club-shaped, or irregularly branching, with terminal apertures. In this final stage the wall is reduced to almost papery thinness and is very fragile. No perfect specimens in this stage have been found, nor does it seem probable that they would survive the treatment of cleaning the material. A sufficient number of fragments repre- senting the final stage, ranging up to 2-00 mm. in length, associated with specimens of the second stage with fractured terminal tube was, however, found at WS 225 to justify the foregoing reconstruction of the third or final stage of growth. The height of the complete organism is probably 4-5 mm. Perfect specimens may yet perhaps be found in sheltered crevices of sponges, etc. One or two specimens have been seen with two diverging tubes on the same basal " pad ", but these appear to be abnormal. The shape of the basal pad varies according to its locus adhaerendi. On stones and shells it is invariably circular and very depressed, but when the organism has started growth on the stem of a zoophyte, the pad increases in size conformably with the surface of attachment and becomes elongated and more rapidly conical. Such specimens were found at WS 225, but were very uncommon. Intermediate forms of the basal pad also occur. In one very interesting specimen which we figure, the basal pad had probably been attached to some soft organism which had decayed. The branching passages of the earliest chamber are clearly seen through a thin chitinous film, which covers the base of the pad, and leaves no doubt as to the astrorhizid character of the organism. It measures I -20 mm. in diameter. Dendronina papillata is evidently very closely related to Dendronina limosa var. hutnilis (H.-A. & E. 1922, TN, p. 81, pi. ii, figs. 7-9), but diff'ers from it in the spreading character of the basal pad, and by an invariably sessile habit. The species is not uncommon at WS 225 and 242, less frequent at the other stations. The removal of this species from the genus Dijfusilina does not aff^ect our original diagnosis of that genus and its genotype D. hiimilis. Sub-family SACCAMMININAE Genus Psammosphaera, F. E. Schulze, 1875 60. Psammosphaera fusca, Schulze (Plate VIII, figs. 1-4 and Plate XVII, figs. 4-6). Psammosphaera fiisca, Schulze, 1874-5, 1^' P- ^'S' pl- "> ^S- ^■ Psammosphaera fusca, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 249, pi. xviii, figs. 1-8. Psammosphaera fusca, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1912, etc., NSG, 1913, p. i, pis. i-iii. Twenty-nine stations: 230, 388; WS 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 108, 109, 210, 215, 217, 221, 225, 246, 248, 431, 433. The species is generally distributed and often common, and it presents an unusual amount of variation. What may be described as the normally spherical and regularly constructed type occurs at 230 and WS 71, 80, 92, 109. A similar form, but neatly con- structed almost entirely of coarse sand grains occurs at WS 225. Fine material only is employed for a nearly spherical form at WS 84. At WS 210, the species was represented 328 DISCOVERY REPORTS by a single tiny almost spherical specimen. At WS 73, shell fragments are used pro- ducing a highly irregular test. More characteristic of the Falkland area are the very roughly and irregularly formed specimens which are found at WS 76, 77, 79, 83, 84, 108, 215, 217, 221 and 248. These present a most extraordinary dissimilarity, but they all agree in the use of a very limited number of large sand and mineral grains agglomerated by cement, with a central cavity at their points of juncture, the body of the animal thus forming a very minute fraction of the bulk of the organism. Specimens thus incorporating four large sand grains are common, they have been seen with as few as three, or even two grains constituting the " house " (Plate VIII, figs. 3 1-3). In this last stage they approach very closely to the sessile forms which are found at WS 79, 87, 88, 225, 246; these occur both as finely and coarsely constructed forms ; at WS 88 both coarse and fine forms occur together. Genus Proteonina, Williamson, 1858 61. Proteonina difflugiformis (Brady). Reophax difflugiformis, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 51, pi. iv, fig. 3; 1884, FC, p. 289, pi. XXX, figs. 1-5. Proteonina difflugiformis, Rhumbler, 1903, ZRR, p. 245, figs. 80 a, b. Ten stations: 228; WS 76, 77, 90, 99, 108, 210, 215, 217, 433. Not very abundant, the largest and most typical at WS 90, most frequent at WS 433. Very neatly constructed, with much cement at WS 99; very rough and irregular at 228 and WS 217. Genus Thurammina, Brady, 1879 61 A. Thurammina castanea. Heron- Allen and Earland. Thurammina papillata, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 45, pi. v, figs. 4-8; 1884, FC, p. 321, pi. xxxvi, figs. 7-18. Thurammina papillata var. castanea, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1912, etc. NSG, 1917, p. 545, pi. xxvi, figs. 14-18; pi. xxix, fig. 17. One station: 388. A single small specimen, so pauperate that the test is more or less collapsed. Genus Technitella, Norman, 1878 62. Technitella nitida, sp.n. (Plate XVI, fig. 39). One station: WS 531. Test, monothalamous, an elongate oval, broadest below the middle, and narrowing towards the oral end, where there is a large simple aperture surrounded by a slightly thickened and everted lip. In section, roughly circular, but the surface of the dried test has one or two longitudinal depressions probably due to shrinkage. Constructed of fine acerate sponge spicules, mostly unbroken, neatly cemented together with a white cement, in a single layer, so that the spicules lie regularly parallel to the long axis of the SACCAMMININAE 329 test. Surface smooth and without any projecting spicules. Colour, glistening white. Length 1-50 mm.; greatest breadth o-8o mm. This very interesting little form, of which only a single perfect specimen was obtained, appears to occupy a position intermediate between T. legiimen Norman and T. melo Norman. It differs from T. legume n in its regularly oval form, and particularly in the absence of that inner layer of sponge spicules set at right angles to the outer layer which marks the high selective and constructional powers of that species, ^ while agreeing with that species in its superficial neatness and the longitudinal arrangement of the spicules in the external wall. It resembles T. melo in its general form and in the construction of its test in a single layer, but differs from that species in its extraordinary neatness. In T. melo the aboral end of the shell bristles with the projecting ends of the spicules, but in our species the aboral end is as neatly finished as the rest of the shell. Genus Webbinella, Rhumbler, 1903 63. Webbinella hemisphaerica (Jones, Parker and Brady) (Plate VIII, fig. 9). Webbina hemisphaerica, Jones, Parker and Brady, 1866, etc., MFC, 1866, p. 27, pi. iv, fig. 5. Webbina hemisphaerica, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 350, pi. xli, fig. 11. Webbinella hemisphaerica, Rhumbler, 1903, ZRR, p. 228, fig. 54. Two stations: WS 221, 246. A single specimen at each station of the original type, characterized by a high-domed, practically semi-globular test without any marginal extension. The specimen from WS 221 is snow white, that from WS 246 of the more usual dark, ferruginous colour. They differ greatly in appearance from the depressed, outspreading type which has sometimes been figured under this name and which we are now separating, being convinced of the absence of any relationship. 64. Webbinella depressa, sp.n. (Plate VII, figs. 10, 11). Webbinella hemisphaerica, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 51, fig. 56; 1918, etc., FAO, 1918, p. 62, pi. XXV, figs. 1-3 ; 1922, FHB, p. 6. Five stations: WS 93, 221, 225, 245, 246. Test sessile, very slightly convex, flattening towards the periphery which is usually more or less irregular in outline, and rarely circular as in W. hemisphaerica. Constructed of very fine sand grains without visible cement and rather thick walled, the central cavity being quite small. Exterior very smooth and neatly finished ; colour varying from nearly white to dark grey, never ferruginous; no visible aperture. Size very variable, ranging from i-o up to 3-0 mm. in diameter. Common on shell fragments at WS 246, more rarely at the other stations recorded, and probably widely distributed in the Falkland area, wherever conditions are suitable. Cushman {supra, 1922, FHB) records what is evidently the same form from shallow water in Hudson's Bay under the name W. hemisphaerica, but he draws attention to the many points of difference, and evidently regarded his specimens as a distinct organism. 1 H.-A. & E. 1912, etc., NSG, 1912, pp. 382-3, pi. v, fig. i, 2; pi. vi, fig. i. 330 DISCOVERY REPORTS W. depressa is readily distinguished from W. hemisphaerica by (i) its low convexity, (2) its irregular contour, and (3) by the invariable absence of ferruginous cement. The minute sand grains, though firmly agglomerated, are not cemented together, and the test can be opened with a needle point without fracture, an impossibility with the firmly cemented hemisphere of W. hemisphaerica. Genus Tholosina, Rhumbler, 1895 65. Tholosina bulla (Brady). Placopsilina bulla, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 51 ; 1884, FC, p. 315, pi. xxxv, figs. 16, 17. Tholosina bulla, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 49, fig. 55. Five stations: WS 213, 215, 225, 246, 433. The semi-globular type of Brady is a deep-water organism, as evidenced by the shape of the test. No very typical examples occur, the best being at WS 246. 66. Tholosina protea, sp.n. (Plate VIII, figs. 5-8). Five stations: WS 94, 213, 225, 243, 246. Test normally adherent, sometimes becoming detached and assuming the free con- dition, consisting of a single thick-walled chamber composed of very fine sand and mud firmly agglutinated with cement ; surface usually smooth but not polished ; aperture one or more small holes situated at the extremities; shape protean, dependent upon the nature of the surface of attachment. Colour varying from snowy white, which is not uncommon, to nearly black, according to the material employed. Dimensions very variable, ranging up to 2-0 mm., but on an average about i-o mm. in greatest diameter. We have given this name to an organism with which we have long been familiar in dredged material from our own coasts. The Falklands specimens show little difference except in their greater size and abundance. It may be regarded as the shallow- water equivalent of the deep sea T. bulla. In shape it is truly protean, the form of the " house " being governed by the contour of the surface on which it is built. On flat surfaces it is semi-globular, sometimes nearly globular, with difficulty separable from T. bulla. When attached to the stalk of a zoophyte its length may be many times its breadth, and separate individuals are sometimes so closely situated as to give the impression of a multilocular organism. It is possible that the doubtful organism Placopsilina kiiigsleyi, Siddall (S. 1886, LMBC, p. 54, pi. i, fig. i) may have been such a double specimen. The description and figure are poor, and the Type is missing from the Siddall collection now in our possession. A favourite position is in the forking angle of a branching zoophyte, where it becomes attached to both branches and forms a wedge-shaped and irregular "house". It sometimes surrounds a slender branch. Finally, it may become detached and continue a free existence as a more or less rounded object, usually showing traces of its original point of attachment. It is probably abundant where conditions are favourable. Not much of our material was of a suitable nature, but it was common and varied at WS 243. RHABDAMMININAE 331 67. Tholosina vesicularis (Brady). Placopsilina vesicularis, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 51, pi. v, fig. 2; 1884, FC, p. 316, pi. XXXV, figs. 18, 19. Tholosina vesicularis, Rhumbler, 1903, ZRR, p. 227, fig. 53. Seven stations: 235; WS 76, 77, 213, 215, 225, 243. Probably generally distributed wherever conditions are suitable. It often occurs in enormous numbers, particularly at WS 225 and 243, where it encrusts the stones. 68. Tholosina vesicularis var. erecta, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate XVII, figs. 7, 8), Tholosina vesicularis var. erecta, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1929, etc., FSA, 1929, p. 325, pi. i, figs. 7, 8. Six stations: WS 77, 213, 221, 225, 242, 243. The characters of the variety are the same as those given by Brady for the species, but the tubular extensions, instead of being attached to the surface of the stone, are free and project above the organism like factory chimneys. Occasionally the tubes fork, a feature which Brady mentions in connection with the type, but which is, in our experi- ence, very rarely seen. The variety favours depressions and cavities in stones, and is accordingly less convex than the type. In many specimens it forms merely a flat arenaceous membrane enclosing a cavity and surrounded by vertical tubes as shown in fig. 8. The size is variable, but specimens have been seen up to 4 mm. in diameter. T. vesicularis is abundant and widely distributed in the Falkland area, but the variety erecta has so far only been observed at those stations where the presence of many de- composing rock fragments favoured its growth. Probably it occurs in other suitable localities, as fragments of similar tubes have been observed at many stations which, until the discovery of the entire organism, were regarded as fragments of Psammatodendron , Norman. Sub-family RHABDAMMININAE Genus Jaculella, Brady, 1879 69. Jaculella acuta, Brady. Jaculella acuta, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, p. 35, pi. iii, figs. 12, 13; 1884, FC, p. 255, pi. xxii, figs. 14-18. Two stations: WS 99, 217. Single specimens. 70. Jaculella obtusa, Brady. Jaculella obtusa, Brady, 1882, FKE, p. 714; 1884, FC, p. 256, pi. xxii, figs. 19-22. Jaculella obtusa. Goes, 1894, ASF, p. 20, pi. iv, figs. 87-9; pi. v, figs. 90, 91. Two stations: WS 217, 219. A number of coarsely arenaceous specimens at WS 219, and one entirely constructed of spicules at WS 217. 332 DISCOVERY REPORTS Genus Hyperammina, Brady, 1878 71. Hyperammina friabilis, Brady. Hyperammina chngata (pars), Brady, 1878, RRNP, p. 433; 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 32. Hyperammina friabilis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 258, pi. xxiii, figs. 1-3, 5, 6. Seven stations: WS 76, 80, 99, 109, 225, 229, 408. With the exception of single very large specirnens at WS 80 and WS 229, the speci- mens are very small. Most common at WS 109, but the best individuals at WS 80 and 408. 72. Hyperammina elongata, Brady. Hyperammina elongata (pars), Brady, 1878, RRNP, p. 433, pi. xx, figs. 2 a,b; 1884, FC, p. 257, pi. xxiii, figs. 4, 7-10. Hyperammina elongata, Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 328, pi. xiii, fig. 4. Two stations: WS 215, 225. A good many fragments and a few perfect specimens at WS 225. They resemble the specimens figured by Balkwill and Wright {ut supra) in their somewhat roughly and loosely agglutinated tests. 73. Hyperammina laevigata, Wright. Hyperammina elongata var. laevigata, Wright, 1891, SWI, p. 466, pi. xx, fig. i. Hyperammina elongata var. laevigata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 61, fig. 75. Hyperammina laevigata, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1918, p. 77, pi. xxix, fig. 5, 6. Hyperammina elongata var. laevigata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 88. Three stations: WS 215, 408, 433. A perfect specimen at WS 408 and fragments at the other stations. 74. Hyperammina clavigera, sp.n. (Plate VII, figs. 12-15). One station: W'S 246. The test is very neatly constructed, principally of broken sponge spicules, occasionally including a few large sand grains or mineral flakes, and is firmly consolidated with little visible cement. It commences with a swollen proloculum which, owing to the rigid nature of the material employed, is often very irregular in shape and dimensions. The proloculum tapers gradually into a long narrow tube of uniform diameter composed of the same materials. The spicules are arranged either longitudinally or spirally. In the latter case the spiral arrangement tends to produce a curved tube, which in extreme instances may itself exhibit a distinct spiral twist. Length of largest specimen found with proloculum, 3-40 mm. Diameter of tube ranges between o-io and 0-15 mm. Diameter of proloculum ranges between 0-25 and 0-40 mm. Larger fragments without a proloculum have been found, but in its absence cannot be distinguished with certainty from Marsipella cylindrica, Brady. The nearest relative of H. clavigera is possibly H. laevigata, Wright, to which it bears RHABDAMMININAE 333 a general resemblance in size and in the fusiform shape of the proloculum. It is possible that our Falkland form represents merely a variety of H. laevigata possessing selective powers. The only organism with which we are acquainted in any way resembling H. clavigera is H. calcilega, Rhumbler (1906, FLC, p. 24, pi. ii, figs, i, 2 — Saccorhiza calcilega (Rhumbler), C. 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 66, figs, after Rhumbler) from Laysan in the Pacific Ocean. Rhumbler 's species, however, has a bulbous proloculum and the tube coated with projecting sponge spicules, thereby indicating its affinity with H. ramosa, Brady. It difl^ers much in appearance from the neatly finished Falkland species. 75. Hyperamminanovae-zealandiae, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate VIII, figs. 10, 11). TcchnitcUa mestayeri, Cushman, 1919, RFNZ, p. 595, pi. 74, fig. 4. Hypcrommina novae-zealandiae, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 89, pi. iii, figs. 1-5. Two stations: WS 225, 246. At WS 225 which is on the Continental Shelf to the north-west of the Falkland Islands and at WS 246, which is just oft' the Continental Shelf to the south, a number of specimens, mostly broken, were obtained of this interesting form. Among the frag- ments, both megalo- and microspheric forms occur, and the shell structure is charac- terized by the same selective powers as described by us ut supra. The test is almost entirely constructed of spicules in a double layer. The Falkland specimens must have been very much larger than those from New Zealand, as several fragments of the micro- spheric form attain the maximum size observed there, and one fragment is over 10 mm. in length. The absence of the species from the other gatherings is rather noteworthy. 76. Hyperammina malovensis, sp.n. (Plate VIII, figs. 12-14). One station: WS 88. Test consisting of a slightly curved unseptate tube, with thin walls neatly built of very fine grey sand, in which much larger mineral grains are incorporated irregularly, but so as to preserve the smooth exterior of the tube. The walls being so thin, these larger sand grains project into the interior of the tube which is rough and irregular. The diameter of the test is fairly uniform throughout, but occasional specimens exhibit a tendency to form a bulbous swelling at about mid-length. The proloculum is not swollen, the initial end of the tube and sometimes both ends being closed with a " stopper" of material similar to that used for the walls. Colour dark grey-brown. Length unknown, the largest fragment 6 mm. A good many fragments, but no perfect specimens, were found at WS 88. The organism is distinctive and its exact relationships are rather puzzling. The bulbous swelling in the tube would suggest Rhabdammina linearis, Brady, but the closed end of the tube forbids its inclusion in that genus. On the other hand it has few points in common with Hyperammina except this closed tube. The general texture of the wall and the nature of the proloculum make H. elongata, Brady, its nearest relative. 6-2 334 DISCOVERY REPORTS Genus Psammatodendron, Norman, 1881 77. Psammatodendron indivisum, sp.n. (Plate VII, fig. 16). Three stations: WS 92, 213 (fragments ?), 243. Test consists of a long, unbranching, very narrow thin-walled tube emerging from a rather large depressed circular primordial chamber. The tube increases slightly in diameter in the course of its growth and is composed of extremely minute sand grains mixed with cement, pale brown in colour, flexible in life, rather brittle in dried speci- mens. Aperture simple at the termination of the tube, which is here apparently some- what constricted. Average length of tube 1-50 mm. Average diameter of primordial base 0-25 mm. A few examples only of this little organism have been found attached to stones, etc. It is probably not uncommon, if specially searched for, but is not easily detected among other sessile organisms. P. indivisum differs from the genotype P. arborescens (B. 188 1, HNPE, p. 98) in its unbranching habit and large depressed primordial chamber. It might perhaps be assumed that the unbranching specimens found were merely young individuals of P. arborescens, but in that case it would be expected that plentiful fragments of the branching colonies would be found in the dredged material. This is not the case, nothing suggesting a branched fragment of P. arborescens has been seen. The depressed shape of the primordial chamber of P. indivisum is also very characteristic. Brady figures that of P. arborescens as a bulb, and describes it as a "more or less inflated chamber". From the many examples in our gatherings at Millport, we can say that the primordial chamber of P. arborescens is extremely difficult to find at all. The organism usually starts abruptly with a tubular outgrowth from its surface of attachment. Genus Marsipella, Norman, 1878 78. Marsipella cylindrica, Brady. Marsipella cylindrica, Brady, 1882, FKE, p. 714; 1884, FC, p. 265, pi. xxiv, figs. 20-22. Marsipella cylindrica, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1912, etc., NSG, 1912, p. 3S8, pi. v, figs. 8, 9; pi. vi, figs. 8, 9. Three stations: 228; WS 99, 215. Fragments only. At WS 99 they are larger than usual and built up of sand grains and sponge spicules, whole and broken, irregularly arranged. At 228 the specimens are smaller and almost entirely constructed of spicules neatly cemented together. Genus Rhabdammina, M. Sars, 1869 79. Rhabdammina abyssorum, M. Sars. Rhabdammina abyssorum, M. Sars, 1868, LUHD, p. 248; G. O. Sars, 1871, HP, p. 251. Rhabdammina abyssorum, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 266, pi. xxi, figs. 1-13. One station: WS 225. A single three-rayed specimen, more neatly constructed than is usually the case with the North Sea type, the sand grains being small and almost uniform in size. RHABDAMMININAE 33S 80. Rhabdammina discreta, Brady. RliabdopUura sp. Dawson, 1870-1, G. St L., p. 177, text-fig. 7. Rliabda?ii)iiiiia discreta, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, i88i,p.48; 1884, FC, p. 268, pi. xxii, figs. 7-10. Rhabdammina discreta, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1918, p. 21, pi. xi, fig. i. One station: WS 225. Not uncommon, the specimens rather small. Fragments, probably referable to this species but not in a condition to be determined with certainty, occur at WS 96 and 210. Genus Protobotellina, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1929 81. Protobotellina cylindrica, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate XVH, figs. 9-13). Protobotellina cylindrica, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1929, etc., FSA, 1929, p. 326, pi. ii, figs. 9-13- Eight stations: WS 77, So, 109, 213, 215, 229, 231, 243. Test large, irregularly cylindrical, in the form of an unseptate tube with walls of even thickness, open at one extremity, closed at the other. Colour, dark grey to pale brown. The aboral extremity is abruptly truncated and exhibits no sign of a bulbous proloculum either externally or in section. The oral extremity is generally rounded off, but sometimes rather flattened and outspreading, and is furnished with a round or oval constricted aperture, which is reduced in size or defended by spicules, or larger sand grains pro- jecting from the inner wall. The wall is thick and built of fine sand grains and broken sponge spicules firmly agglutinated, but with little visible cement. The proportions of sand and spicules vary greatly ; in some specimens the spicules predominate. The external surface is smooth and neatly finished. Feeble constrictions and swellings, visible externally, give an impression of internal septa which do not in fact exist. The central tube is unseptate and approxi- mately of the same diameter throughout. Sections occasionally show a constriction of the inner tube due to a thickening of the wall, but these cannot be regarded as primitive or degenerate septa, nor do they coincide with the constrictions of the outer wall. In diameter the tube is about equal to the thickness of its surrounding wall. The inner surface of the tube is extremely rough, owing to the projection of spicules and sand grains larger than those employed in the construction of the outer wall. These spicules and sand grains frequently project almost to the middle of the tube, but never across it, nor do they form a labyrinthic structure in the tube, as in Boiellina labyrinthica. The entire tube is filled with a homogeneous mass of protoplasm, nearly black in colour. The spicules and sand grains projecting from the inner wall are presumably so placed to exclude parasitic worms. These are a source of trouble to most large Foraminifera, and many devices are employed for their exclusion . That it is not entirely effective is proved by our finding a Sipunculid inside a large specimen. Whether such organisms resort to the tubes for food, or for shelter only we cannot say. They are not tube builders. Externally Protobotellina bears considerable superficial resemblance to Botellina labyrinthica, Brady, but a close examination reveals generic differences. The fine sand and spicules, although firmly built into the wall of Protobotellina, can be scraped away 336 DISCOVERY REPORTS with a scalpel, and sections can be ground with little trouble. In Botelliiia the grains are larger and so firmly cemented together as to resist dislodgment without fracture, and sections are very hard to grind. Moreover, BotelUna, on the rare occasions when it has been found perfect, exhibits a bulbous proloculum in strong contrast with Proiobotellina, in which there is no increase in the diameter of the tube at the initial extremity. Sections of the two organisms exhibit a strong contrast between the projecting spicules of ProtoboteUina and the firmly built outgrowths which fill the tube of BotelUna with a labyrinthine core. The affinities of ProtoboteUina are not very evident. While placing it at present near BoteUina on account of general resemblances and its primitive labyrinthic interior, we are not convinced that it lies in any direct relationship to that genus. The friable nature of the shell wall would suggest a connection with Hyperammina but for the absence of a bulbous proloculum, which is even more characteristic of that genus than of BoteUina. P. cyUndrica is widely distributed over the sandy area between the Falkland Islands and the coast of South America, but is probably never very abundant. We have perfect specimens from a number of stations, depths ranging between 150 and 300 m., and fragments from others. The size varies greatly at diff^erent stations, but on the whole averages about 25 mm. in length and 4 mm. in diameter. A specimen from station WS 243 was over zh in. long, and fragments have been seen which suggest even larger dimensions. The finding of living specimens with other Foraminifera and Polyzoa attached to the basal end indicates that the organism lies flat on the surface of the sandy bottom, and does not assume an erect position or attach itself basally to other objects. Genus BoteUina, Carpenter, 1869 81 A. BoteUina labyrinthica, Brady. BotelUna sp. Carpenter, 1869, Proc. Roy. Soc. xviii, p. 444; i.Syo, Cat. of Objects, R.ALS. p. 4, no. 3. BoteUina labyrintliica, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, i88i,p.48; 1884, FC,p. 279,pl.xxix, figs. 8-18. BotelUna labyrinthica, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1920, p. 88, pi. xviii, figs. 1-4. One station: 388. All the specimens are fragmentary and of the small thin-walled form found in shallow water, British dredgings. Family LITUOLIDAE Sub-family LITUOLINAE Genus Reophax, Montfort, 1808 82. Reophax scorpiurus, Montfort. Reophax scorpiurus, Montfort, 1808-10, CS, I, p. 330, 830 genre. Reophax scorpiurus, Brady, 18S4, FC, p. 291, pi. xxx, figs. 12-17. Twenty-two stations : 236; WS 73, 76, 86, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 109, 210, 215, 217, 219, 225, 230, 235' 245, 248,408,433. LITUOLINAE 337 Almost universally distributed. The largest and most typical specimens at WS 97, 225 and 235. Very irregularly formed specimens at WS 76; long and narrow forms at WS 99 and 109. At WS 86, the specimens approach R.pilulifera in the globosity of the final chambers. The tests are nearly always constructed of angular quartz grains, but at WS 245, a black mineral is partially employed, giving a very distinctive appearance to the test. 82 A. Reophax pilulifera, Brady. Reophax pilulifera, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 292, pi. xxx, figs. 18-20. Reophax pihiUf era, Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 217, pi. xli, figs. 5-8. Reophax pilulifer, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 85, figs. 1 12-18. One station: WS 433. A few good specimens. 83. Reophax fusiformis (Williamson). Proteonina fusiformis, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. i, pi. i, fig. i. Reophax fiisifonnis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 290, pi. xxx, figs. 7-1 1. Reophax fusiformis, INIillett, 1898, etc., FM, 1899, p. 253, pi. iv, fig. 11. Four stations : 228 ; WS 92, 99, 408. Rare. The specimens are small, the best being at 228 and WS 408. 84. Reophax dentaliniformis, Brady. Reophax dentalinif orrtiis , Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1 881, p. 49; 1884, FC, p. 293, pi. xxx, figs. 21, 22. Reophax dentaliniformis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 87, fig. 121. One station: 228. A single specimen, as usual employing sponge spicules largely in the construction of its test. 84 A. Reophax nodulosa, Brady. Reophax nodulosa, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 52, pi. iv, figs. 7-8; 1884, FC, p. 294, pi. xxxi, figs. 1-9. Reophax nodulosa, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 87, text-fig. 122. Reophax nodulosa, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 95. One station: WS 433. Fragments of one or two large specimens. 85. Reophax moniliforme, Siddall. Reophax ? sp. Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 328, pi. xiii, fig5. 9, 22-4. Reophax moniliforme, Siddall, 1886, LMBC, p. 54, pi. i, fig. 2. Reophax moniliforme , Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 43, pi. ii, fig. 12. Three stations: WS 86, 88, 92. 338 DISCOVERY REPORTS Two minute specimens at WS 88 and 92, and one rather larger one at WS 86. So far as we are aware this is the first record of the species outside the British Isles, but we have specimens in our collection from the Gulf of St Lawrence (212 fms.). The Falkland Islands specimens, although so small, present all the well-known characters of the species, the bulbous proloculum, the cylindrical test, largely composed of sponge spicules, and the deep ferruginous colour. 86. Reophax flexibilis, Schlumberger (Plate VII, fig. 21). Reophax flexibilis , Schlumberger, 1894, FMAR, p. 243, pi. iii, fig. 10. Two stations: WS 90, 217. A single specimen of fourteen chambers (length 0-40 mm.) at WS 90 and two at WS 217 one of which has seventeen chambers. Schlumberger 's record was from the Bay of Kola, in Arctic Russia. It appears to be nothing more than a non-selective form of/?, scottii (C. 1892, FS, p. 57, pi. i, fig. i) using sand grains instead of mica flakes with the result that the chambers retain their spherical shape instead of collapsing on drying. Occasional specimens are to be found in British gatherings where R. scottii occurs. 87. Reophax distans var. pseudodistans, Cushman (Plate VII, figs. 17-20). Reophax spiculifera, Brady var. pseudodistans, Cushman, 1919, RFNZ, p. 598, pi. 75, fig. i. Reophax spiculifera (pars), Heron- Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 95. Three stations: WS 93, 246, 408. Single chambers built entirely of sponge spicules at WS 93 and WS 408, and many similar isolated chambers at WS 246, together with one or two specimens in which two successive chambers have remained unbroken. These give the clue to the nature of the organism as the individual chambers might otherwise have been regarded as " selective " varieties of Marsipella elojigota, Norman, nearly all the fragments having chambers of great length as compared with their width. Individual chambers range up to 1-50, or even 2-00 mm. in length, against a width of 0-30 to 0-50 mm. The stolon tube between two chambers may be as long as 2-0 mm. The shape of the chambers is naturally dependent on the length of the spicules employed. When the organism uses long unbroken needles the chamber must obviously conform to their rigid line. When shorter or broken fragments are employed, the chambers exhibit a natural tendency to form " beads" connected by stolon tubes. Minute fragments of spicules must be employed in the tapering junction of the chamber and stolon, and this is the weak point in construction which is responsible for the frag- mentary condition in which specimens usually occur, as already noted by Cushman {lit supra). There appears to be a definite point of weakness in the stolon tube at which chambers separate. It is marked by a line of spicule fragments built together at right angles to the main axis of the test and the direction of the other spicules. When moist the test is flexible at these points. We prefer to associate Cushman 's varietal name pseudodistans with Brady's species LITUOLINAE 339 distons of which we regard it as merely a selective form. R. spiculifera, Brady is a very different organism, perhaps a selective form of R. dentaliniformis . 88. Reophax cushmani, nom.nov. (Plate VII, figs. 22-24). Reophax advena, Heron-Allen and Earland {)ion Cushman), 1922, TN, p. 94, pi. iii, figs. 6, 7. One station: WS 246. At WS 246 were found a good many specimens of the very roughly constructed organism, which in our Terra Nova Report {ut supra) we referred tentatively to R. advena, Cushman. The Falkland Islands specimens present the same curious charac- teristic of a loosely constructed and labyrinthine chamber, and are even more roughly constructed. In view of the points of difference to which we then drew attention, we have thought it advisable to separate the Terra Nova and Falkland Islands specimens from R. advena, and have pleasure in associating them with the name of our friend Dr J. A. Cushman. Test free, arenaceous, consisting of 2-4 chambers arranged in a more or less curving line and exhibiting little increase from first to last. Constructed of very large sand grains irregularly built together with quantities of brown cement in which smaller sand grains are plentifully incorporated. In the earlier chambers the particles are firmly built together with a simple cavity. The final chamber in perfect specimens, by contrast, has the sand grains very loosely held together in a labyrinthic mass without much visible cement, which probably represents material collected and in process of building into a new chamber. Length, up to 4-0 mm. Greatest breadth ranges up to 1-50 mm. or even 2-0 mm. Genus Hormosina, Brady, 1879 89. Hormosina globulifera, Brady. Hormosina globulif era, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 60, pi. iv, figs. 4, 5 ; 1884, FC, p. 326, pi. xxxix, figs. 1-6. Hormosina globulifera, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 617, pi. xlvi, fig. 25. Hormosina globulifera, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1920, p. 26, pi. vi, fig. i. One station: WS 210. One large fragment probably representing the initial portion of a megalospheric individual. Genus Haplophragmoides, Cushman, 1910 90. Haplophragmoides canariensis (d'Orbigny). Nonionina canariensis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 128, pi. ii, figs. 33, 34. Haplophragmium canariense, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 310, pi. xxxv, figs. 1-5. Haplophragmium canariense, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1910, NBF, p. 425, fig. 2; 1913, CI, p. 45, pi. iii, fig. 5. Haplophragmoides canariensis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. loi, fig. 149. Twenty-two stations: 48, 51, 388; WS 71, 76, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99, loS, 109, 210, 213, 217, 225, 245. DIV 7 340 DISCOVERY REPORTS Often very common yet at times surprisingly rare. It is most common at stations adjacent to the shores of the islands. The most usual type is a small flat evolute form, neatly constructed, mica flakes being largely used. The micaceous constituent is especi- ally noticeable at WS 92, where the specimens are so thin-walled as to be collapsing. At WS 88 and 95 the specimens attain an unusual size for the area, and there is a complete series ranging from the smallest to the largest, all the specimens being of the flat type. At WS 71 , large specimens with turgid chambers are rare, and the usual small compressed type is common, nothing intermediate between the two being found. It seems probable that the two forms may represent the megalo- and microspheric types ; the Paris Type is missing. 91. Haplophragmoides canariensis var. variabilis (Heron- Allen and Earland). Haplophragmium canaiieiise, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS,p. 223,pl.xl, figs. 12-13. Haplophragmiiim canariense var. variabilis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, ESC, p. 41, pi. vi, figs. 1-3. One station: WS 88. One small specimen in which a biserial mode of growth is adopted in the later chambers. 92. Haplophragmoides crassimargo (Norman). Haplophragmium crassimargo, Norman, 1892, Museum Normaniaiuim, pt. 8, p. 17 (note). Haplophragmium crassimargo, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1910, NBF, p. 424, figs. 3, 4; 1913, FNS, p. 130, pi. X, figs. 5, 6. Twelve stations: WS 83, 87, 97, 98, 99, 109, 210, 215, 217, 219, 225, 248. Nearly all the stations at which the specimens occur lie to the north of the islands. At the stations to the south of the islands the species is extremely rare. The best specimens at WS 97-99 and 109. 93. Haplophragmoides sphaeriloculum, Cushman. Haplophragmoides sphaeriloculum, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 107, fig. 165. Haplophragmium sphaeriloculum, Sidebottom, 1918, FECA, p. 15, pi. ii, figs. 15, 16. Two stations: 228; WS 235. Good specimens at 228, rare and less satisfactory at WS 235. 94. Haplophragmoides scitulum (Brady). Haplophragmium scitulum, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 50; 1884, FC, p. 308, pl.xxxiv, figs. 11-13. Haplophragmium scitulum, Chapman, 1914, FORS, p. 64, pi. iii, fig. 22. Haplophragmoides scitulum, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 103, figs. 153-5. Two stations: WS 88, 408. Very rare, but typical at WS 408. LITUOLINAE 341 95. Haplophragmoides subglobosum (G. O. Sars). Litiiola subglobosum, M. Sars, 1868, LUHD, p. 250; G.O.Sars, 1871, HF, p. 253. Haplophragmium subglobosum, Brady, 1881, HNPE, p. 406. Haplophragttiium latidorsatum {nan Bornemann), Brady, 1884, FC, p. 307, pi. xxxiv, figs. 7, 8, 10, 14. Two stations: 230; WS 408. Very rare, the specimens are small and poorly developed. Genus Ammobaculites, Cushman, 1910 96. Ammobaculites agglutinans (d'Orbigny). Spirolina agglutinans, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 137, pi. vii, figs. 10-12. Haplophragmium agglutinans, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 301, pi. xxxii, figs. 19-26. Ammobaculites agglutinans, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 115, fig. 176. One station : WS 408. Three rather roughly constructed individuals all of an elongate type. The Type of Spirolina agglutinans is missing in Paris. 97. Ammobaculites americanus, Cushman (Plate VIII, figs. 15-17). Haplophragmium fontinense , Brady {non Terquem), 1884, FC, p. 305, pi. xxxiv, figs. 1-4. Ammobaculites americanus, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 117, figs. 184, 185. Eight stations: WS 76, 98, 99, 109, 210, 215, 225, 408. The chief distinction between Cushman's species and Terquem 's H. fontinense appears to be in the size, for the convexity shown in Terquem's figure, to which Cushman draws attention, is not much greater than that often exhibited in his own species. Many of the Discovery specimens are in fact quite strongly curved. The species is neither widely distributed nor very abundant in the Falkland area, but very good specimens are found at WS 76 and 225, identical in fact with Cushman's figure. Equally good at WS 408, but using much finer material with correspondingly increased perfection of finish. Genus Placopsilina, d'Orbigny, 1850 98. Placopsilina cenomana, d'Orbigny (Plate VII, fig. 25). Placopsilina cenomana, d'Orbigny, 1850, etc., PP, vol. 11, 1850, p. 185, no. 758. Placopsilina cenomana, Reuss, 1854, KO, p. 71, pi. xxviii, figs. 4, 5. Placopsilina cenomana, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 315, pi. xxxvi, figs. 1-3. Ten stations: 51 ; WS 76, 77, 91, 92, 93, 225, 243, 246, 248. Generally distributed and often very abundant, notably at WS 225, where the stones and pebbles were encrusted with it. The specimens are of a small, feeble, elongate type such as are found in British seas. One or two larger individuals similar to those found in tropical and sub-tropical seas have been noted, especially at 51. At WS 91, a complete specimen, detached from its support and revealing a chitinous floor was obtained. 342 DISCOVERY REPORTS Placopsi!inaconfus(i,C^i^^T^^^{C- iQiS.etc, FAO, 1920, p. 71, pi. xiv, fig. 6), is based on feeble specimens similar to those found in the Falkland area and figured by Brady (B. 1884, FC, pi. xxxvi, fig. 3) and ourselves. But Cushman's figure, and to some extent his description, appear to us to represent a distinctive organism which does not occur in the Falkland area. It has however been found in some of the Discovery material from the Antarctic area and will be dealt with by us in a subsequent report. Brady's fig. 3 does not in our opinion possess any specific points of difl^erence from the typical P. ceuomana. It represents only a less robust form of growth such as might be expected in a normally tropical species extending its range into colder seas. Sub-family TROCHAMMININAE Genus Ammolagena, Eimer and Fickert, 1899 99. Ammolagena clavata (Jones and Parker). Trochammina irregularis clavata, Jones and Parker, i860, RFAI, p. 304. Webbina clavata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 349, pi. xli, figs. 12-16. Ammolagena clavata, Eimer and Fickert, 1899, AVF, p. 602 (674). One station: WS 225. Two typical specimens. Its absence from other stations is somewhat extraordinary. Genus Tolypammina, Rhumbler, 1895 100. Tolypammina vagans (Brady). Hyperammina vagans, Brady, 1S79, RRC, etc., 1879, p. 33, pi, v, fig. 3; 1884, FC, p. 260, pi. xxiv, figs. 1-9. Tolypammina vagans, Rhumbler, 1903, ZRR, p. 277-8, fig. 125. Nine stations: 51 ; WS 73, 88, 92, 97, 98, 225, 243, 246. This species is generally extremely abundant in any material where stones or any suitable surfaces of attachment occur. Often every little crevice in a pebble contains its specimen. Genus Ammodiscus, Reuss, 1861 loi. Ammodiscus incertus (d'Orbigny) (Plate VIII, figs. 18-20). Operculina incerta, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 49, pi. vi, fig5. 16, 17. Spirillina arenacca, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 93, pi. vii, fig. 203. Ammodiscus incertus, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 330, pi. xxxviii, figs. 1-3. Eight stations: 388; WS 71, 76, 88, 93, 99, 215, 217. All the specimens are very small and far from typical, being rather roughly constructed and almost grey in colour. The coils are seldom flat or so regularly convoluted as is usually the case, and there appears to be a very distinct local form, which, while hardly worth separation as a species, is intermediate between A. incertus and A. gordialis (Plate VIII, fig. 20). The best series is at WS 217, other good ones at WS 76 and 93. TROCHAMMININAE 343 A single specimen of the megalospheric form (A. tenuis, B. 1884, FC, pi. xxxviii, figs. 4-6) at WS 88, consisting of a proloculum and a single coil, and a slightly larger specimen at 388. The entire absence of the megalospheric form at the other stations is noteworthy. The Opercidina incerta of d'Orbigny has always seemed to us to be open to suspicion as an arenaceous form. Neither the figure nor the text give us any suggestion of an agglutinate test, and either might equally well refer to a weather-stained Spirilliiia or Cormispira. We therefore turned to the Paris Type in the hope of settling the question of its nature, only to find ourselves confronted with an apparent blank wall. The tube contains three specimens. It is labelled " SpirilUna incerta (Operculina), Cuba ". None of the three specimens can be recognized as the original of d'Orbigny's figure and they are all unmistakably Cormispira. One is C involvens, Reuss, the second probably the same but bearing striolations (these may be accidental), the third specimen is a narrow-tubed, square-edged form, suggesting C. angigyra, Reuss ; they are all unmistakably fossils. The uncertainty is insoluble until d'Orbigny's original Cuba Type is perhaps identified among the tubes which have become separated from any identifying "boards". Genus Glomospira, Rzehak, 1885 Note. The date of the genus Glomospira is generally given as 1888, in which year the name Ammodiscus [Glomospira) gordialis figures in a list of species (Verh. k. k. geol. Reichanst. Berlin, 30 June, 1888, p. 191). But the genus appears to have been perfectly well defined in Rzehak's paper on certain Oligocene Foraminifera in 1885 {Verh. Naturf. Vereines. Bninn, xxiii (1885), p. 127) in which he separates the piano-spiral from the globular (knauel-formig = ball-of- wool-shaped) forms. 102. Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker) (Plate VIII, figs. 21, 22). Trochaminina squamata gordialis, Jones and Parker, i860, RFAI, p. 304. Ammodiscus aordialis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 333, pi. xxxviii, figs. 7-9. Ammodiscus {Glomospira) gordialis, Rzehak, 1888 (see Note above). Eight stations: 53 ; WS 71, 80, 88, 90, 217, 225, 246. The majority of the specimens are small, grey in colour like A. incertiis, but large ferruginous examples were found at WS 225. It occurs sessile on shell fragments at WS 246. It is never as common as A. incertus, the best (of the grey type) at WS 88. 103. Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker). Trochammina squamata charoides, Jones and Parker, i860, REM, p. 304. Ammodiscus charoides, Prady, 1884, EC, p. 334, p]. xxxviii, fig. 10-16. Glomospira charoides, Rhumbler, 1909, etc., EPE, 1913, p. 422, pi. iv, fig. 8 (1909). One station: WS 86. A single example much eroded at WS 86 344 DISCOVERY REPORTS Genus Trochammina, Parker and Jones, 1859 104. Trochammina squamata, Jones and Parker. Trochammina squamata, Jones and Parker, i860, RFM, p. 304, and table. Trochammina squamata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 50, pi. iii, figs. 7-10. Fourteen stations: 48, 51, 53; WS 71, 77, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 221, 248. Less widely distributed and less abundant than T. ochracea. The best specimens at WS 87, 89, 92 and 93. Its distribution differs thus from that of T. ochracea. At most of the other stations it is represented by few and relatively small individuals. There are a good many specimens, notably at 53, which appear to be intermediate between T. ochracea and T. squamata. Sessile at WS 92, 105. Trochammina rotaliformis, J. Wright, MS. Trochammina inflata (Montagu) var., Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, pi. xiii, figs. 11, 12. Trochammina rotaliformis, J. Wright, MS, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 52, pi. ii, figs. 11-13. Four stations : 388 ; WS 83, 93, 408. The specimens are small. 106. Trochammina glabra, sp.n. (Plate VII, figs. 26-28). Two stations: 388; WS 88. Test free, trochoid, spire somewhat elevated and dome-shaped, consisting of three whorls gradually increasing in diameter, the outer containing eight chambers. All chambers visible on the dorsal side, but the earlier series are often difficult to observe owing to the extreme smoothness of the surface, the slightly curved sutural lines on this side being thin and quite flush. On the ventral side the sutures are depressed and straight and the chambers of the last convolution are quite distinct. They slope inwards to a deeply sunk umbilicus. The aperture is large and loop-shaped on the inner edge of the final chamber. Colour, brown of various shades. Constructed of very fine sandy material with a large proportion of cement, the surface being very smooth and polished. Diameter up to 0-50 mm. Thickness 0-20 mm. This very handsome species was found in some numbers at 388 and WS 88, but not elsewhere. Its nearest ally is T. rotaliformis, J. Wright, which it resembles in form, differing principally in the number of chambers, which in Wright's species are only 4-5 in a whorl. 107. Trochammina ochracea (Williamson). Rotalina ochracea, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 55, pi. iv, fig. 112; pi. v, fig. 113. Trochammina ochracea, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, FG, p. 25, pi. i, fig. 7. Twenty-three stations: 48, 53, 228, 230, 388; WS 71, 77, 79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 108. 213, 221, 245, 408. Almost universally distributed. At southerly stations, WS 84, 87, 88, 89, the species attains fine and typical dimensions. At nearly all the other stations it is represented by comparatively small individuals. Sessile individuals were found at WS 77, 84, 87 and 88. The best specimens were at WS 88, where it was very common. TROCHAMMININAE 345 108. Trochammina inflata (Montagu). Nautilus inflatus, Montagu, 1803-8, TB, Suppl. p. 81, pi. xviii, fig. 3. Trochammina inflata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 338, pi. xli, fig. 4. Three stations: WS 83, 246, 409. A single specimen at each station, none of them quite typical. 109. Trochammina malovensis, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate XVII, figs. 14-19). Trochammina malovensis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1929, etc., FSA, 1929, p. 328, pi. iv, figs. 27-32. Thirteen stations: 48, 51; WS 71, 76, 77, 80, 83, 88, 92, 93, 99, 108, 225. Test free, minute, arenaceous, consisting of numerous chambers arranged in a trochoid spiral of four or five coils. About five chambers in each convolution, neatly constructed of fine sand and sponge spicules with more or less ferruginous cement, the colour of the whole test varying accordingly from white to brown. Sutures flush in early stages, but rather deeply depressed in the last convolution, owing to the rapid inflation of the chambers, which results in a lobulate periphery to the shell. All chambers visible on the superior face, only those of the last convolution on the inferior side, which is deeply excavated in the centre. Aperture a loop-like slit on the inner edge of the final chamber. Dimensions: diameter, o-i6-o-25 mm.; height, 0-12 mm. This pretty little species belongs to the iuflata group. Its nearest allies are probably T. rotaliformis, ]. Wright, a common British species, from which it differs in the greater height of the spire and in the number of chambers, and T. pacifica, Cushman, a very similar but much larger and more coarsely constructed form from British Columbia. It is one of the most characteristic of the Falkland Islands Foraminifera, occurring with more or less frequency at thirteen stations, the best specimens being found at 48 (105 m.) and WS 88 (118 m.). It is named after the Falkland Islands, the " lies Malouines" of d'Orbigny's Voyage dam VAmeriqiie Meridiotiale. It occurs also, and even more fre- quently, in the South Georgia area. no. Trochammina nana (Brady). Haplophragmiiim nanum, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 18S1, p. 50; 1881, HNPE, p. 99, pi. ii, figs. I a~c; 1884, FC, p. 311, pi. xxxv, figs. 6-8. Trochammina nana, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1920, p. 80, pi. xvii, fig. i. One station: 48. A few specimens, including one sessile individual. no A. Trochammina globigeriniformis (Parker and Jones). Lituola nautiloidea var. globigeriniformis, Parker and Jones, 1865, NAAF, p. 407, pi. xv, figs. 46, 47; pi. xvii, figs. 96-8. Haplophragmium globigeriniforme, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 312, pi. xxxv, figs. 10, 11. Trocha?nmina globigeriniformis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. 124, figs. 193-5. One station: WS 433. Very rare but quite typical. 346 DISCOVERY REPORTS 111. Trochammina bradyi, Robertson. Trochammina robertsoni, Brady, 1887, SERF, p. 893. Trochammina robertsoni, Wright, 1891, SWI, p. 469, pi. xx, figs. 4 a, b. Trochammina bradyi, Robertson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, S. 6, vii, p. 3S8. One station : WS 76. One typical specimen. Genus Globotextularia, Eimer and Fickert, 1899 112. Globotextularia anceps (Brady) (Plate VIII, figs. 23, 24). Haplophragmium anceps, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 313, pi. xxxv, figs. 12-15. Haplopliragmiiim anceps. Heron- Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 47, pi. iii, fig. 4. Globotextularia anceps, Eimer and Fickert, 1899, AVF, p. 679 (in the reprints, p. 607), fig. 25. Two stations: WS 88, 217. Good specimens at WS 88, where it was not uncommon ; they are small and of a very neatly constructed type, with three chambers to a convolution. One doubtful specimen at WS 217. Genus Nouria, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914 113. Nouria polymorphinoides, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate VIII, figs. 25, 26). Reophax ampullacea, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1899, p. 253, pi. iv, fig. 9. Nouria polymorphinoides, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1914, p. 376, pi. xxxvii, figs. 1-15; 1915, p. 615. Nouria polymorphinoides, Halkyard, 1919, BIVIB, p. 22, pi. i, figs. 6, 7. Nouria polymorphinoides, Cushman, 1919, RFNZ, p. 601, pi. Ixxv, figs. 4, 5. One station: WS 88. At WS 88 the species is not uncommon and, as usual, it presents a considerable range of form. Most of the variations figured by us in the Kerimba Monograph occur, but the most usual type is the compressed neat form originally described from New Zealand waters. The shell construction however is very different, the New Zealand specimens utilising obsidian flakes almost to the exclusion of other material, whereas the Falkland Islands specimens utilise sand grains, mica and sponge spicules in almost equal propor- tions. The occurrence of this Indo-pacific species in the Falkland area is noteworthy. It will be observed that we give Millett 's Reophax ampullacea as a synonym of N . polymorphinoides . This is the result of an examination of his Types, now in our collec- tion, which are clearly multilocular. It does not necessarily aff'ect the original Types of Brady's R. ampullacea which we have not examined. 113 A. Nouria harrisii, Heron-Allen and Earland. Nouria harrisii, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1914, p. 376, pi. xxxvii, figs. 16-20. Nouria harrisii, Cushman, 1924, SF, p. 10, pi. i, fig. i. One station: 388. LOFTUSINAE— TEXTULARIINAE 347 A single specimen found at St. 388 off Cape Horn is probably referable to our species. It differs from the original types in the absence of the basal anchoring spicules and a lesser display of selective power, the basal half of the test being constructed rather roughly of sand grains and cement, the upper half being constructed of spicules regularly arranged in vertical rows. The specimen figured by Cushman from Samoa {lit supra) has a somewhat similar agglutinate base, but with a single anchoring spicule. Our record marks a wide extension of the range of the species. Sub-family LOFTUSINAE Genus Cyclammina, Brady, 1876 114. Cyclammina cancellata, Brady. Cyclammina cancellata, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 62 (Nautiloid Lttuola); 1884, FC, P- 351. Pl- xxxvii, figs. 8-16. Cyclammina cancellata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1910, p. no, figs. 168-171. Seven stations: 228; WS 76, 99, 215, 245, 408, 433. Occurs in both micro- and megalospheric forms, the latter only at WS 245. The microspheric specimens are very noticeable owing to their grey colour and polished surface, in which a minimum quantity of sand grains are imbedded in fine cement. In rare cases the sand grains are so few in number as to be barely noticeable. At WS 99, specimens of similar construction, but ferruginous in colour, occur; the best examples at WS 215, 433. Family TEXTULARIIDAE Sub-family TEXTULARIINAE Genus Spiroplectammina, Cushman, 1927 115. Spiroplectammina biformis (Parker and Jones) (Plate VIII, figs. 27-31). Textularia agghitinans var. biformis, Parker and Jones, 1865, NAAF, p. 370, pi. xv, figs. 23, 24. Textularia biformis, Brady, 1878, RRNP, p. 436, pi. xx, fig. 8. Spiroplecta biformis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 376, pi. xlv, figs. 25-7. Spiroplectammina biformis, Cushman, 1925, etc., LFR, 1927, ni, p. 23, pi. v, fig. i. Twelve stations: 388; WS 76, 77, 88, 90, 98, 109, 210, 215, 217, 225, 246. Often very common, especially at WS 76. At most of the stations two distinct forms occur, one characterized by a small and outstanding crozier-shaped initial portion followed by a long series of biserial chambers regularly broadening. In the other, the crozier portion is much larger, and it is less prominent because it is immediately followed by a short series of biserial chambers all of approximately the same breadth as the initial spiral. These two forms represent respectively the micro- and megalospheric forms. The Falkland type is as a rule much more compressed than the usual run of specimens in northern waters. Highly compressed specimens at WS 88, 90, 98 and 246. At WS 217, where the species is common, the microspheric form predominates. 348 DISCOVERY REPORTS Genus Textularia, Defrance, 1824 116. Textularia agglutinans, d'Orbigny. Textularia agglutinans, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 144, pi. i, figs. 17, 18, 32-4. Textularia agglutinans, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 363, pi. xliii, figs. 1-3 ; vars. figs. 4, 12. Two stations : 388 ; WS 408. One large specimen at 388 and a very small one at WS 408. 117. Textularia candeiana, d'Orbigny. Textularia candeiana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 143, pi. i, figs. 25-7. Textularia candeiana, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 627, pi. xlvii, figs. io-i6. Two stations : 388 ; WS 83 . A single specimen at each station. 118. Textularia abbreviata, d'Orbigny. Textularia abbreviata, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 249, pi. xv, figs. 7, 8, 10-12. Textularia abbreviata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 191 1, p. 14, fig. 20. One station: WS 217. A single specimen identical with the Type in Paris. 19. Textularia gramen, d'Orbigny. Textularia gramen , d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 248, pi. xv, figs. 4-6. Textularia gramen, Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 332, pi. xiii, figs. 13, 14. Two stations : 388 ; WS 92. Only a few specimens. The Paris Type is missing. 120. Textularia fusiformis, Chaster. Textularia fusifortnis. Chaster, 1892, FS, p. 58, pi. i, fig. 3. Textularia fusiformis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 623; 1916, FWS, p. 229. Three stations: WS 77, 88, 217. Single specimens at WS 77 and 88 and several at WS 217. They are all rather more compressed than is usual, but otherwise agree with Chaster's Types in our collec- tion. The species, though never very common, is widely distributed, and we have specimens from localities as widely separated as the Barentz Sea and Tahiti. Genus Verneuilina, d'Orbigny, 1840 121. Verneuilina ad vena, Cushman. Verneuilina poly stropha, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 55, pi. iv, figs. 3-5. Verneuilina advena, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 57, pi. ix, figs. 7-9. Vertieuilina pusilla, Heron-Allen and Earland {nan Goesj, 1920, VP {passim), pi. xvi, fig. 11, pi. xvii, figs. 12, 13. Verneuilina advena, Cushman, 1921, FHB, p. 141 (no pis.). Five stations: WS 71, 83, 88, 93, 433. BULIMININAE 349 Single specimens only, all of the short form as figured by us (fig. 13), in 1920 lit supra. The texture of the shell is somewhat coarser than is usually the case, but we have met with British specimens of similarly rough construction. Cushman's species is based upon the "minute type" which we figured first from Clare Island in 1913, and subse- quently (in 1920) identified as V.pusilla, Goes. Cushman states (C. 1910, etc., FNP, 191 1, p. 57) that he has examined the Types of Goes, and finds that they do not fit his description or figures at all well. He regards the Types as specimens of V. polystropha (Reuss). As the dimensions given by Goes for V. ptisilla (length o-5o-o-66 mm.) are very much greater than those of our form (o- 17-0-30 mm.) we feel compelled to abandon the attribution to J', pusilla and to accept the new specific name. Genus Valvulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 122. Valvulina conica, Parker and Jones. J'alviilina triangularis, Parker and Jones, 1857, FCN, p. 295, pi. xi, figs. 15, 16. Valvulina triangularis var. conica, Parker and Jones, 1865, NAAF, p. 406, pi. xv, fig. 27. Valvulina conica, Brady, 18S4, FC, p. 392, pi. xlix, figs. 15, 16. Two stations : WS71, 88. A single very small specimen from WS 71, and another at WS 88. Sub-family BULIMININAE Genus Bulimina, d'Orbigny, 1826 123. Bulimina pupoides, d'Orbigny. Buliwina pupoides, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 185, pi. xi, figs. 11, 12. Bulimina pupoides, Terrigi, 1880, SGP, p. 193, pi. ii, fig. 30. Tliree stations: 230; WS 89, 221. Rare everywhere. The best at WS 89. 124. Bulimina fusiformis, Williamson. Bulimina pupoides var . fusiformis , Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 63, pi. v, figs. 129, 130. Bulimina fusiformis, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1900, p. 275, pi. ii, fig. 2. Five stations: WS 89, 90, 97, 215, 217. Very good specimens at WS 90, less typical at WS 215, 217. 125. Bulimina ovata, d'Orbigny. Bulimina ovata, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 185, pi. xi, figs. 13, 14. Bulimina ovata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 400, pi. 1, fig. 13. Three stations: 228, 235; WS 217. Very rare, but fine specimens at each station. 8-2 3SO DISCOVERY REPORTS 126. Bulimina ovula, d'Orbigny (Plate VIII, fig. 32). Biilimiiia ovula, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 51, pi. i, figs. 10, 11. Bulimina ovula, Cushman, 1927, FWCA, p. 150, pi. ii, fig. 10. Bulimina ovula, Cushman, 1925, etc., LRF, 1926, 11, p. 55, pi. vii, fig. 2. Two stations: WS 76, 99. A single specimen at WS 76, probably referable to d'Orbigny's species, which was originally recorded from the Peruvian coast. Two large and typical specimens at WS 99. The Type was not to be found in Paris. 127. Bulimina elegans, d'Orbigny. Bulimina elegans, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 270, no. 10, Modele no. 9. Bulimina elegans, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 398, pi. 1, figs. 1-4. Three stations : WS 90, 92, 95. Never common and none of the specimens very typical. The chambers are, as a rule, somewhat inflated and with a tendency to form cusps approaching B. marginata. 128. Bulimina elegans var. exilis, Brady. Bulimina elegans var. exilis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 399, pi. 1, figs. 5, 6. Bulimina elegans var. exilis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 234, pi. xli, figs. 4-9. One station: WS 210. A single specimen, not very typical. 129. Bulimina marginata, d'Orbigny. Bulimina marginata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 269, no. 4, pi. xii, figs. 10-12. Bulimina pupoicles var. marginata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 62, figs. 126, 127. Bulimina marginata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 405, pi. li, figs. 3-5. Seven stations: 48; WS 83, 84, go, 92, 210, 245. Rare. The best at WS 83 and 90. There is, as usual, a tendency to run into B. acideata. 130. Bulimina patagonica, d'Orbigny (Plate VIII, figs. 33, 34). Bulimina patagonica, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 50, pi. i, figs. 8, 9. Bulimina patagonica, Cushman and Wickenden, 1929, FJF, p. 8, pi. iii, fig. 11. Three stations: WS 86, 90, 248. Rare, excepting at WS 248, and never very typical. D'Orbigny records it as "very rare" from the Bay of St Bias in Patagonia. The specimens figured by Cushman and Wickenden {lit supra) do not appear to have much in common with d'Orbigny's species. His Type is not to be found in Paris. 131. Bulimina aculeata, d'Orbigny. Bulimina aculeata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 269, no. 7. Bulimina aculeata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 406, pi. li, figs. 7-9. Bulimina aculeata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 191 1, p. 86, fig. 139. Four stations: 51 ; WS 80, 88, 89. Represented by a few specimens only, the best at WS 80 and 89. BULIMININAE 351 132. Bulimina inflata, Seguenza. Biilimina inflata, Seguenza, 1862, RFC, p. 109 (p. 25 in the reprint), pi. i, fig. 10. Bulimina inflata, Schwager, 1866, FKN, p. 246, pi. vii, fig. 91. Three stations: 236; WS 408, 433. Single typical specimens at the two former stations; common at WS 433. 133. Bulimina minutissima, Wright. Bulimina minutissima, Wright, 1902, GFL, p. 190, pi. xiii, figs. 9-12. Bulimina minutissima, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 62, pi. iv, figs. 11, 12. One station: WS 71. A single specimen. The occurrence of this well-marked little species so far from its original locus of origin is very remarkable. 134. Bulimina subteres, Brady. Bulimina subteres, Brady, 1879, RRC, etc., 1881, p. 55; 1S84, FC, p. 403, pi. 1, figs. 17, 18. Bulimina subteres, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 62, pi. iv, figs. 13, 14. Three stations : 388 ; WS 88, 93. Very large and fine specimens at 388 and WS 88. 135. Bulimina elegantissima, d'Orbigny (Plate VIII, figs. 35-37). Bulimina elegantissima, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 51, pi. vii, figs. 13, 14. Bulimina elegantissima, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 64, figs. 134, 135. Three stations : 53 ; WS 89, 90. Never abundant. The best specimens at WS 89. They are as a rule less pointed at the aboral extremity than is shown in d'Orbigny 's figure. The Type was not to be found in Paris. 136. Bulimina seminuda, Terquem (Plate VIII, figs. 38-41). Bulimina seminuda, Terquem, 1882, FEP, p. 117, pi. xii (xx), fig. 21. Bulimina elegantissima var. seminuda, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 403, pi. 1, figs. 23, 24. Eight stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93. The best specimens at WS 87 and 88, where it was quite common and exhibited a great range of size. The surface is as a rule absolutely smooth, the sutural lines being hardly visible. At WS 71 and 87, several specimens seem, from the appearance of the final chamber, to have been in a plastogamic condition, or to have undergone the process of budding. No specimens actually seen in either condition, except at 388 where two very fine plastogamic pairs were found. 137. Bulimina auricula, sp.n. (Plate IX, figs, i, 2). One station: WS 88. Test minute, white, consisting of 2\ convolutions only, of which the final convolution forms almost the entire bulk of the shell. This final convolution consists of five chambers 352 DISCOVERY REPORTS increasing rapidly in size and breadth . Sutures thick and distinct , very slightly depressed. Terminal face of final chamber large and flattened, furnished with pleated depressions running from the outer edge to the inner margin, where the aperture is situated in a slight depression. Length, 0-24 mm. ; breadth of oral face, o-i8 mm. Although only a single specimen was found, it presents such characteristic features as to deserve specific mention. It belongs to the group B. semimido with which, however, it cannot be confused. Its nearest ally is B. oiiriadata Terquem (T. 1882, FEP, p. 115, pi. xii, fig. 14), which, however, is more elongate, has flush sutures and an entirely diff^erent oral face. Terquem's specific name, it may be pointed out, had been antici- pated by Bailey as far back as 1851 for a very different form (B. 1851, SAC, p. 12, pi. O, figs. 25-27). Genus Virgulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 138. Virgulina schreibersiana, Czjzek. Virgulina schreibersiana, Czjzek, 1848, FWB, p. 147, pi. xiii, figs. 18-21. Virgulina piipoides var. compressa, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 63, fig. 131. Nineteen stations: 51, 228, 230; WS 76, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 98, 99, 210, 215, 221, 225, 245, 248. Often very common and almost universally distributed. The best specimens and most numerous were obtained from WS 86 and 248. There is, as usual, a considerable amount of variation, a long narrow form, and a shorter, broader form with fewer, but more inflated chambers, which occurs with the type at most stations where it is abundant. They presumably represent the megalo- and microspheric types. 139. Virgulina schreibersiana var. spinosa, var.n. (Plate IX, figs. 3, 4). Two stations: 230, 236. At 230 and 236 (close together between Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands) a variety occurs sparingly, distinguished by the upper outer marginal edge of the cham- bers being drawn out into a sharp incurved point or cusp, somewhat resembling the awns on a grass seed. The shell is remarkably thin-walled, showing iridescent colours at 236, and this variation may be due to depauperation of the type, which is normally rather robustly built at 230. At 236, the type was conspicuous by its absence. The variety bears considerable resemblance to V. schreibersiana var. margi?iata, Heron-Allen and Ear- land, described and figured by us in 1922 from South Nigeria {Geol. Survey of S. Nigeria, Bull. no. 3, 1922, Appendix, p. 142, pi. xii, figs. 4 a, b), but the cusps are much more conspicuous and strongly developed in the Falkland specimens than in that variety. 140. Virgulina subsquamosa, Egger. Virgulina subsquamosa, Egger, 1857, MSO, p. 295, pi. xii (pi. viii in the reprint), figs. 19-21. Virgulina subsquamosa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 415, pi. Hi, figs. 10, 11. Two stations: 228, 230. BULIMININAE 353 At these stations, typical specimens of the original compressed type of Egger occur. His records are mainly from the South Pacific Ocean. 141. Virgulina bradyi, Cushman. Virgulina subsquamosa, Brady (non Egger), 1884, FC, p. 415, pi. lii, figs. 9 a-c (? 7, 8). Virgulina bradyi, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 115, pi. xxiv, fig. i. Seven stations: 236; WS 77, 86, 221, 248, 408, 433. Moderately common. Cushman has separated the sub-cylindrical and few-chambered forms figured by Brady {lit supra) from the compressed and more regularly disposed type originally figured by Egger {ut supra, No. 140) on what appear to be sufficient grounds, as the two forms do not always occur in company in our material. Genus Spiroplectoides, Cushman, 1927 142. Spiroplectoides rosula (Ehrenberg) (Plate IX, figs. 5, 6). Spiroplecta rosula, Ehrenberg, 1854, AI, 11, Index, p. 24, pi. xxxii, fig. 26. Textularia complexa, Brady, 1865, RFND, p. loi, pi. xii, fig. 6. Spiroplecta demersa, Ehrenberg, Abh. k. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1872, p. 294; 1873, LMT, p. 391, pi. vii, fig. 26. Spiroplectoides rosula, Cushman, LFR, 1927, ni, p. 114, pi. xxiii, figs. 6, 7. One station: WS408. Several good specimens. The records of this species are very few, but the discovery of specimens in such a distant locality as the Falkland Islands may indicate that it is widely distributed, and that its very minute size may be the reason for the paucity of the records. We give S. demersa as a synonym doubtfully ; the construction of the shell is not given by Ehrenberg, though the colour is stated to be yellow, suggesting an arenaceous shell, but the figure is clearly hyaline. The identity of Textularia complexa is also not above suspicion if the dimensions given by Brady (length ^ inch) are correct. S. rosula is only about one-third of this length. Genus Bolivina, d'Orbigny, 1839 143. Bolivina punctata, d'Orbigny. Bolivina punctata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 63, pi. viii, figs. 10-12. Bolivina punctata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 417, pi. lii, figs. 18, 19. Twenty-two stations : 48, 228, 236 and WS 71,77, 78,79,83,86,88,89,90,92, 93,97, 215, 217, 221,245,248,408,433. Universally distributed, often very common. Both megalo- and microspheric forms are represented, the best specimens at 236 and WS 83, 93, 217, 221 and 408. At some of these stations, the specimens are very large and remarkably hyaline. The Paris "Amerique meridionale" Type tube contains only a single small specimen: it is quite opaque and the punctation is consequently not obvious, but it agrees on the whole with his figure. 354 DISCOVERY REPORTS 144. Bolivina textilarioides, Reuss. Bolivina textilan'uicies, Reuss, 1862, NHG, p. 81, pi. x, fig. i. Bolivina textilarioides, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 419, pi. Hi, fig. 23 (only). Bolivina textilarioides, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 238, pi. xli, figs. 10-14. Eleven stations: 53, 235, 236; WS 79, 83, 87, 89, 90, 93, 97, 433. Never very common and never quite typical. At most of the stations the species is represented by a rough and thick-walled variety very similar to that figured by us {tit supra). At 235 and WS 87, 90, this roughness is confined to the upper margin of the chambers, approaching the form separated by Cushman under the specific name spinescens. 145. Bolivina spinescens, Cushman (Plate IX, figs. 7, 8). Bolivina textilarioides, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 419, pi. Hi, figs. 24, 25. Bolivina spinescens, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1900, p. 542, pi. iv, fig. 5. Bolivina spinescens, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1911, p. 46, fig. 76. Three stations: 235, 236; WS 433. At these stations, the variation referred to under the last species reaches its maximum development, and specimens unquestionably referable to Cushman 's species are found, common at WS 433. 146. Bolivina robusta, Brady. Bolivina robusta, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 57; 1884, FC, p. 421, pi. liii, figs. 7-9. Bolivina robusta, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 46, pi. vi, fig. 6. Eight stations: WS 79, 83, 88, 97, 109, 210, 217, 245. Rare, and as a rule rather pauperate. Good specimens at WS 97, and others, less typical, at WS 210, 217, 245. 147. Bolivina compacta, Sidebottom. Bolivina compacta, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RED, 1905, p. 15, pi. iii, fig. 7. Bolivina compacta, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 191 1, p. 36, fig. 58. Two stations : 388 ; WS 88. Several good specimens at each station. 148. Bolivina dilatata, Reuss. Bolivina dilatata, Reuss, 1849-50, EOT, p. 381, pi. iii (xlviii), fig, 15. Bolivina dilatata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 191 1, p. 33, fig. 54. Seven stations: WS 79, 80, 88, 90, 92, 99, 408. At many stations the specimens are rather poor, but excellent and typical individuals occur at WS 88, smaller and less typical at WS 90 and 92. 149. Bolivina difformis (Williamson). Texttilaria variabilis var. dijformis, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 77, pi. vi, figs. 166, 167. Bolivina difformis, Brady, 1887, SBRF, p. 899. Five stations: 48; WS 90, 92, 99, 408. BULIMININAE 355 Rare. All the specimens are poorly developed, especially as regards the marginal spines so characteristic of British specimens. 150. Bolivina variabilis (Williamson). Textiilaria variabilis (typica), Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 76, pi. vi, figs. 162, 163 (incorrectly numbered 161 and 162 on the plate). Bolivina variabilis, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 49, pi. iv, fig. 3. Fifteen stations: 48, 51, 53, 228; WS 71, 77, 83, 89, 90, 91, 92, 221, 245, 408, 409. Often common, and, as in British gatherings, subject to a good deal of variation in the smoothness of the external shell, which tends imperceptibly in the direction oiB.pseudo- plicata. The best examples at WS71, 83, 221. At this last station some specimens exhibited curvature of the long axis. 151. Bolivina pseudo-plicata, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate IX, figs. 9-1 1). Bolivina plicata, Brady, 1870, FTR, p. 302, pi. xii, figs, -j a,b {non d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 62, pi. viii, figs. 4-7). Boliziiia plicata, Halkyard, 1889, RFJ, p. 65, pi. i, fig. 13. Bolivina pseudo-plicata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930, FPD, p. 81, pi. iii, figs. 36-40. Bolivina plicatella, Cushman, 1930, FCFF, p. 46, pi. viii, fig. 10. Bolivina plicatella, Cushman and Parker, 1931, ACSA, p. 15, pi. iii, fig. 19. Twelve stations: 48, 51 ; WS 71, 77, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 99, 221, 409. Fairly frequent at the stations where it occurs and quite indistinguishable from British specimens. Like them it presents considerable range of form, two well-marked types predominating, long and narrow and short and broad respectively. These probably represent the megalo- and microspheric forms. The best specimens at 48 and WS 88, 90, 92 and 221. (See p. 302.) 152. Bolivina inflata, Heron-Allen and Earland. Bolivina inflata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 68, pi. iv, figs. 16-19; 1915, FKA, p. 648; 1916, FSC, p. 43; 1916, FWS, p. 240. Bolivina inflata, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 35, pi. ix, figs. 1-4. Nine stations: 51, 388; WS 77, 83, 88, 90, 92, 93, 221. Very rare, the best at WS 92, 93 and 221. 153. Bolivina malovensis, sp.n. (Plate IX, figs. 12-15). Twelve stations: 228, 230, 388; WS 71, 83, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 221, 408. Test compressed, cuneate, broadening rather rapidly at the oral extremity. Con- taining from 8 to 10 pairs of parallel-sided chambers increasing regularly in size. The apex is bluntly rounded, with visible proloculum in the megalospheric stage, more pointed in the microspheric. Marginal edge thick and rounded, straight at first, becoming slightly lobulate towards the aperture. Aperture normal. Sutures distinct, slightly depressed; surface smooth but not polished, sometimes slightly frosted or 3s6 DISCOVERY REPORTS roughened. Colour nearly white but the earlier chambers are often brownish. The perforations are extremely minute. Length, o-27-o-3i mm.; breadth, o-ii-o-i2 mm.; thickness, o-o6 mm. The distribution of B. malovensis appears to be confined to the southern area of the Falklands. It is not uncommon at those stations where it occurs, the best of the specimens being recorded from WS 71 , 88 and 89. There is little variation except in the lobulation of the edge and the slightly roughened surface.. 154. Bolivina cincta, sp.n. (Plate IX, fig. 16-18). Fourteen stations: 228, 230, 235, 236; WS 76, 88, 93, 97, 221, 245, 248, 408, 409, 433. Test leaf-shaped, the length being usually about double the breadth; compressed on both sides, consisting of about 5-7 pairs of flattened chambers separated by very strongly limbate sutural lines; marginal edge somewhat thickened, broad and flat, slightly recessed at each chamber; surface of the chambers between the limbate sutures, roughened and opaque, becoming smooth and more translucent in the final chambers. Aperture a large slit on the final chamber. Colour dirty white, opaque except at oral end. Length, 0-25 mm.; breadth, 0-15 mm.; thickness, 0-03 mm. This little species is widely distributed in the Falkland area but never very common. Most numerous and best at 228 and WS 245 and 408. Two distinct forms varying in length and breadth are found at most stations ; the short, broad form is mostly about half the size of the larger, narrower form. There is no difl^erence in their external appearance, and the proloculum is apparently identical. There is a certain amount of variation in the strength of the limbation, which may entirely disappear from the later chambers, but the species is, as a whole, very uniform and characteristic. 155. Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett). Textidaria rhomhoidalis, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1899, p. 559, pi. vii, fig. 4. Textidaiia rhomboidalis, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1905, p. 8, pi. ii, figs. 2, (?)3. Bolivina rhomboidalis, Cushman, 1922, FTR, p. 28. One station: 51. A single typical specimen was found at 51 which is close to the north shore of the islands. Its presence is difficult to account for, as it is believed that the precautions taken to prevent fouling of sieves are sufficient to ensure it not having been derived from a distant locality. The species is of frequent occurrence in the tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific region, in the Mediterranean, and more rarely in the West Indies and tropical Atlantic. Genus Bifarina, Parker and Jones, 1872 156. Bifarina porrecta (Brady). Bolivina porrecta, Brady, 1879, ^^c., RRC, 1881, p. 57; 18S4, FC, p. 418, pi. Hi, fig. 22. Bolivina (Bifarina) porrecta, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 39, pi. vii, fig. 2. Two stations: WS 408, 531. A single good specimen of this common North Atlantic form at each station. CASSIDULININAE 357 Sub-family CASSIDULININAE Genus Cassidulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 157. Cassidulina laevigata, d'Orbigny. Cassidulina laevigata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 282, no. i, pi. .xv, figs. 4, 5. Cassidulina laevigata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 68, pi. vi, figs. 141, 142. Cassidulina laevigata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 428, pi. liv, figs. 1-3. Twenty-eight stations: 48, 51, 53, 228, 230, 235, 236, 388; WS 71, 73, 77, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 97, 99, 215, 217, 221, 245, 248, 40S, 409, 433. Curiously rare and small at most stations, but becoming more common and larger at the stations to the north of the Falkland Islands. The best specimens and most numerous were found at 230, 235, 236 and WS 433, notably the last, where it was very common. Also at WS 86, 87 and 408 on the Burdwood Bank. The Paris Type is missing. 158. Cassidulina pulchella, d'Orbigny (Plate IX, figs. 19-21). Cassidulina pulchclla, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 57, pi. viii, figs. 1-3. Cassidulina pulchella, Cushman, 1927, FWCA, p. 166, pi. vi, fig. i. Thirteen stations: 388; WS 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 219, 245, 248, 408. This is one of the species figured in d'Orbigny's Amerique Meridiotiale, but, curiously enough, he records it only from the Peruvian Coast, where it is, he says, " uncommon ". How he can have failed to find it in the Falkland Islands material is not easily under- stood, as it is fairly generally distributed and quite typical. The best specimens occur at WS 86-88. At some of the other stations, notably WS 90, 93 and 95, the specimens are very small. D'Orbigny's figure is rather misleading, the peripheral edge showing a broken line due to the recurvature of the posterior edge of the chambers, but in our specimens, and in the Types in Paris, there is no sign of this, the periphery being rounded and unbroken. 159. Cassidulina nitidula (Chaster). Pulvinulina nitidula. Chaster, 1892, FS, p. 66, pi. i, fig. 17. Pulvinulina nitidula, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1909, p. 9, pi. iv, fig. 2. Cassidulina nitidula, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 70, pi. v, figs. 6-9. Two stations: 388; WS 88. One specimen at 388 and two excellent specimens at WS 88. This little species appears to have a world-wide distribution, although owing to its small size it is probably often overlooked. 160. Cassidulina crassa, d'Orbigny (Plate IX, figs. 26-33). Cassidulina crasso, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 56, pi. vii, figs. 18-20. Cassidulina crassa, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 213, pi. xxi, figs. 42, 43. Cassidulina crassa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 429, pi. liv, figs. 4, 5. Cassidulina crassa, Faure-Fremiet, 1913-14, FMAF, 1913, p. 263, fig. 6 (c); 1914, p. 5, pi. O, fig- 7. 9-2 3s8 DISCOVERY REPORTS Forty stations : 48, 51, 228, 230, 236, 388 ; WS 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 108, 109, 210, 213, 217, 219, 221, 225, 245, 246, 248, 408, 409, 433. Universally distributed and, at certain stations, forming a considerable proportion of the whole bulk of the material. The species is evidently polymorphic, as two, or perhaps three, very distinct forms occur at most of the stations in company. The first is a large form which is the true d'Orbignyan Type as verified in Paris, although it is much less delicate than his figure suggests, the markings being as a rule rather obscure (Plate IX, figs. 26-28, 32, 33). It agrees in size with the d'Orbignyan dimensions, " Diam. i mm." The test is thick- walled, opaquely white, the sutural lines nearly flush, sometimes quite invisible, the peripheral edge generally showing no lobulation. Sections reveal both megalo- and microspheric forms, there being little observable external difference, save as regards size, the microspheric form being larger than the megalospheric, and generally flatter. The second form is quite small as compared with the foregoing, rarely attaining one- fifth of its dimensions (Plate IX, figs. 29-31). It is thin-walled, very hyaline and the chambering is clearly visible as in d'Orbigny's figure, the peripheral edge being slightly lobulate, as he describes it to be. We have not been able to cut sections of this form, but owing to certain differences in size and external characteristics which we have observed in a series of specimens, we have every reason to believe that both micro- and megalo- spheric specimens occur in this small form as well. This smaller form is the type which has been usually met with by us in gatherings practically all over the world. The large type on the other hand we have only met with in high latitudes both north and south, so it is presumably confined to colder waters. A third form, which may be described as intermediate, is in size from three to four times the diameter of the small form, and partakes of the external characters of the large form, of which it is probably an immature or pauperate stage, though it is occasionally found at stations where the large form is not recorded, viz. 51 and WS 86, 89, 98, 213, 217, 225. At stations 228, 230, 236, and WS 95, 221, 408, 409, only the small form was found, and few and poor specimens at that. As these stations are widely separated, we can offer nothing in explanation. 161. Cassidulina crassa var. porrecta, var.nov. (Plate IX, figs. 34-37). Eleven stations: 388; WS 76, 83, 84, 88, 89, 91, 93, 97, 210, 225. At many of the stations where the large type of C. crassa occurs, there is a tendency to a form of variation characterized by the drawing out of the final chamber into a more or less produced terminal portion. The variation is unquestionably a form of senile deterioration, as it affects only the last few chambers of large and mature specimens. No young individuals with drawn-out final chambers were observed. Seen by itself the variety would be sufficiently striking to warrant a separate specific name, but there is no doubt that it is merely a local and senile variation. The best and most characteristic specimens occur at stations WS 83 and 91 and especially at 388. At first sight the variety recalls Cassidulina braziliensis , Cushman (C. 1918, etc., FAO, 1922, p. 130, pi. xxv, CASSIDULININAE 359 figs. 4, 5) so far as his fig. 5 is concerned, but it appears to be quite distinct. C. brazi- liensis has a thin and translucent wall with very clear sutures and its length is only °"35~°'4° mm. as compared with an average o-8omm. in our variety which has thick, opaque walls and indistinct sutures. Length, 0-75-0-82 mm. ; breadth, o-6o-o-62 mm. ; thickness, 0-35 mm. 162. Cassidulina subglobosa, Brady. Cassidiilina subglobosa, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 60; 18S4, FC, p. 430, pi. liv, fig. 17. Cassidulina subglobosa, Chapman, 1907, TFV, p. 33, pi. iv, fig. 84. Thirty-seven stations: 48, 51, 53, 235, 236, 388; WS 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 80, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 108, 109, 210, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 225, 245, 248, 408, 409. Universally distributed, but never occurring in such numbers as C. crassa. The best stations are WS 73, 76, 90, 92, 99. The specimens are fairly true to type, but on the whole rather small. At a few stations a variety occurs characterized by a somewhat compressed, or less than ordinarily inflated test. It usually occurs in company with the type, but at WS 86 it occurs without the type. 163. Cassidulina parkeriana, Brady (Plate IX, figs. 22-25). Cassiduliuaparkeriana, Brady, iS79,etc., RRC, i88i,p.59; 18S4, FC, p. 432, pi. liv, figs. 11-16. Cassidulina parkeriana, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1911, p. 100, fig. 154. Cassidulina parkeriana. Chapman, 1914, EDRS, p. 30, pi. ii, fig. 13. Thirty stations : 48, 51, 53, 388 ; WS 71, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 109, 210, 213, 215, 217, 219, 225, 245, 248. Almost universally distributed, never very common, but, except for a few stations, always present in moderate numbers. In the area between Cape Horn and the Burd- wood Bank (WS 83, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93) the species reaches its optimum development in size and beauty. At most of the stations two very distinct forms are present, the megalospheric form which is shorter, stouter and with comparatively few chambers in the straight series, and the microspheric form which is much more delicately con- structed, and with a long rectilinear series. The young specimens of this species before the adoption of the linear method of growth are by no means easy to separate from C. subglobosa. Genus Ehrenbergina, Reuss, 1850 164. Ehrenbergina pupa (d'Orbigny) (Plate IX, figs. 40-47). Cassidulina pupa, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 57, pi. vii, figs. 21-3. Ehrenbergina pupa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 433, pi. cxiii, fig. 10 a-c (not pi. hi, fig. i). Thirtystations:48,5i,236,388;WS7i,77,79,8o,83,S4,86,87,88,89, 90,91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 210, 213, 215, 217, 225, 245, 246, 248, 408, 433. Generally distributed, often very abundant. This typically Falkland Islands form is particularly rare elsewhere. In the Falkland Islands dredgings it occurs in great numbers, particularly at some of the stations, e.g. WS 83, 84, 87, 92, 93. At most of the stations there is considerable range of variation. D'Orbigny figures only a coarse triangular form. In the Falklands every range of variation is to be found, from short, broad, almost 36o DISCOVERY REPORTS sub-globular, to long and comparatively narrow individuals. It is probable that the extremes represent the micro- and megalospheric forms, and that the species is poly- morphic. It may be noted that Brady's fig. i on pi. Ivi, from a specimen from the Azores, certainly does not represent d'Orbigny's species. The d'Orbigny Types in Paris represent the long, adult form, the early stages not being represented. 165. Ehrenbergina hystrix var. glabra, Heron- Allen and Earland. Ehrenbergina serrata, Chapman, 1914, FORS, p. 31, pi. ii, fig. 16 (only). Ehrenbergina hystrix var. glabra, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 140, pi. v, figs. 1-6, II. Ehrenbergina hystrix var. glabra, Cushman, 1927, E, p. 4, pi. i, figs. 7, 8. Two stations: 236; WS 79. At these stations a few individuals with feebly spinous marginal edges were found, which we think should be attributed to the above. There is no doubt that they are merely spinous variations of the dominant local species E.piipa, and it would now seem probable to us that our variety is nearly related to that species and would have been more correctly placed as var. spinosa of E. pupa, than as var. glabra of E. hystrix. 166. Ehrenbergina bradyi, Cushman. Ehretibcrgifia scrraia, Brady (pars), 1884, EC, pi. Iv, figs. 2, 3, 5 (?) not 4, 6, 7. Ehretibergina bradyi, Cushman, 1918, etc., EAO, 1922, p. 134, pi. xxvi, fig. 5. Ehrenbergina bradyi, Cushman, 1927, E, p. 5, pi. ii, fig. i. One station: WS 88. A single good specimen. Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Genus Chilostomella, Reuss, 1850 167. Chilostomella oolina, Schwager (Plate IX, figs. 38, 39). Chilostomella oolina, Schwager, 1878, TDS, p. 528, pi. i, fig. 16. Chilostoynella ovoidea, Brady, 1884, EC, p. 436, pi. Iv, figs. 14, 17, 18. Chilostomella oolina, Cushman, 1925, LER, i, p. 74, pi. xi, figs. 3-10. Eour stations: 228, 230; WS 83, 408. Two specimens at 230 and a single one at the remaining stations. It is rather curious that these four stations lie in the same area, and almost in a continuous line between the end of Staten Island and the southern extremity of the Falklands. Genus Seabrookia, Brady 1890 168. Seabrookia earlandi, Wright (Plate X, figs. 1-3). Seabrookia earlandi, Wright, 1891, SWI, p. 477, pi. xx, figs. 6, 7. Seabrookia earlandi, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 72, pi. v, figs. 10-12. One station: WS 83. Two specimens. This little species has a curiously wide distribution. It is probably often overlooked owing to its small size. LAGENINAE 361 Family LAGENIDAE Sub-family LAGENINAE Genus Lagena, Walker and Boys, 1784 169. Lagena globosa (Montagu). Serpiihi [Lagena) lacvis globosa, Walker and Boys, 1784, TMR, p. 3, pi. i, fig. 8. Vermiculmn globosuin, Montagu, 1803-S, TB, 1803, p. 523. Lagena globosa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 452, pi. Ivi, figs. 1-3. Eighteen stations : 48, 51 , 228, 236, 388 ; WS 71, 83, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 221 , 245, 248, 408, 433. As usual, extremely variable, the best specimens at WS 83 and 88. The variation extends to the surface of the test which varies from a smoothly hyaHne to a rough "matt" surface. Ento-ecto-solenian individuals at WS 83, 88. Practically all the forms of aperture figured by Brady (B. 1884, FC, p. 441) can be found among our specimens. There is a Type tube in Paris labelled Entosolenia globosa, from the Falkland Islands. This was probably added to the d'Orbigny collection at a later date as it is endorsed "Williamson, Britisch(«c) Forams. etc...." It contains a sHghtly compressed but other- wise typical L. globosa. 169 A. Lagena laevigata (d'Orbigny) (Plate X, fig. 4). Oolina laevigata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 19, pi. v, fig. 3. One station : WS 248. The single specimen which we figure has a solid conical neck of clear shell substance, and a basal stud of similar nature, both contrasting strongly with the milky white colour of the globular test. It is 0-50 mm. in length and 0-35 mm. in breadth. In spite of these dimensions we attribute our specimen to d'Orbigny's species which was described as "rare" in the Falkland Islands. It certainly agrees very well with d'Orbigny's de- scription of his species — "un pen acuminee en avant, arrondie en arriere, . . .ouverture etroite, placee a I'extremite d'un prolongement conique, et comme bordee par une partie plus transparent que le reste". D'Orbigny's description and figure, so far as the oral half is concerned, would very well correspond with our specimen. The agreement is not so complete as regards the basal portion, his figure having a line across the rounded base which suggests a Glandulifia. But this may be an attempt to reproduce a solid basal stud such as our specimen possesses. The size of the original type is given as I mm. diameter, the length not being stated. This is about a third of the size of our specimen. There is a tube among the Paris Types labelled Oolina laevigata, " lies Malouines ", which does not represent the specimen from which d'Orbigny's figure was drawn. It is undoubtedly Lagena globosa, being quite globular, hyaline, at the oral and aboral ex- tremities, but with a band of highly perforated shell substance surrounding its greater diameter and giving a false impression of a second chamber at the base. The Oolina laevigata of d'Orbigny has in our opinion no zoological specific value, but is merely one of the many variations of the ubiquitous species Lagena globosa (Montagu). 362 DISCOVERY REPORTS D'Orbigny's name appears to have been entirely overlooked by subsequent authors as we cannot trace any reference to it. Most unfortunately the specific name laevigata was used by Reuss for a very different and ubiquitous species, and under the rules of priority L. laevigata Reuss must in future be abandoned (see No. 210). 170. Lagena compressa (d'Orbigny), OoUna compressa, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 18, pi. v, figs, i, 2; 1846, FFV, p. 23, pi. xxi, figs. 1,2. One station: 48. The species occurs at this station and almost certainly elsewhere. Having no very distinctive features, it was not separated from L. marginata until the last moment and after seeing the Type specimens in Paris. There are in Paris two separate Type tubes, one labelled L. compressa, with reference to FAM, endorsed. This specimen is entirely de- composed by acid degeneration of the glass, nothing but a chitinous film remaining, which suggests L. orbignyana or L. bicarinata or some other of the multi-keeled forms. The other tube contains a single specimen, still in good preservation, of a turgid and almost keelless fissurine Lagena of the L. marginata group. It has no very distinctive features. D'Orbigny's figure exaggerates the keel — there is hardly any " keel" at all, but rather a thickened marginal edge to the shell, which, at the base, has a tendency to divide into two. It appears to have no specific value, but to be intermediate between L. margi- nata — the keelless type — and our species L. revertens (No. 2t,S post), which, however, has a pronounced neck, 171. Lagena stewartii, Wright. Lagena stewartii, Wright, 1910-11, ECM, p. 12, pi. ii, fig. 8. Lagena stewartii, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 81, pi. vi, figs. 2, 3. Three stations: WS 88, 90, 245. Occasional specimens at these, and probably at other stations. Wright's specific name, while probably having no zoological value, is useful for separating those specimens which have usually been recorded as "compressed" L. globosa. They are to be found wherever the type occurs. 172. Lagena ovum (Ehrenberg). Miliola ovum, Ehrenberg, 1843, MMO, p. 166; 1854, M, pi. xxiii, fig. 2 (?); pi. xxvii, fig. i ; pi. xxix, fig. 45 (?); pi. xxxi, fig. 4. Lagena ovum, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 454, pi. Ivi, fig. 5. Lagena ovum, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 73, pi. vi, fig. i. Two stations: WS 80, 83. Good specimens at WS 83, where also what appears to be a compressed variety occurs. Ehrenberg's figures are all, with the exceptions of pi. xxvii, fig. i, highly unsatisfactory, but the species is well identified by its specific name. LAGENINAE 363 173. Lagena botelliformis, Brady. Lagena boleUifortnis, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 60; 1884, FC, p. 454, pi. Ivi, fig. 6. Lagena botelliformis, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, igoi, p. 492, pi. viii, fig. 15. Three stations: 228; WS 87, 433. Rare and never very typical. 174. Lagena apiculata (Reuss). Oolina apiculata, Reuss, 1851, FKL, p. 22, pi. i, fig. i. Lagena apiculata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 453, pi. Ivi, figs. 15, 16 (only). Five stations: 228; WS 80, 83, 90, 92. Extremely rare, seldom more than a single specimen at each station. 175. Lagena inornata, d'Orbigny (Plate X, fig. 5). Oolina inornata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 21, pi. v, fig. 13. Lagena inornata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 320, pi. i, fig. 12. Four stations: WS 83, 88, 89, 225. The best at WS 88, where it was plentiful. It probably occurs at other stations where it was not separated from L.globosa or L. apiculata. We only record this species because it was originally described by d'Orbigny from the Falklands; it probably has no zoo- logical value, the specimens passing gradually into L. globosa on the one hand and L. apiculata on the other. From d'Orbigny 's description of the texture of the shell " son aspect est celui de verre depoli ", it would seem that his specimens were dead and worn shells. The Paris Type of Oolina inornata is hopelessly destroyed, but there is a tube obviously of later date than d'Orbigny labelled both " Entosolenia marginata var. lucida Will." and also ''Oolina inornata F.A.M." It contains d'Orbigny 's species and we have perfect metatypes from WS 88. 176. Lagena elongata (Ehrenberg). Miliola elongata, Ehrenberg, 1844, Ber. k. preuss. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, p. 274; 1845, p. 371 ; 1854, M, pi. XXV, fig. I A I. Lagena elongata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 12, pi. i, fig. 1^. Two stations: 228; WS 217. A single specimen at each station; that at 228 remarkably fine and large. 177. Lagena gracillima (Seguenza). Amphorina gracilis, Costa, 1853, etc., PRN, 1856, p. 121, pi. xi, fig. 11. Aniphorina gracillima, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 51, pi. i, fig. 37. Lagena gracillima, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 456, pi. Ivi, figs. 19-28. Three stations: WS 217, 225, 408. The majority of the specimens at WS 217 and 225 are of the curious curved variety figured by Brady (1884) pi. Ivi, figs. 20 and 24 (only). Straight specimens also occurred at WS 217. 364 DISCOVERY REPORTS 178. Lagena clavata (d'Orbigny). Oolina clavata, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 24, pi. i, figs. 2, 3. Lagena clavata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 320, pi. i, fig. 13 (only). Lagena clavata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 9, pi. ii, fig. 3. Two stations: WS 89, 217. Very rare but occurs typically at these stations, and quite conformable to the Paris Type which is of the rather pointed form. 179. Lagena laevis (Montagu). Vermiculum laeve, Montagu, 1803-8, TB, p. 524. Lagena laevis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 455, pi. Ivi, figs. 7, 8, 9, 12 (only). Lagena laevis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 77, pi. vi, fig. 5. Seven stations: 48; WS 83, 86, 89, 90, 99, 225. Curiously rare, as a rule only a single specimen at the stations where it occurs. Most frequent at WS 89 where, in addition to the type, the curved variety which we figured in 191 3 {ut supra) is found. The same variety occurs at WS 86, where the type was not observed. 180. Lagena hispidula, Cushman (Plate X, fig. 6). Lagena laevis, Brady (pars), 1884, FC, pi. Ivi, figs. 10, 11. Lagena hispidula, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 14, pi. v, figs. 2, 3. Six stations: WS 76, 88, 93, 215, 217, 433. Very rare, usually only a single specimen at each station. Cushman founded his species on the two figures (10 and 1 1) of Brady's series of L. laevis in which the surface is " matt " or finely hispid. These Challenger specimens came from the Southern Ocean and the South Atlantic respectively. Cushman records it from many localities in the North Pacific. Length averages about 0-30 mm. 181. Lagena hispida, Reuss (Plate X, figs. 7, 8). Lagena hispida, Reuss, 1858, FP, p. 434; 1862, FFL, p. 335, pi. vi, figs. 77-9. Lagena hispida, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 459, pi. Ivii, figs. 1-4; pi. lix, figs. 2-5. Lagena hispida, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 243, pi. xli, fig. 16. Five stations: WS 76, 98, 210, 217, 225. A few specimens at each. In dealing with L. hispida in 1916 {ut supra), we expressed our opinion that L. hispida is one of those species of Lagena with a compound shell structure, i.e. "the shell structure can be separated into distinctive layers. The internal layer is normally clothed with a dense 'pile' of most delicate needles, of equal length, their points coalescing to form a rough or 'matt' surface. The spirally orna- mented neck is free from all exogenous growth. The ' matt' outer surface is very easily destroyed ; the spines then fall off" and only their bases are left, giving a faintly hispid surface to the test". We figured a British specimen showing this structure. It is an interesting thing to have this observation confirmed by specimens from the other end of the world. The Falkland specimens of L. hispida are, however, different, LAGENINAE 365 inasmuch as each of the dehcate needles of the " pile " terminates in a triradial extension, over which, perhaps, an outer "skin" of shell substance was formed in life, the triradial terminations of the spines serving as its support (Plate X, fig. 7). The "pile" of needles is, of course, very fragile, but there is a complete range of specimens, from undamaged individuals to those on which only a few needles are left projecting (Plate X, fig. 8) from what would otherwise be normal L. hispida as figured by Brady [lit supra) (fig. 2). Length, o-40-o-5o mm. Breadth of spinous specimen, 0-30 mm. Length of spines, about 0-02 mm. 182. Lagena aspera, Reuss. Lagena aspera, Reuss, 1861, FKM, p. 30^^, pi. i, fig. 5. Lagena aspera, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 457, pi. Ivii, figs. 7-10. Five stations: WS 88, 89, 90, 92, 99. Rarely more than a single specimen, except at WS 89 and 99, where good specimens were found. They are all of a pronounced globular type without a produced neck. At WS 99, a specimen with the upper half smooth, suggesting the Lagena balaniformis, Heron-Allen and Earland of the Moorabool deposits (H.-A. & E. 1924, FQM, p. 147, pi. ix, figs. 30, 31) but with a greater proportion of the shell rough. 183. Lagena lineata (WiUiamson). Entosolenia lineata, Williamson, 1848, BSGL, p. 18, pi. ii, fig. 18; 1858, RFGB, p. 9, pi. i, fig- 17- Lagena lineata, Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 336, pi. xiv, figs. 13, 14. Thirteen stations: WS 77, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 99, 221, 225, 248. Sometimes fairly common, the best at WS 88, 90 and 93. There is the usual range of variation in the coarseness of the markings, which vary from striae practically irresolvable under low magnifications to quite distinct costal lines. A complete range was observed at WS 93 ; at WS 92 all the specimens were coarsely, and at WS 88 all were feebly marked. 184. Lagena caudata (d'Orbigny) (Plate X, fig. 9). Oolina caudata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAiNI, p. 19, pi. v, fig. 6. Lagena caudata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 325, pi. iii, fig. 29. Sixteen stations: 228; WS 76, 79, 80, 83, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 217, 221, 225, 408. This little form which d'Orbigny described from the Falkland Islands as "pretty rare" occurs at a good many stations, often in considerable numbers. It appears to be a true local variation, for we cannot recall having seen it elsewhere, and the records are few and doubtful. At the same time it has probably no zoological value, for even in the Falkland area it is quite easy to obtain transition forms linking it with L. gracilis and L. distorna. But for the Falkland area, L. caudata remains a fitting name for those striate, or fully sulcate Lagenae characterized by a rapid diminution of the aboral end to a more or less produced spine or tube. The best specimens at WS 83 and 217. Length 366 DISCOVERY REPORTS averages 0-50 to o-6o mm. In the Paris Type the striae are clearly marked over the whole length of the shell as in d'Orbigny's figure; but there is often considerable variation in the strength and extent of the striae even among specimens from the same station. 185. Lagena gracilis, Williamson. Lagena gracilis, WillisLinson, 1848, BSGL, p. 13, pi. i, fig. 5 ; 1858, RFGB.p. 7, pi. l,figs. 12, 13. Lagena gracilis , Brady, 1884, FC, p. 464, pi. Iviii, figs. 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, ig, 23. Fifteen stations: 228, 230, 235, 236; WS 80, 83, 89, 92, 210, 215, 217, 221, 225, 248, 408. Frequent and variable. At many of the stations it seems to run into L. candata, d'Orbigny, and at others into L. distoma, Parker and Jones. At WS 217, where the best range of specimens occurred, everything intermediate between these species could be found. Coarsely costate specimens at 235 and WS 221. The most typical at 230 and 235 and WS 83, 225, 248. 186. Lagena distoma, Parker and Jones. Lagena distoma, Brady, 1864, RFS, p. 467, pi. xlviii, fig. 6; 1884, FC, p. 461, pi. Iviii, figs. 11-15. Lagena distoma, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 14, pi. iii, fig. 3 (only). Ten stations: 228, 236; WS 76, 80, 98, 109, 210, 217, 248, 433. Never very common and never attaining the large dimensions which it sometimes reaches, notably in the North Sea. Very good and typical specimens are found at 236 and WS 217. [At Cushman's reference {lit supra) fig. 2 is a reproduction of our figure (H.-A. & E. 1913, CI, pi. vi, fig. 6) of L. laevis var. distoma, Silvestri, an entirely diff'erent form.] 187. Lagena perlucida, Williamson. Lagena vulgaris var. perlucida, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 5, pi. i, figs. 7, 8. Lagena perlucida, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1908, etc., SB, 191 1, p. 320, pi. x, fig. 13. Seven stations: WS 83, 89, 92, 93, 225, 248, 408. Often numerous, especially at WS 83 and 92 . Some specimens approach L. striaticollis (d'Orbigny) in the development of minute basal spines arising from the costae. The Type of Ooliiia striaticollis could not be found in Paris. 188. Lagena striata (d'Orbigny) (Plate X, figs. 10-12). Oolina striata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 21, pi. v, fig. 12. Lagena vulgaris var. substriata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 7, fig. 14. Lagena striata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 460, pi. Ivii, figs. 22, 24, 28, 29, etc. Nineteen stations : 51, 228, 236; WS 79, 80, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 99, 210, 215, 217, 225,408, 433- The Oolina striata of d'Orbigny is described as from the Falkland Islands, where it is rare. D'Orbigny's Type is globular, covered with a great number of very fine striae. Typical specimens occur at seven stations only, the best being at WS 89, 215, 225. At these stations the globular form only is present; at other stations the globular form LAGENINAE 367 occurs in company with the much commoner elongated type, first figured by WiUiamson (lit supra) which is dominant at most of the stations. Particularly good at WS 89 and 217. The dimensions vary considerably. Three typical specimens of the d'Orbigny type were, respectively, 0-40, 0-50 and 0-55 mm. long, and 0-26, 0-26 and 0-33 mm. broad. 189. Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) (Plate X, figs. 13-15). Serpula {Lagena) striata. Walker and Boys, 1784, TMR, p. 2, pi. i, fig. 6. Serpiila (Lagena) striata, Walker and Jacob, 1798, AEM, p. 634, pi. xiv, fig. 5. Lagena sulcata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 462, pi. Ivii, figs. 23, 26, 33, 34. Twenty-one stations : 51, 228, 235, 236, 388 ; WS 71, 79, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 210, 213, 221, 225, 245, 248, 40S, 433. Generally distributed but never very common, and very variable both in the number and development of the costae. At WS 83, 221, 225 and 408, a very curious variety occurs characterized by a long neck, a basal "peg" and a small number (about 12) of very thin but strongly developed costae (Plate X, fig. 13). In a few perfect specimens found at WS 83, every third "costa" is extended in a straight flange up the neck (Plate X, fig. 14), but, as a rule, this delicate ornament is broken away so that in most of the specimens the costae are confined to the globular body. A somewhat similar form is figured by Sidebottom(S. 1912, etc.,LSP, I9i3,p. 173, pl.xv, fig. 24) who compared his specimen with L. alifera, Reuss (R. 1870, FSP, p. 467, v. S. 1870, FSP, pi. iii, figs. 15, 16, 21, 22). This variety usually represents the species in the stations mentioned above. At WS 91 and 245, single specimens of a very extraordinary form, 0-43 mm. long, 0-22 mm. broad, in which alternate costae are continued and form prominent flanges running straight up the neck. The flanges are bridged by annular outgrowths forming a ladder-like structure up the neck (Plate X, fig. 15). At 228 and WS 225, the costae are extended almost into wings. 190. Lagena lyellii (Seguenza). Amplwrina lyellii, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 52, pi. i, fig. 40. Lagena lyellii, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, FG, p. 27, pi. ii, fig. 2. Lagetia lyellii, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 79, pi. vi, fig. 8. Six stations: 388; WS 83, 89, 93, 221, 245. Usually only a single specimen, but with some variation in the strength of the costae. 191. Lagena vilardeboana (d'Orbigny) (Plate X, figs. 16-18). Oolina vilardeboana, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 19, pi. v, figs. 4-5. Nineteen stations 148, 51, 53, 388; WS 71, 79, 80, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,93, 95, 99, 225, 245, 408. D'Orbigny 's species has hitherto been regarded as a synonym for L. sulcata and as representing a short-necked variety of that species, a view justly based on the original figure and description, which merely describes a shell with 20-25 well-marked costae. But an examination of the Types in Paris disclosed three specimens mounted in the usual tube. One may be summarily dismissed — it is a specimen of L. squamosa (Mon- tagu). How and when it became associated cannot now be stated. The other two speci- mens, while agreeing in general form with d'Orbigny's figure, differ from it in the 368 DISCOVERY REPORTS possession of an ornament round the neck which d'Orbigny either failed to notice or could not see with the magnifications at his disposal. They agree with a form which is very generally distributed in the Falkland area, indeed often the commonest species of Lagena . D'Orbigny's figure and the subsequent figures of Reuss (R. 1862, FFL, p. 329, pi. iv, fig. 53 ; R. 1863, FCA, p. 144, pi. i, fig. 15) must therefore be discarded as mis- leading representations of the type which he intended to figure, and d'Orbigny's original description of L. vilordeboana "ovale, tres renflee, arrondie en arriere, un peu acuminee en avant, ornee en long de vingt a vingt-sept cotes saillantes tres prononcees; ouverture ronde, placee a I'extremite d'un prolongement mediocre. Couleur blanc uniforme " will require to be supplemented with the words " the costae merge round the neck and form a solid collar of shell substance which is covered with fine pitted depres- sions". We figure some typical specimens. These depressions on the collar mark the very close affinity of d'Orbigny's species to L. ivilliamsoni (Alcock). The two forms differ indeed only in the greater number of costae and the greater number and much smaller size of the depressions in the Falkland form. As the older species, L. vilardeboana must become the type of the costate Lagenae with hexagonal neck ornament, and L. williamsoni must be regarded as a more strongly marked variety of it. L. vilardeboana is widely distributed in the area and very often abundant. The best stations are WS 88, 90, 92, 93, 245. The species is very variable in the number and acuteness of the costae, and at several stations, notably WS 93, there is a complete gradation between L . vilardeboana and L . williamsoni. On the other hand , there are several stations at which it occurs to the exclusion of L. williamsoni. Average length, 0-40 mm.; breadth 0-22 mm. 192. Lagena williamsoni (Alcock) {non Harvey and Bailey). [note. In 1853, W. H. Harvey and J. W. Bailey published a description in Latin [Pioc. A. Nai. Set. Philadelphia, v. (1854), p. 431) of an organism under the name of Lagena williamsoni, which is clearly a Nodosaria, species problematical, but possibly scalaris (Batsch). We do not propose to interfere with the use of a name, which has been universally used for over half a century in favour of an incorrect diagnosis unaccompanied by any figure.] Entosolenia ivilliamsoni, Alcock, 1865, NHC, p. 195. Lagena williamsoni, Wright, 1877, RFDA, p. 104, pi. iv, fig. 14. Lagena williamsoni, Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, 1930, TFNC, p. 59, pi. viii, fig. 5. Fourteen stations: 48, 51 ; WS 76, 80, 83, 89, 92, 93, 97, 99, 210, 217, 225, 248. This very common British type, characterized by a pyriform shell which is decorated with 12-18 well-marked costae, merging into a collar of hexagonal ornament round the neck, is well distributed in the Falkland area, though never so abundant as L. vilarde- boana (d'Orbigny). The best specimens were recorded at WS 217, 248, where it was the only type and at WS 92, 93, where the two forms occurred together with intermediate links. LAGENINAE 369 193. Lagena isabella, d'Orbigny. Oolina isabella, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 20, pi. v, figs. 7, 8. (O. isabelleana on plate and in index.) Lagena isabella, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 330, pi. iv, figs. 55, 56. One station : WS 408. It occurs probably at many other stations. The specimens have more numerous costae than in d'Orbigny's figure. It is an intermediate form between L. sulcata and L. costata, of no zoological value ; and we merely record it because it was originally described by d'Orbigny from the Falkland Islands. The Paris Type tube contains seven specimens of no dominant character, the costae ranging in number from 8 to 10, giving us inter- mediate forms between L. costata and L. sulcata. 194. Lagena raricosta (d'Orbigny). Oolina raricosta, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 20, pi. v, figs. 10, 11. One station: WS 408. A single specimen, longer than d'Orbigny's figure suggests, but it agrees in the number of costae. D'Orbigny's name has no specific value, his species represents merely an intermediate variety like L. isabella. The Type of L. raricosta is missing. 195. Lagena costata (Williamson) (Plate X, figs. 19-24). Efitosolenia costata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 18. Lagena costata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 329, pi. iv, fig. 54. Lagena costata, Balkwill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 338, pi. xiv, figs. 3-5. Twenty-two stations: 51, 23s, 236, 388; WS 71, 83, 86,88,89,90,91,92,93,97,210, 213, 217, 221, 225, 245, 248, 408. One of the most abundant Lagenae of the area, very variable, practically every varia- tion in the number and strength of the costae being observed, and it would be possible to split up the specimens into a number of so-called species. It is best and most abundant at WS 83, 86. 196. Lagena acuticosta, Reuss. Lagena acuticosta, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 331, pi. v, fig. 63. Lagena acuticosta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 464, pi. Ivii, figs. 31, 32; pi. Iviii, figs. 20, 21. Seventeen stations: 48, 2j6, 388; WS 71, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 225, 248. Large and very handsome specimens occur, especially at 48, WS 87, 88, 248. They all belong to the "collared" type figured by Brady (fig. 31) except at WS 91 and 225, where a few typical specimens also occurred. 196 A. Lagena squamoso-sulcata, Heron-Allen and Earland. Lagena melo (intermediate variety), Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 237, pi. xliv, fig. 25. Lagena squamoso sulcata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 151, pi. v, figs. 15, 19. One station: 388. A single good specimen. 370 DISCOVERY REPORTS 197. Lagena squamosa (Montagu). Vermiculum squamosum, Montagu, 1803-8, TB, p. 526, pi. xiv, fig. 2. Lagena squamosa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 471, pi. Iviii, figs. 28-31. Seventeen stations: 48, 51, 388; WS 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 99, 217, 221, 245, 248. Never very abundant and, as might be expected, the species often varies in the direction of L. melo, one of d'Orbigny's local species. At different stations there is often a great difference in the size of the markings. At 51 they are all very coarse, at WS 89 all very small, but at WS 80 there is a complete range between coarsely and finely marked specimens. The best and most typical at WS 86 and 93. 198. Lagena squamosa var. montagui (Alcock). Entosoleiiia montagui, Alcock, 1865, NHC, p. 196. Lagena squamosa var. montagui, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 76, pi. vii, fig. 13. Two stations : WS 92, 245. A single specimen at each. That from WS 245 has the depressions arranged spirally round the shell. 199. Lagena reticulata (Macgillivray) . Lagenula reticulata, Macgillivray, 1843, HMAA, p. 38. Lagena reticulata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 333, pi. v, figs. 67, 68; 1863, FCA, p. 144, pi. i, fig. 16. One station: WS 225. Represented by a single specimen. 200. Lagena melo (d'Orbigny) (Plate X, figs. 25-27). Oolina melo, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 20, pi. v, fig. 9. Entosolenia squamosa var. catenulata, Williamson, 1848, BSGL, p. 19, pi. ii, fig. 20; 1858, RFGB, p. 13, pi. i,fig. 31. Lagena melo, Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 222, pi. xliv, fig. 21 (only). Fifteen stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 73, 83, 89, 90, 91, 97, 99, 210, 221, 225, 245, 248. This is one of d'Orbigny's species from the Falklands, and although there is a good deal of variation in the shape of the specimens and in the number of the "rows of dimples" (fossettes eti ligne) which he describes, yet at many stations perfectly typical examples can be found, notably at WS 73, 90 and 97. The specimens have been com- pared with the Types in Paris and are identical. Size very variable, up to 0-25 mm. long, 0-20 mm. broad. 201. Lagena catenulata, Reuss. (Not Entosolenia squamosa var. catenulata, Williamson, 1848, BSGL, p. 19, pi. ii, fig. 20.) Lagena catenulata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 332, pi. vi, fig. 75 (only). Lagena catenulata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 152, pi. v, figs. 16-18. Three stations: WS 93, 248, 433. Very rare but good specimens. Although Reuss 's figure purports to represent L. cate- nulata. Will., it is in our opinion quite a distinct form, and as such we have separated it. LAGENINAE 371 The question as to whether Reuss's figure can be known as L. catemilata, Reuss, Williamson's early form L. catemilata being regarded as a synomym of L. melo, is one of those controversial points to which we are not inclined to devote our attention or studies. 202. Lagena hexagona (Williamson). Entosolenia squamosa var. hexagona, Williamson, 1S48, BSGL, p. 20, pi. ii, 32, fig. 23; 1858, RFGB,p. 13, pi. i, fig. 32. Lagena hexagona, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 472, pi. Iviii, figs. 32, 33. Four stations: 236; WS 221, 248, 408. Only a few specimens at each station, but very fine and typical. 203. Lagena digitale, sp.n. (Plate X, figs. 28-30). Two stations: WS 89, 90. Test an oval flask with produced neck almost as long as the body, The whole surface, including the neck, covered with small pits resembling those upon a thimble. The depressions run more or less regularly in vertical lines but cannot be confounded with the markings of any species of the L. hexagona group. The presence of the long neck indicates an affinity with the L. laevis group. The species is a very striking one, quite distinct from anything with which we have hitherto been acquainted. Several specimens at WS 89 and a few at WS 90, both of which are close to the South American coast. Size and shape of test rather variable. Three specimens measured were 0-46, 0-37 and 0-38 mm. long, and 0-25, 0-20 and 0-22 mm. broad respectively. 204. Lagena foveolata, Reuss. Lagena foveolata, Reuss, 1862, FFL, p. 332, pi. v, fig. 65. Lagena foveolata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 15. Two stations: WS 408, 433. One very fine specimen at each station. 205. Lagena spumosa, Millett. Lagena spumosa, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 9, pi. i, fig. 9. Lagena spumosa, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 245, pi. xli, figs. 19, 20. Two stations : 228 ; WS 408. A few very good specimens at 228 and several at WS 408. 206. Lagena protea, Chaster. Lagena protea. Chaster, 1892, FS, p. 62, pi. i, fig. 14. Lagena protea, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1906, p. 15, pi. ii, fig. iS; 1912, etc., LSP, 1912, p. 247. Lagena protea, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 74, pi. vii, figs. 19, 20. Lagena hispidipholus, Pearcey, 1914, SNA, p. 1020, pi. ii, figs. 11-13. Three stations: 388; WS 83, 88. 372 DISCOVERY REPORTS Two small specimens at WS 83 and two large ones at 388 and WS 88 respectively, all similar to the British type of this "protean" organism. 207. Lagena cymbula, Heron-Allen and Earland. Lagena cymbula, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 90, pi. vii, figs. 16-18. Lagena cymbula, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, NSH, p. 129, pi. x, figs. 10-12. Two stations: 388; WS 93. A single typical specimen at each station. Its occurrence so far from the locus of origin, and the only records in British Seas, is noteworthy. 208. Lagena reniformis, Sidebottom (Plate X, figs. 31, 32). Lagena reniformis, Sidebottom, 1912, etc., LSP, 1913, p. 204, pi. xviii, figs. 14, 15. Lagena reniformis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 255, pi. xli, figs. 30-4. Two stations: WS 87, 93. A few, but quite typical specimens. The species, though always rare, is widely distributed. Length, 0-12 mm.; breadth, o-i6 mm.; thickness, o-o8 mm. 209. Lagena millettii, Chaster (Plate X, figs. 33, 34). Lagena millettii, Chaster, 1892, CS, p. 61, pi. i, fig. 10. Lagena millettii, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 83, pi. vi, fig. 10. Five stations: 388; WS 71, 88, 92, 408. A few specimens only. At WS 71 and 408, sharp-edged (length, 0-20 mm., breadth, o-io mm.), at WS 88 both sharp and round-edged, at WS 92, sharp-edged (length, 0-19 mm.; breadth, 0-13 mm.), and with a semicircular terminal hood instead of the circular hood characteristic of the other specimens, which agree in this respect with Chaster's type in our collection. 210. Lagena biancae (Seguenza) (Plate X, figs. 35-39). Fissiirina laevigata, Reuss, 1849-50, FOT, p. 366, pi. i (xlvi), fig. i. Lagena laevigata, (Reuss 7ion d'Orbigny) of subsequent authors. Fissurina biancae, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 57, pi. i, figs. 48-50. Fissurina biancae, A. Silvestri, 1902, LMT, p. 20, figs. 29-32. Twenty-eight stations : 48, 51, 228, 236, 388; WS 71, 76, 79, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 215, 217, 221, 225, 245, 248, 408, 409. It is unfortunate that a specific name so long and generally recognized as Lagena {Fissurina) laevigata (Reuss) should have to be abandoned, but under the law of priority this is inevitable, d'Orbigny having employed the specific name for a different organism (see No. 169 a). The selection of an alternative name has not been easy and, although we have devoted some time to a search of the literature prior to 1862, it is quite possible that we have overlooked some species having a prior claim to Fissurina biancae, Seguenza, which we have selected as an alternative name. Some earlier specific names were considered and dismissed for various reasons. LAGENINAE 373 Fissurina alata, Reuss, 1851, has a pronounced carina being intermediate between Lagena laevigata and L. marginata. Fissurina globosa, Bornemann, 1855, is merely an inflated form of F. laevigata and the two can be connected by intermediate variations. It might have been accepted as an alternative. But again priority of publication in- tervenes, Bornemann 's specific name having been used much earlier by Montagu (see No. 169). Seguenza (S. 1862, FMMM) figured and described a long series of fissurine Lagenae, many of which are but forms oi Lagena laevigata (Reuss), an extremely variable species. It appears therefore to be a case of selecting the earliest suitable specific name from his monograph. The first two species Fissurina solida and F. riigosula may be disregarded. They are too inflated for our purpose, and the surface of the test is described as rather rough, or rough, though the figures do not convey that impression to any extent. The next species Fissurina simplex would be very suitable for our requirements, but again priority intervenes, both Reuss (1851) and Terquem and BertheUn (1862) having used the specific name for two distinct forms. Fissurina deltoidea and F. latistoma which follow do not conform to requirements, but the sixth species Fissurina biancae bears a close resemblance, both in figure and description, to Fissurina laevigata, Reuss, and we have accordingly selected it to supersede that species. Universally distributed and often very abundant. At WS 83, it exhibits practically all the variations found elsewhere in the area. Besides the typical Reuss form there are others, notably a strongly punctate form. Such punctation is one of the most constant features of the species in the Falkland area. This particular form, which is very variable in size, good specimens averaging 0-30 mm. in length, 0-25 in breadth, presents two sub-variations ; in the first, the punctation is uniform all over the shell, in the second it is confined to the marginal area, the central area being hyaline and clear. Another variety is characterized by a limited number of much coarser perforations which may either be irregularly disposed, or arranged in lines upon the surface. The marginal edge varies enormously, from the acute angle of the type to a narrow, sharply produced keel in the one direction, and, in the other, to a bluntly rounded edge. A small variety common at WS 83 and occurring at several others is characterized by a roughly "matt" surface not due to the decomposition of the shell. The aperture is normally fissurine, but hooded specimens, otherwise absolutely identical with the fissurine, are found here and at several other stations. A remarkably fine trigonal specimen was found at WS 83 (Plate X, fig. 39). 211. Lagena acuta (Reuss). Fissurina acuta, Reuss, 1858, FP, p. 434; 1862, FFL, p. 340, pi. vii, figs. 90, 91. Lagena acuta, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 6, pi. xxxviii, fig. 6. Thirteen stations: 48; WS 71, 76, 80, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 210, 245, 248. Fissurine Lagenae with pointed bases occur rarely at many of the stations, but no very typical specimens were found. The best were at WS 88 and 210. At WS 83, a specimen was seen with two basal spines. 374 DISCOVERY REPORTS 212. Lagena fasciata (Egger). Oolina fasciata, Egger, 1857, MSO, p. 270, pi. i (v), figs. 12-15. Lagena fasciata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 495, pi. viii, fig. 19. Six stations: 48; WS 80, 83, 90, 92, 93. Occurs very infrequently as compared with the feebler type L. amiectetis, but occasional good and typical individuals were found, the best being at WS 80 and 90. 213. Lagena fasciata var. faba, Balkwill and Millett. Lagfjia faba, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, FG, p. Si, pi. ii, fig. 10. Lagena faba var. fasciata, Balkwill, and Millett, 1908, FG (reprint), p. 6, pi. ii, fig. 10. Lagena faba var . fasciata , Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 84. Two stations: WS 71, 83. A single specimen at each station. 214. Lagena lucida (Williamson). Entosolenia margiiiata var. lucida, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 10, pi. i, figs. 22, 23. Lagena lucida, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1906, p. 6, pi. i, figs. 9-12. Five stations: 48; WS 83, 87, 248, 408. Only a few specimens at each station, but absolutely typical. 215. Lagena annectens, Burrows and Holland (Plate X, figs. 40-44). Lagena annectens. Burrows and Holland, in Jones, Parker and Brady, 1866, etc., MFC, 1895, p. 203, pi. vii, fig. II. Lagena annectens, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 662. Lagena annectens, Fornasini, 1901, NNI, p. 50, text-fig. 4. Thirteen stations: 388; WS 71, 83, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 97, 215, 217, 248, 408. Moderately frequent. This is the most abundant species of a little group, the members of which are zoologically inseparable though they have been differentiated according to the varying prominence or strength of the crescentiform surface markings. They would perhaps have all been described under the senior specific name L. fasciata, Egger, but typical specimens of that species are comparatively infrequent in the Falkland material. The specimens referable to L. annectens are themselves subject to considerable varia- tion. Apiculate forms are comparatively common, and the worthlessness of this feature as a specific, or even varietal difference, is illustrated by our specimens, which vary from a mere basal thickening to a strongly produced spine (Plate X, fig. 43). Doubly apiculate specimens are by no means infrequent. At many stations, notably WS 71, 87 and 93, many of the specimens are ornamented with opaque spots in the glassy central portion of the shell. These appear to be lacunae, but whether natural or due to some parasitic growth we cannot say. There is great difference in the inflation of the shell ; in some the specimens are very thin with parallel faces, some are so inflated as to be semi-globular. The size varies greatly, averaging up to 0-40 mm. in length, 0-25 mm. in breadth. LAGENINAE 375 2 1 6. Lagena quadricostulata, Reuss. Lagena quadricostulata, Reuss, 1870, FSP, p. 409; von S. 1870, FSP, pi. iv, figs. 25-30. Lagena quadricostulata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 486, pi. lix, fig. 15. Three stations: 228; WS 88, 408. Typical specimens are very rare but occur at 228 and WS 408, at which latter station a trigonal specimen was also found. At WS 88, a curious variety almost quadrate in shape and very compressed occurred. 217. Lagena malcomsonii, Wright. Lagena laevigata var. malcomsonii, Wright, 1910-11, BCNI, p. 4, pi. i, figs, i, 2. Lagena malcomsonii, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 84, pi. vi, fig. 9. Ten stations: 228, 388; WS 83, 86, 89, 91, 92, 93, 221, 245. More generally distributed and more abundant than the sharp-edged L. quadrata, the best occurring at WS 88 where L. quadrata was also conspicuous. At the other two stations where L. quadrata was conspicuous, L. malcomsonii, though represented, was poorly developed. 218. Lagena quadrata (Williamson). Entosolenia morginata var. quadrata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 27. Lagena quadrata, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, FG, p. 81, pi. ii, fig. 8. Lagena quadrata, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1906, p. 8, pi. i, figs. 21, 22, pi. ii, figs. 1-3. Six stations: 388; WS 83, 88, 93, 221, 245. Often common, the best stations being WS 88, 93 and 221. 219. Lagena quadrata var. bispinosa, var.n. (Plate XI, figs, i, 2). Two stations: WS 88, 245. Test typically compressed and quadrate, furnished with a long entosolenian tube extending down one side of the shell and up the other nearly to mid-way of the shell. Furnished at the basal corners with two stiff, short, projecting spines, which appear to be solid extensions of the side-walls of the test. Two specimens at WS 88 and one at WS 245. In those from the first station the basal spines are extensions of the margin. In that from WS 245, they are extended outwards at an angle of 45°. Length of test, without spines, between o-i8 and 0-20 mm.; breadth, 0-13 mm. The specimens strongly suggest our species L.forficula (H.-A. & E., 1913, CI, p. 87, pi. vi, fig. 11), which diff"ers by the fact that that species has a rounded periphery and a long produced neck, with a hooked apertural end, and sHghtly incurving basal spines, suggesting its specific name. 220. Lagena uncinata, sp.n. (Plate XI, fig. 3). One station: WS 93. Test free, highly compressed, marginal edge acute but not carinate. Quadrate in form, the corners of the aboral end rounded off, the oral end produced into a curved 376 DISCOVERY REPORTS flat wing, furnished at the extremities with sharp hooks, which do not extend backwards beyond the wing. Aperture fissurine, with a short entosolenian tube. Length, 0-17 mm. Greatest breadth, at hooks, 0-14 mm. A single specimen. This very distinctive form bears a striking resemblance to No. 262, Lingidina falcata, a new species from the Falkland Islands, and was at first regarded as an immature stage of that species. But such can hardly be the case, as the hooks in Liugulina falcata are confined to the second chamber and would not appear on the first chamber, unless we are to suppose that they are formed and then resorbed. Its nearest ally in the genus Lagena would be L. falcata. Chaster (C. 1892, S, p. 61, pi. i, fig. 7), which species, however, is characterized by a thick and solid neck, furnished with recurved hooks. The body of that species is also much less compressed. 221. Lagena marginata (Walker and Boys). Serpula {Lagena) marginata. Walker and Boys, 1784, TMR, p. 2, pi. i, fig. 7. Lagena marginata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 476, pi. lix, figs. 21-3. Twenty-three stations: 48, 51, 236, 388; WS 71, 77, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 99. 215, 245, 248, 408. Often very abundant, the best at WS 88, at which station there was a considerable range in the width of the marginal carina. As a general rule the carinae of the Falkland area specimens are very poorly developed, often no more than a mere indication. At WS 71, 88, 91, 92, a few specimens occur with coarse punctations scattered irregularly over the test in addition to the ordinary fine punctation ; this gives a spotted appearance to the test. A similar characteristic was noted in connection with L. laevigata (No. 210). 222. Lagena marginata var. semimarginata, Reuss. Lagena marginata var. semimarginata, Reuss, 1870, FSP, p. 468; Schlicht, 1870, FSP, p. 11, pi. iv, figs. 4-6, 10-12. Lagefia marginata var. semimarginata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 477, pi. lix, figs. 17-19. Lagena marginata var. semimarginata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 619, pi. xiv, fig. i. Two stations: WS 210, 217. Some very good specimens at these stations. It is probably widely distributed, but has escaped attention owing to its similarity to some of the local variations of L. laevi- gata. 223. Lagena unguis, Heron-Allen and Earland. Lagena unguis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 86, pi. vii, figs. 1-3 ; 1913, FNS, p. 135 ; 1916, FSC, p. 46. Lagena unguis, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 60, pi. xi, fig. 7. Two stations: WS 88, 92. Several good specimens at WS 88 and one at WS 92. LAGENINAE 377 224. Lagena staphyllearia (Schwager). Fissiirina staphyllearia, Schwager, 1866, FKN, p. 209, pi. v. fig. 24. Lagena staphyllearia, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 474, pi. lix, figs. 8-11. Lagena staphyllearia, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 619, pi. xiv, fig. 2. Two stations: WS 88, 92. One excellent specimen at each station. 225. Lagena schlichti (Silvestri). Fissurina carinata {pars) Reuss, 1870, FSP, p. 469; Schlicht, 1870, FSP, pi. v, figs. 1-3. Fissiirina schlichti, Silvestri, 1902, LMT, p. 143, text-figs. 9-1 1. Lagena schlichti. Chapman, 1914, FORS, p. 66, pi. iv, fig. 27. Five stations: 48; WS 83, 90, 92, 93. Well represented but never very common. The best at WS 93. 226. Lagena lagenoides (Williamson) (Plate XI, figs. 4, 5). Entosolenia marginata var. lagenoides, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 11, pi. i, figs. 25, 26. Lagena lagenoides, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, FG, p. 82, pi. ii, fig. 11. Ten stations: 48, 388; WS 83, 88, 92, 93, 210, 221, 248, 433. The best specimens and the most numerous at WS 83 and 88, otherwise generally represented by a single specimen. They are all of the original British type, characterized by few tubuli in the peripheral wing. Length, about 0-30 mm.; breadth, 0-20 mm. Williamson's figures are, for him, surprisingly bad, but the British type is admirably figured by Balkwill and Millett {iit supra). It may be noted here that Reuss, in pur- porting to give reproductions of Williamson's figures {tit supra) (R. 1862, FFL, p. 324, pi. ii, figs. 27, 28) has named them on the plate "L. oppendicidata Will." This is quite inexplicable, there being, so far as we know, no other record of this specific name. 227. Lagena lagenoides var. radiata (Seguenza) (Plate XI, figs. 6-8). Fissiirina radiata, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 70, pi. ii, figs. 42, 43. Fissurina radiata, Silvestri, 1902, LMT, p. 145, figs. 20-2. Lagena lagenoides, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 479, pi. Ix, figs. 13, 14 (only). Lagena siib-lagenoides, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 40, pl. xvi, fig. 4. Two stations : 228 ; WS 408. At WS 408 the species is represented by three very fine specimens of the form sepa- rated by Seguenza (itt supra). We do not think they would be worth recording separately but for the fact that they difl^er so markedly from the normal Falkland type. Cushman in creating his species L. sub-lagenoides for two of Brady's series of figures has apparently overlooked Seguenza's species. The Falkland Islands specimens do not exhibit the sigmoid curve of the wing figured by Silvestri {ut supra). At 228, the variety is repre- sented by a single trigonal specimen which we figure (Plate XI, fig. 8). Average length, 070 mm.; breadth, 0-42 mm.; thickness, 0-15 mm. 378 DISCOVERY REPORTS 228. Lagena lagenoides var. tenuistriata, Brady. Lagena tubulifera var. tenuistriata, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 61. Lagena lagenoides var. tenuistriata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 479, pi. Ix, figs. 11, 15, 16. Lagena lagenoides var. tenuistriata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 39, pi. xvi, fig. 3. Four stations: 230; WS 93, 217, 245. A single specimen at each station, all of them identical in form with British specimens but somewhat larger. 229. Lagena ornata (Williamson). Entosolenia marginata var. ornata, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 11, pi. i, fig. 24. Lagena ornata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 88, pi. vii, fig. 8. Two stations: WS 88, 90. A single typical specimen of this very distinctive form at each station. Outside British seas, where it is abundant, the records are few and far apart. 230. Lagena quadralata, Brady (Plate XI, figs. 9-12). Lagena quadralata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 464, pi. Ixi, fig. 3. Four stations : 228, 235 ; WS 83, 93. Brady lays stress on the fact that his species has four wings only, but we have speci- mens, not only from the Falklands but elsewhere, exhibiting a varying number of wings, between four and eight, but otherwise agreeing with his figure and description. The number of wings appears therefore to be useless for the purposes of diagnosis. A more reliable feature is the constant presence of the conspicuous tubules in the wing to which he also refers. These appear to indicate an affinity with Lagena lagenoides. Will., and we think it probable that Brady's species is merely a polygonal form of that species. We therefore suggest as an amended description: "Test flask-shaped, with a produced and sometimes elongate neck, from the base of which a varying number of conspicuously tubulated wings originate, and vertically encircling the test, join at the base. The space between the wings is filled with weak vertical striae". L. quadralata was found in some numbers at WS 83, single specimens only at the other stations. Average length, 0-22 mm.; breadth, o-ii mm. 231. Lagena marginato-perforata, Seguenza. Lagena marginato-perforata, Seguenza, 1879-80, FTR, p. 332, pi. xvii, fig. 34. Lagena marginato-perforata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 86, pi. vii, figs. 5, 6. Lagena marginato-perforata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 663, pi. 1, figs- 24-30- Five stations: WS 83, 88, 90, 92, 93. A single strongly marked specimen at each station. LAGENINAE 379 232. Lagena fimbriata, Brady (Plate XI, figs. 13 16). Lagena fimbriata, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 61 ; 1884, FC, p. 486, pi. Ix, figs. 26-8. Lagena fimbriata, Sidebottom, 1912, etc., LSP, 1912, p. 422. pi. xx, figs. 24-6. Eleven stations: 51, 236; WS 80, 83, 88, 92, 93, 97, 248, 408, 433. The Falkland specimens are quite good and typical, the best at WS 88, 93 and 97. Trigonal specimens at WS 83 and 93 (Plate XI, fig. 16). At 236, the specimens have abnormally developed fimbriate bases. There is a constant tendency to pass into L. auri- ciilata by the filling in of the basal excavation at its central point so as to form two separate loops. At WS 433 a specimen showing the fine spinous processes figured by Brady, pi. Ix, fig. 26 and referred to by Sidebottom {lit supra). Size varies greatly, ranging up to 0-35 mm. or more in length, 0-25 mm. in breadth. 233. Lagena fimbriata var. occlusa, Sidebottom (Plate XI, figs. 17, 18). Lagena fimbriata, Brady, var.n. occlusa, Sidebottom, 1912, LSP, p. 423, pi. xx, figs. 27, 28. One station: WS 89. Two specimens of the broad variety (fig. 28 supra). Length, 0-23 mm.; breadth, 0-20 mm.; thickness, 0-13 mm. 234. Lagena danica, Madsen (Plate XI, figs. 19, 20). Lagena danica, Madsen, 1895, FDH, p. 196, pi. O, fig. 4. Lagena danica. Goes, 1896, DOA, p. 53, pi. v, figs. 11, 12. Four stations: 48, 388; WS 88, 90. Single specimens at each, the best at WS 88. Although the basal wings are well marked in side view, they do not project, with the result that the edge view shows even less of a basal cleft than in Madsen's figure. The base of our specimen is flat, and abruptly truncated as shown in our figure 20. 235. Lagena rizzae (Seguenza). Fissurina rizzae, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 72, pi. ii, fig. 50. Lagena rizzae, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 89, pi. vii, fig. 9. Lagena quadrata var. rizzae, Cushman, 1910, etc. FNP, 1913, p. 35, pi. xix, fig. 4. Three stations: WS 83, 88, 90. A single specimen at each. This little species has probably been overlooked at some of the other stations. 236. Lagena bicarinata (Terquem). Fissurina bicarinata, Terquem, 1882, FEP, p. 31, pi. i (ix), fig. 24. Lagena bicarinata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FSC, p. 46, pi. vii, figs. 2, 3. Four stations : WS 77, 83, 90, 92. Typical specimens are extremely rare. The best at WS 83 and 90. There is a con- siderable amount of variation, not only in the shape of the test, which varies from 380 DISCOVERY REPORTS circular to oval, but also in the texture of the shell. Usually glassy, though at some stations it varies from glassy, through "matt", to rough in surface texture. 237. Lagena bicarinata (Terquem) var. occlusa, var.n. (Plate XI, figs. 21, 22). Two stations: WS 83, 88. In this variety the marginal edges of the keels are more or less closed in. It bears the same relationship to the type as did Sidebottom's var. occlusa to the type of L.fimbriata (S. 1912, etc., LSP, 1912, p. 423, pi. XX, figs. 27, 28). Length, 0-20 mm.; breadth, 0-15 mm.; thickness, o-ii mm. 238. Lagena revertens, sp.n. (Plate XI, figs. 23-28). Twelve stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 83, 86, 87, 88, 93, 221, 245, 248, 408. Test flask-shaped, compressed, furnished with a more or less extended or compressed neck, terminating in a lipped extremity, which carries the fissurine aperture. From this lip extend two keels, which may, in rare instances, encircle the shell (fig. 27). Usually there is a solution of continuity at the aboral end of the shell, where the keels return upon themselves in independent loops, which are separated by a space of varying dimen- sions (fig. 28). This basal space in the periphery may be either smooth, or furnished with a knob or projecting spine of varying size. The texture of the two faces of the shell is very variable also, ranging from clear glassy transparency to a semi-opaque rugosity. Size variable, averages about 0-45 mm. long, 0-30 mm. broad, 0-24 mm. thick. The foregoing description is an attempt to portray one of the most frequent, yet variable of the Falkland Islands Lagenae. It is very typical of many stations, notably WS 83, 86, 93, 245 and 248, and at the same stations the full range of form and surface texture may be found, thus showing the futility of any attempt to separate varieties by these characteristics. It is not at all clear whether its affinities are with the keeled L. bicarinata group, or with the looped L. auriciilata group, neither of which is strongly represented in the area. 239. Lagena bisulcata, sp.n. (Plate XI, figs. 29-32). Four stations: WS 86, 90, 215, 217. Test nearly circular, slightly produced at the oral extremity which covers a fissurine aperture; thick -walled, turgid, marginal wall thickened, rounded, and forming a solid thick keel round the basal half of the shell ; the aboral half of each face of the shell is separated from the peripheral edge by a broad, rounded shallow groove which extends right round the basal half of the face; texture smooth and glassy, becoming opaque in dead shells; dull and roughened in the grooves. Average length of good specimens about 0-30 mm.; breadth, the same; thickness, 0-20 mm. This is a very characteristic species, never very abundant. Best and most numerous at WS 217. Its affinities are not very clear, but Brady ffgures a somewhat similar form (B. 1884, FC, pi. lix, fig. 7) under the name Lagena quadricostulata , Reuss (?), which, LAGENINAE 381 however, differs from our species by the fact that the grooves are interrupted by a stout basal spine. No basal obstacle is present in the Falkland forms. Cushman also figures (C. 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 33, pi. xviii, fig. 2) a very similar form which he regards as a variety of L. alveolata, Brady and calls " var. plebeia". The figure is not very clear and we have not been able to see the types. If, however, it is allied to L. alveolata it should not have continuous grooves round the base. 240. Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza). Fissurina orbignyana, Seguenza, 1862, FMMM, p. 66, pi. ii, figs. 25, 26. Lagena orbignyana, Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 222, pi. xliv, fig. 20. Lagena orbignyana. Chapman, 1914, FORS, p. 66, pi. iv, fig. 29. Six stations: 51 ; WS 83, 84, 88, 217, 221. Singularly rare and usually small and weak. Excellent specimens however at WS 217. 241. Lagena orbignyana var. bifida, Heron-Allen and Earland. Lagena orbignyana var. bifida, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1924, FGM, p. 152, pi. ix, figs. 46-50. Two stations : 388 ; WS 92. A single specimen at each station referable to this variety. They differ from the Australian fossils only in being perfectly circular, instead of being oval, in plan. 242. Lagena pulchella, Brady (Plate XI, figs. 33, 34). Lagena pulchella, Brady, 1866, Rep. Brit. Ass. (1867), p. 70. Lagena pulchella, Brady, 1870, FTR, p. 294, pi. xii, fig. i a, b. Lagena pulchella, Balkvvill and Wright, 1885, DIS, p. 342, pi. xii, fig. 19. Eleven stations: WS 76, 80, 83, 92, 93, 97, 99, 210, 221, 225, 248. By contrast with the rarity of L. clathrata, the weakly developed L. pulchella is comparatively common in the Falkland material. The difference lies in the irregular distribution of the perpendicular costae, which in L. clathrata run in regular bars, whilst in L. pulchella they start from the upper and lower marginal edges, are slightly wavy, and often fade out to invisibility in the central area of the shell. The Falkland specimens vary considerably in the strength of their markings and there is often a tendency on the part of the costae to coalesce and form a reticulate marking linking it with L. laureata, Heron-Allen and Earland (No. 2^^ post). Length, about 0-20 mm.; breadth, o-i8 mm. 243. Lagena clathrata, Brady (Plate XI, figs. 35, 36). Lagena clathrata, Brady, 1884, EC, p. 485, pi. Ix, fig. 4. Lagena clathrata, Balkwill and Millett, 1884, EG, p. 82, pi, ii, fig. 14. Three stations: 388; WS 88, 245. An excellent specimen at WS 88, very strongly marked, and several similar specimens 382 DISCOVERY REPORTS at 388 and WS 245. In all of them the central carina is double, the intervening space being divided into cellules by transverse bars. Length, 0-45 mm.; breadth, 0-28 mm.; thickness, 0-22 mm. 244. Lagena laureata, sp.n. (Plate XI, figs. 37-40). Thirteen stations: 51; WS 71, 83, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 221, 225, 248, 408. Test compressed, oval, increasing in width slightly towards the base. Furnished with a median keel, with or without subsidiary keels. From the median point of the base, costae diverge and follow the line of curvature of the edge of the shell : they are most strongly marked near the edges, and more feebly in the median area, where they rarely extend to more than one-third the length of the shell. The surface of the shell beyond the points to which the costae extend is somewhat coarsely areolated, the strength of the markings varying between coarse punctation of the shell and definite hexagonal orna- ment. The proportion of surface covered by costate or punctate markings varies greatly; as a rule the most strongly costate forms have otherwise the smoothest surface, whereas specimens with feeble surface costation often have strongly marked hexagonal pits. The whole ornamentation strongly suggests a laurel wreath encircling a "hammered" plaque. This is one of the most typical of the Falkland species, often abundant, notably at WS 83, 88. It varies greatly in size, the finest specimen, which we figure (fig. 37) from WS 86, is 0-35 mm. long, and 0-33 mm. broad as compared with average dimensions of about 0-20 mm. long, and o-i8 mm. broad. 245. Lagena auriculata, Brady (Plate XI, figs. 41-46). Lagena auriculata, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1881, p. 61 ; 1884, FC, p. 487, pi. Ix, figs. 29, 31, 33. Lagena auriculata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1901, p. 625, pi. xiv, fig. 15 (only). Eleven stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 76, 83, 88, 91, 92, 93, 221, 245. The best specimens at WS 83 and 93. At most of the stations the specimens are of the same form as the local variety of L. olveolata, and are with difiiculty separable without a close examination of the basal excavations. But at WS 83 and some other stations another, and very distinctive variety occurs, in which the auricles are very widely separated and tightly compressed. Size variable, average length about 0-25 mm.; breadth, 0-22 mm. 246. Lagena alveolata, Brady, var. separans, Sidebottom (Plate XI, figs. 47-49). Lagena alveolata var. separans, Sidebottom, 1912, etc., LSP, 1912, p. 425, pi. xxi, fig. 5. Seven stations: WS 83, 88, 91, 92, 93, 221, 248. Frequent, and very handsome specimens, especially at WS 83 and 88. The type, L. alveolata, as figured by Brady, does not occur in the Falkland material. Sidebottom 's specimens were from the South-west Pacific. Average length about 0-30 mm.; breadth, 0-28 mm.; thickness, 0-25 mm. NODOSARIINAE 383 Sub-family NODOSARIINAE Genus Nodosaria, Lamarck, 18 12 Note. Nodosariae with basal spines are not uncommon, but the Falkland material has furnished specimens of N. laevigata and rotiindata in which the spinous outgrowths attained a development which we have not seen elsewhere, and which does not appear to have been figured by other authors, although Millett has figured A'^. laevigata with fine spines (M. 1898, etc., FM, 1902, pi. xi, fig. i), also Cushman (C. 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, pi. xxiv, fig. i) and Flint (F. 1899, RFA, pi. Iv, fig. 3) have figured L. rotiindata with one or more stout basal spines. In the Falkland specimens, however, these spines attain a length and strength which constitute a very remarkable and outstanding feature of the test. We do not regard this spinous ornament as having any specific or varietal value : it is no doubt connected with the depth and conditions of the deposits. 247. Nodosaria rotundata (Reuss) (Plate XII, fig. i). Glandtdina rotundata, Reuss, 1849-50, FOT, p. 366, pi. xlvi (i), fig. 2. Nodosaria (G.) rotundata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 491, pi. Ixi, figs. 17-19. Six stations: 230, 235, 236; WS 99, 408, 433. The normal type is found only at WS 99. At all the other stations the specimens are large, and strongly spinous. Length, 1-32 mm. without spines, which are more than 0-15 mm. long. 248. Nodosaria laevigata, d'Orbigny (Plate XII, fig. 2). Nodosaria (G.) laevigata, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 252, no. i, pi. x, figs. 1-3. Nodosaria (G.) laevigata, Brady, 1884, FC, pp. 490, 493, pi. ixi, figs. 17-22, 32. Nodosaria (G.) laevigata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1902, p. 509, pi. xi, fig. i. Three stations: 235 ; WS 215, 408. The best at WS 408, where the specimens bear from one to many spines. Length, 1-45 mm. without spines, which were probably 0-20 mm. in length when perfect. The Type is missing. 249. Nodosaria radicula (Linne). Nautilus radicula, Linne, 1767, etc., SN (ed. xii), p. 1164. Nodosaria radicula, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 495, pi. Ixi, figs. 28-31. One station: WS 215. A single specimen. 250. Nodosaria scalaris (Batsch). Nautilus (Orthoceras) scalaris, Batsch, 1791, CS, p. 2, pi. ii, fig. 4. Nodosaria scalaris, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 510, pi. Ixiii, figs. 28-31 ; pi. Ixiv, figs. 16-19. Nodosaria scalaris, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 58, pi. xxiv, fig. 7. Seven stations: 388; WS 71, 83, 88, 93, 221, 408. Never very abundant, the best at WS 83. The general type at all the stations is similar to those commonly found in British dredgings, in which the sides of the test are practi- 384 DISCOVERY REPORTS cally parallel, there being no rapid increase in the diameter of the successive .chambers. The typical form, in which the chambers are few in number and increase rapidly in diameter towards the oral extremity, occurs at WS 71 and 93, but is much more finely costate than is usually the case. There is the usual variation, especially at WS 83, where the species is common, and included a marginuline specimen which might be attributed to Amphicoryne falx, Jones and Parker, but is doubtless merely a local sport of a common species. At the same station a complete series might be obtained linking up N. simplex and A'^. scalaris. 251. Nodosaria simplex, Silvestri. Nodosaria simplex, O. Silvestri, 1872, NFVI, p. 95, pi. xi, figs. 268-72. Nodosaria simplex, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 496, pi. Ixii, figs. 4-6. Nodosaria simplex, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 91, pi. viii, fig. i. Two stations: WS 83, 221. Very good specimens at WS 83 . 252. Nodosaria calomorpha, Reuss. Nodosaria calomorpha, Reuss, 1865-6, FABS, p. 129, pi. i, figs. 15-19. Nodosaria calomorpha, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 497, pi. Ixi, figs. 23-7. Seven stations: 388; WS 80, 83, 88, 89, 221, 225. Rare except at WS 83 and 88. The specimens seldom have more than two chambers. 253. Nodosaria filiformis, d'Orbigny. Nodosaria filiformis, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 253, no. 14. Nodosaria filiformis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 500, pi. Ixiii, figs. 3-5. One station: WS 89. One broken specimen. 254. Nodosaria communis, d'Orbigny. Nodosaria {Dentalina) communis, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 254, no. 35. Nodosaria communis, Brady, 1S84, FC, p. 504, pi. Ixii, figs. 19-22. Nodosaria communis, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 256, pi. xlii, figs. 1-2. Nine stations: 228, 388; WS 83, 88, 92, 213, 217, 245, 433. Occasional specimens, the best at WS 88 and 217. At WS 83, 217 and 245, they are all of the compressed vaginuline type figured by us [lit supra). The Type is missing. 254 A. Nodosaria roemeri (Neugeboren). Dentalina roemeri, Neugeboren, 1856, OLS, p. 82, pi. ii, figs. 13-17. Nodosaria roemeri, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 405, pi. Ixiii, fig. i. Nodosaria roemeri, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 55, pi. xxiv, figs. 4-6. One station: 388. Frequent. NODOSARIINAE 385 255. Nodosaria pauperata (d'Orbigny). Dentalina pauper ata, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 46, pi. i, figs. 57, 58. Nodosaria pauperata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 500, text-figs. 14 a:, b, c. Fifteen stations: 230, 235, 388; WS 76, 80, 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 215, 217, 225, 248, 408. Occasional specimens, often very large, and then generally broken. Except at 235 and WS 99 and 408, all the specimens are megalospheric. At WS 99 and 408, both megalospheric and microspheric specimens occur; at 235 the microspheric form only. The finest specimens are from 235 and WS 215 and 217. The Paris Type is missing. 256. Nodosaria soluta (Reuss). Dentalina soluta, Reuss, 1851, FSUB, p. 60, pi. iii, fig. 4. Nodosaria soluta, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 503, pi. Ixii, figs. 13-16; pi. l.xiv, fig. 28. Five stations: 228; WS 76, 245, 248, 433. An occasional specimen only, the best at WS 248. All megalospheric. 257. Nodosaria capitata, Boll. Nodosaria capitata. Boll, 1846, GDO, p. 177, pi. ii, fig. 13. Nodosaria capitata, Reuss, 1855, TNMD, p. 223, pi. i, fig. 4 ; 1865, FDO, p. 454, pi. i, figs. 8-10. Nodosaria capitata, Millett, 1898, etc., FM, 1902, p. 517, pi. xi, fig. 6. One station: 6 April 30. 54° 35' 30" S, 61° 25' 00" W. 320 m. A single megalospheric fragment of three chambers. The species is apparently very rare in the recent condition, indeed Millett 's record of a single fragment from the Malay Archipelago appears to constitute the only published record. But it is not un- common at several " Goldseeker" stations in deep v^^ater round the Scottish coast, and we have also specimens in our collection from "Challenger" station (No. uncertain), ^ 620 fms., and from the Bay of Naples, 1000 m. The species has many synonyms, of which Millett (supra) gives a selection. 258. Nodosaria pellita, Heron-Allen and Earland (Plate XII, figs. 3, 4). Nodosaria pellita, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 173, pi. vi, figs. 28, 29. Three stations: WS 83, 221, 248. Two specimens exactly comparable with the Type were found at WS 248. At WS 221 a single specimen from which the characteristic outer layer had almost entirely dis- appeared, leaving a very feeble hispid surface. A specimen in the same condition was found at WS 83, but this ran to four chambers arranged in a slightly curved series (fig. 4). The original description of the species , which was based on specimens dredged at 289 fms . off the Continental Shelf to the south-east of New Zealand (51° 30' 04" S, 172° i2'oo"E), will therefore require amendment in respect of the number of chambers, which was stated to be "two only". ' Our slide (from the Millett collection) is labelled "Chall. 8", but Challenger Stn. 8 is in the mid- Atlantic, 2700 fms. 386 DISCOVERY REPORTS The occurrence of this species so far from its original, and, as far as we know, its only recorded habitat, is noteworthy. Largest specimen (of two chambers) was 0-35 mm. long, and o-i6 mm. at its greatest breadth. The four-chambered specimen was 0-52 mm. long, and o-i6 mm. broad. 259. Nodosaria lepidula, Schwager (Plate XII, fig. 5). Nodosaria lepidula, Schwager, 1866, FKN, p. 210, pi. v, figs. 27-8. Nodosaria {Sagriiia}) lepidula, Schubert, 1911, FFB, p. 75, figs. 5 a-f. Nodosaria lepidula, Cushman, 1921, FP, p. 203, pi. xxxvi, fig. 6. One station: WS 90. A small specimen 0-28 mm. long, clearly referable to Schwager's species. A^. lepidula appears to be merely a straight form of the earlier dentaline N. adolphina of d'Orbigny. Genus Lingulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 260. Lingulina biloculi, Wright. Lingulina carinata var. biloculi, Wright, 1910-11, ECM, p. 13, pi. ii, fig. 10. Lingulina biloculi, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 94, pi. viii, figs. 5-7. Five stations: 388; WS 71, 83, 88, 92. Occasional specimens only. At WS 71 and 83, they are of the sharp-edged L. qiiad- rata type. At 388 and WS 88, of the rounded-edged Lagena malcomsonii type. At WS 92, both forms occur together. 261. Lingulina quadrata, Heron- Allen and Earland. Lingulina quadrata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 95, pi. viii, fig. 11. Lingulina quadrata, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 94, pi. xvii, fig. 12. Three stations: 388; WS 93, 408. Very rare ; at WS 93 some of the specimens are very narrow and hardly separable from L. biloculi. 262. Lingulina falcata, sp.n. (Plate XII, figs. 6-8). Four stations: 388; WS 83, 88, 93. ' Test hyaline, highly compressed, bilocular. The first chamber nearly circular in plan, furnished with a thickened edge. The second chamber varying in shape from an irregularly quadrate to an almost obtusely rounded chevron. The broad, curving anterior edge is solid and furnished at the outer extremities with a recurved hook, and is perforated with a fissurine aperture, sometimes connecting with a short entosolenian tube. Length, about 0-22 mm.; breadth, 0-14 mm. Occasional specimens at each station. This is a very distinctive little form. It may perhaps be a linguline and compressed development of Lagena falcata. Chaster {vide ante No. 220), which normally has a broad solid neck very similar in appearance to, though less extensive than, the final chamber of Lingulina falcata. In a single abnormal specimen. NODOSARIINAE 387 from WS 83, which we also figure (fig. 8), the anterior margin of the final chamber is simple, except at the line of junction of the initial chamber, where there are two pro- jecting solid beads, probably replacing the normal marginal hooks. This specimen is more quadrate in shape, being 0-21 mm. long, by o-i8 mm. broad. 263. Lingulina translucida, nom.nov. (Plate XII, figs. 9-1 1). LinguUna carinata var. scminuda, Heron-Allen and Earland (mow Hantken), 1916, FWS, p. 259, pi. xlii, figs. 6, 7. Lingulina seminiida, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 95, pi. xvii, fig. 11 (only). One station: WS 83. The pretty little form which we figured from Scottish waters [ut supra) occurs in some numbers at WS 83, and in view of its wide range and minute size we think Cushman's suggestion (ut supra) that it is distinct from Hantken 's species is probably correct. The original description was: "The test is bilocular, the last chamber forming quite three- fourths of the total bulk of the shell, and furnished with a long curving entosolenian tube which runs diagonally to the lower outer edge of the chamber. The margin of the entire shell is thickened and slightly constricted on its inner edge, so as to form a fine groove running round inside the edge of the shell. These markings we consider homo- logous with the sulci of the deep water form". The only comments suggested by the examination of the Falkland Islands specimens are that the oral end of the initial chamber appears to be absorbed, so as to form a large eroded aperture. This was also the case in the Scottish specimens, but as the eroded edge coincided with the sutural line it was overlooked. The groove round the edge is so slight as to be neghgible. The original drawing over-emphasized it. The test is very hyaline, and lenticular in section like the original model of L. carinata (d'Orbigny, 1826, Modele no. 26) to which our species is undoubtedly allied. Length, about o-i8 mm.; breadth, 0-15 mm.; thickness, o-io mm. 264. Lingulina vitrea, sp.n. (Plate XII, figs. 12-14). Three stations: 388; WS 88, 93. Test vitreous, smooth, compressed, consisting of a large reniform proloculum, fol- lowed by seven to ten chevron-formed chambers slightly embracing and very gradually increasing in size. Peripheral edge rounded and continuous (without lobulation). The central line of the shell is somewhat depressed, as if gouged out, and the terminal aper ture is simple, without entosolenian tube. Length, up to 0-35 mm.; greatest breadth, about o-io mm. This is a very distinctive form by reason of its depressed median line ; in some respects this is suggested by the section of the figures of L. carinata published by Haeusler (H. 1890, FST, pi. xiv, fig. 33 a). He refers to the L. elisa of Schwager (S. 1865, FJS, p. 115, pi. iv, figs. 20, 20 a) and his L. ovalis {he. cit. p. 116, pi. iv, figs. 21-24) of which the several figures exhibit a tendency, more or less pronounced, to present this feature, which he describes as "biscuit-shaped". DIV 13 388 DISCOVERY REPORTS One of the specimens figured probably represents the megalospheric form, the pro- loculum being equal in breadth to the subsequent chambers, which are only four in number. It is rare everywhere. Frondicularia, Defrance, 1824 264 A. Frondicularia sidebottomi, Cushman. Frondiculayia spathulata, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1907, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 26. Frondicularia spat/nilata, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 97, pi. viii, fig. 12. Frotidictilari sidebottomi, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 140, pi. xxi, fig. 6. One station: 388. Two good specimens. Genus Vaginulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 265. Vaginulina legumen (Linne). Nautilus legumen, Linne, 1788, SN (ed. xiii), p. 3373, no. 22. Vagimiliiia legumen, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 530, pi. Ixvi, figs. 13-15. Vaginulina legumen, Burrows, Sherborn and Bailey, 1890, RC, p. 559, pi. x, fig. 16. Eleven stations: 48, 388; WS 82, 86, 87, 88, 93, 217, 221, 248, 408. Only occasional specimens, excepting at WS 88, where it is abundant and variable, including many monstrous individuals, due usually to the fusion of two or more primordial chambers. 266. Vaginulina spinigera, Brady. Vaginulina spinigera, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 531, pi. Ixvii, figs. 13, 14. Vaginulina spinigera, Cushman, 1921, FP, p. 259, pi. xlii, fig. i. Three stations: 235 ; WS 215, 408. No perfect specimens, but fragments of the initial portions at each of the stations. Brady appears to lay stress on the presence of two or more spines as a specific feature. Two-spined specimens are, we must admit, the rule in British dredgings, but the present fragments, though possessing only a single spine, agree in other respects with the type, with which we are familiar from our own dredgings, and it does not seem worth while to separate the two forms on so trivial a point. 267. Vaginulina badenensis, d'Orbigny. Vaginulina badenensis, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 65, pi. iii, figs. 6-8. Vaginulina badenensis, Neugeboren, 1856, OLS, p. 98, pi. v, figs. 7, 8, 9. Vaginulina badenensis, Costa, 1853, etc., PRN, 1856, p. 181, pi. xii, figs. 16, a, A. One station: WS 88. A few megalospheric specimens only, conforming fairly well to d'Orbigny 's type though the spine is either absent or poorly developed. It may be a local variety. There is a Type tube in Paris labelled " V. badenensis, d'Orbigny Ipoly Sagh (Haut Hongrie)" NODOSARIINAE jgg which is probably not the original Type, coming as it does from Upper Hungary. These specimens in the tube agree on the whole with d'Orbigny's figures ; both megalo- and microspheric individuals are represented; the spine being either absent or broken, but the sutures are limbate, not depressed as indicated in d'Orbigny's figure. Genus Cristellaria, Lamarck, 1812 268. Cristellaria crepidula (Fichtel and Moll) (Plate XII, fig. 15). Nautilus crepidula, iMchtel and Moll, 1798, TM, p. 107, pi. xix, figs. g-i. Cristellaria crepidula, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 542, pi. Ixvii, figs. 17, 19, 20; pi. ixviii, figs, i, 2. Cristellaria crepidula, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FSC, p. 47, pi. vii, figs. 5-10. Twelve stations: 48, 388; WS 71, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 245, 246. Frequently abundant, particularly good at WS 84, 86, 87, 88. At the latter station an extraordinary series of specimens was obtained, ranging from megalospheric individuals attaining a large size to microspheric individuals of tiniest proportions. At this station also three specimens, one of which we figure, were obtained of paired individuals, attached to each other by a development of fine hair-like processes. The largest pair was 0-20 mm. in length, o-i8 mm. extreme width of pair. Two similar pairs were found at 388 where the species is frequent. 269. Cristellaria tenuissima, sp.n. (Plate XII, figs. 16-20). Eight stations: 388; WS 88, 90, 93, 97, 221, 246, 248. Test minute, hyaline, extremely compressed, consisting of eight to twelve lono-, narrow, wedge-shaped and tapering chambers, arranged in a curve from the prolo- culum, each chamber, in turn, forming the chord of the arc, and extending almost the whole length of the shell. Peripheral edge rounded, aperture normally radiate, sutural lines flush but distinct. Length, o-3o-o-40 mm.; breadth, o-8-o-i4 mm.; thickness, about 0-03 mm. Many specimens of this extremely delicate and graceful little form, but it is rare everywhere. A single specimen which we figure (fig. 20) from WS 248 may represent the megalospheric form. It has only five chambers following a large reniform proloculum and agrees with the Type in its high degree of compression, and in the shape of the chambers. On the other hand it may be referable to C. cymboides, d'Orbigny, with which it is otherwise in agreement. There is considerable variation in the size of the proloculum in the other specimens, which we have regarded as the microspheric form of C tenuissima (figs. i6-ig). C. tenuissima is fairly distinctive, its nearest relative being probably C. cymboides d'Orbigny (d'O. 1846, FFV, p. 85, pi. iii, figs. 30, 31), from which it difl'ers by its extreme compression. A somewhat similar object is figured by Sidebottom under the name Vaginulina costata (Cornuel) (S. 1918, FECA, p. 139, pi. v, figs. 4, 5), but the test is very much larger. The form of the chambers is also more vaginuline and the sutures limbate. 13-2 390 DISCOVERY REPORTS 270. Cristellaria acutauricularis (Fichtel and Moll). NaiiUliis acutauricularis, Fichtel and Moll, 1798, TM, p. 102, pi. xviii, figs. g-i. Cristellaria acutauricularis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 543, pi. cxiv, fig. 17. Cristellaria acutauricularis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 69, pi. xxxv, fig. 2. One station: WS 225. A single typical individual. 271. Cristellaria hauerina, d'Orbigny. Cristellaria hauerina, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 84, pi. iii, figs. 24, 25. Cristellaria hauerina, Reuss, 1866, FABS, p. 140, pi. iii, figs. 2-4; 1870, FSP, p. 481 ; S, 1870, FSP, p. 47, pi. xiv, figs. 27-30; pi. XV, figs. 1-12. Cristellaria hauerina, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1915, FSC, p. 47, pi. viii, figs. 2-4. One station: WS 88. A number of very variable specimens which are nearer to von Schlicht's figures than to d'Orbigny 's original illustration, but the species seems to be extraordinarily variable, hardly any of the Falkland Islands specimens being identical. The Type is missing in Paris so we have not been able to single out any particular variation as fundamental. 272. Cristellaria obtusata, Reuss. Cristellaria obtusata, Reuss, 1870, FSP, p. 479; S. 1870, FSP, pi. xi, figs. 16-18. Cristellaria obtusata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 536, pi. Ixvi, fig. 17. One station: WS 88. One typical specimen. 273. Cristellaria lata (Cornuel). Marginulina lata, Cornuel, 1848, NFM, p. 252, pl. i, figs. 34-7. Cristellaria lata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 539, pl. Ixvii, fig. 18 a, b. Cristellaria lata, Burbach, 1886, etc., FLS, p. 500, pl. x, figs. lo-ii. Two stations: 388; WS 88. Some good specimens at each station, but the species is, zoologically, merely a broad variety of C. crepidida, which species, at this station, runs imperceptibly into it. 274. Cristellaria gibba, d'Orbigny. Cristellaria gibba, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 40, pl. vii, figs. 20, 21. Cristellaria gibba, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 546, pl. Ixix, figs. 8, 9. Cristellaria gibba. Chapman, 1914, EDRS, p. 44, pl. v, fig. 8. Fifteen stations: WS 71, 76, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 217, 221, 225, 408, 433. The finest specimens at WS 86 and 408, others almost equally good at WS 84, 87 and 88. At the remaining stations the specimens are as a rule very small. At WS 86, the specimens are large and more compressed than usual, forming a link between typical C gibba and C. crepidida. The Type is missing. NODOSARIINAE 391 275. Cristellaria orbicularis (d'Orbigny). Robulina orbicularis, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 288, no. 2, pi. xv, figs. 8, 9. Cristellaria orbicularis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 549, pi. Ixix, fig. 17. Cristellaria orbicularis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 67, pi. xxxvi, figs. 4, 5. Three stations : 48 ; WS 91, 93 . Extremely rare but quite conformable to the Type in Paris. One good specimen at 48, and one individual at WS 93. 276. Cristellaria rotulata (Lamarck) (Plate XII, fig. 21). Lenticulites rotulata, Lamarck, 1804, AM, p. 188, no. 3 ; 1816, TEM, pi. 466, fig. 5. Cristellaria rotulata, Parker and Jones, 1865, NAAF, p. 345, pi. xiii, fig. 19. Cristellaria rotulata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 547, pi. ixix, fig. 13. Twenty-three stations : 48, 236, 388; WS 71, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 109, 217, 221, 225, 246, 248, 408. Universally distributed and often fairly common. The finest and largest specimens at WS 408; very good at WS 83, 84, 86, 87, 88. At 236 and WS 217, 221, the species is represented by very small individuals. At WS 88 an abnormal specimen occurs, which we figure, representing the fusion of two megalospheres each of which has continued independent growth. 277. Cristellaria vortex (Fichtel and Moll). Nautilus vortex, Fichtel and Moll, 1798, TM, p. 33, pi. ii, figs. d-i. Cristellaria vortex, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 548, pi. Ixix, figs. 14-16. Cristellaria vortex, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 68, pl. xxxii, fig. 3. One station : WS 84. One or two good specimens at this station. 278. Cristellaria cultrata (Montfort). Robulus cultratus, Montfort, 1808-10, CS, i, p. 214, 54'' genre. Robulina sub-cultrata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 26, pl. v, figs. 19, 20. Robulina canariensis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 127, pl. iii, figs. 3, 4. Cristellaria cultrata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 550, pl. Ixx, figs. 4-6. Cristellaria cultrata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 64, pl. xxxix, fig. 4. Eleven stations: 235, 388; WS 83, 84, 87, 88, 91, 92, 97, 245, 408. The best specimens at WS 408. Other good ones at 388 and WS 88, but as a rule the specimens are poorly developed with scarcely apparent "keels". There are two Type tubes in Paris, one labelled R. cultrata, as on the Plate (pl. v, figs. 19, 20), " Amerique meridionale " in which the specimen is destroyed. In the other, labelled R. sub-cultrata, as in the Text, "lies Malouines", there are seven specimens, some of which agree, in the depth of their keel, with d'Orbigny 's figure on pl. v. The others have narrow keels and may be compared with his figure of R. catiariensis which he himself identified with R. stib-cultrata . It is evident that d'Orbigny was not hide-bound in his views upon the importance of the development of the keel. 392 DISCOVERY REPORTS 279. Cristellaria articulata (Reuss). Robulina articulata, Reuss, 1863-4, K.TF, p. 53, pi. v, fig. 62; pi. vi, fig. 63. Cristellaria articulata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 547, pi. Ixix, figs. 10-12. Six stations: 388; WS 71, 87, 88, 95, 97. A few specimens only, the best at 388 and WS 87 and 88. At nearly all the stations the species is represented by wild-growing individuals such as are figured by Brady (B. 1884, FC, pi. Ixix, figs. 1-4). 280. Cristellaria crassa, d'Orbigny. Cristellaria crassa, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 90, pl. iv, figs. 1-3. Cristellaria crassa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 549, pl. Ixx, figs, i a, b. Three stations: WS 97, 246, 408. Occasional specimens at each station. Very large and fine at WS 408, smaller, but typical, at WS 97, quite in conformity with the Type in Paris. 281. Cristellaria convergens, Bornemann. Cristellaria cofwergens, Bornemann, 1855, FSH, p. 327, p. xiii, figs. 16, 17. Cristellaria convergens, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 546, pl. Ixix, figs. 6, 7. Cristellaria convergens, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 262, pl. xiii, figs. 13, 14, One station: WS 83. Two very small specimens only. 282. Cristellaria angulata, Reuss (Plate XII, figs. 22, 23). Robulina angulata, Reuss, 185 1, PTO, p. 154, pi. viii, fig. 6. Cristellaria convergens {pars), (nan Bornemann) Heron- Allen and Earland, 191 6, FWS, p. 262, pl. xiii, figs. II, 12 (only). One station : WS 83 . A few small and weak specimens at this station, characterized by the straight peri- pheral edges of the chambers, forming an angled margin to the test. They appear to be nearer to C angulata (Reuss) from the Tertiary Shales of Upper Silesia {iit supra) than to any other form with which we are acquainted. Maximum breadth, about 0-30 mm. They are identical with some of the specimens which we figured from the West of Scotland {ut supra) under the name C. convergens, Born., but which we are now satisfied cannot be retained under that name. Sub-family POLYMORPHININAE Genus Polymorphina, d'Orbigny, 1826 283. Polymorphina lactea (Walker and Jacob). Serpula lactea, Walker and Jacob, 1798, AEM, p. 634, pl. xiv, fig. 4. Polymorphina lactea, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 559, pl. Ixxx, typical fig. 11 var. fig. 14. Five stations : 388 ; WS 83, 88, 89, 245. Few and usually very small, the best at WS 88. POLYMORPHININAE 393 284. Polymorphina plancii (d'Orbigny) (Plate XII, figs. 24, 25). Giittulinii pliiticii, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 60, pi. i, fig. 5. GiittuUna spicacformis (Roemer), sub Cushman and Ozawa, P, 1930, p. 31, pi. v, figs, i, 2. One station: WS 83. Two very good specimens from this station, recorded as a separate species, merely because the original record {GiittuUiia plancii) was made by d'Orbigny from the Bay of St Bias in Patagonia where it was described as "rare". The largest specimen is 0-35 mm. long, o-i8 mm. broad. The Paris Type tube contains two specimens, both rather affected by efflorescence but they were successfully cleaned. One is a fusiform type very much like d'Orbigny 's figure in outline, but more compressed and not exhibiting that inflation of the central chamber which is so strongly brought out in d'Orbigny 's figure. It is noteworthy that his description says only that the characters are " peu convexe, separees par des sutures peu profondes ". The Type specimen agrees therefore with the text much better than it does with the figure. Another specimen in the same tube is Lagena globosa. There appears little doubt that it is the actual specimen from which fig. i on pi. i was drawn According to the text this figure is Globiilino oiistralis, d'Orb. as also figs. 2, 3 and 4, which are true Polymorphinae and not in the least resembling fig. i . It would seem to be a case in which the survival of a Type specimen has justified the artist at the expense of the writer, who in this case are identical. D'Orbigny had two separate organisms, drew them correctly, and then mixed them up. Cushman and Ozawa {ut supra) have associated d'Orbigny 's species G. plancii with the earlier P. spicacformis, Roemer (R. 1838, CNTM, p. 386, pi. iii, fig. 31), this pre- sumably on comparison of the figure, as Roemer's species has inflated chambers and sunken sutures like d'Orbigny 's drawing, but not like his type specimen. 285. Polymorphina williamsoni, Terquem (Plate XII, figs. 26-28). Polymorphina lactea var. obloiga, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 71, pi. vi, figs. 149, 149 a. Polymorphina uiUiamsoni, Terquem, 1878, FIR, p. 37. Polymorphina oblonga, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, CI, p. 100, pi. viii, fig. 17. Polymorphina icilliamsoni, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930, FPD, p. 175. Sigmomorphina williamsoni (Terquem), Cushman and Ozawa, 1930, P, p. 139, pi. xxxviii, figs- 3. 4- Five stations: 388; WS 83, 88, 92, 408. Except at 388 and WS 88 and 92, the specimens are very small, and have an entoso- lenian tube in the final chamber. At WS 88, some very large specimens were found, and, at the same station, a small hyaline individual, furnished with a globular accessory chamber attached to the final one (fig. 28) . A similar variation was figured by Millett (M . 1898, etc., FM, 1903, p. 262, pi. V, fig. 5), who described it as " evidently a monstrosity ", otherwise the specimens would have to be ascribed to the genus Dimorphina . Sidebottom having found a few similar growths held the view that it could no longer be regarded as a 394 DISCOVERY REPORTS monstrosity and named it Dimorphina millettii {Q. i9i8,FECA,p. 145, pi. v, figs. 13, 14). We think this was a mistaken view, although Cushman and Ozawa accept the name in their recent monograph (tit supra). None of the figured individuals are identical as regards the exact position and size of the accessory chamber. In the Falkland Islands specimens the accessory chamber, instead of being attached to the apex of the shell, projects from the side of the final chamber, and, although itself furnished with a distinct aperture, connects with that chamber by absorption of the intermediate walls, and not through the oral aperture of the terminal chamber. At WS 408 a specimen, 0-4 mm. long, which is presumably megalospheric. It has only three chambers including the proloculum, which occupies about one-half of the entire test. 286. Polymorphina sororia, Reuss. Polyniorphina {Guttulina) sororia, Reuss, 1863, FCA, p. 151, pi. ii, figs. 25-9. Polymorphina jorona, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 562, pi. Ixxi, figs. 15, 16. One station: WS 88. Many excellent specimens. 287. Polymorphina gibba, d'Orbigny. Polymorphina {GlobitUna) gibba, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 266, no. 20, Modele no. 63. Polymorphina gibba, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 561, pi. Ixxi, fig. 12 a, b; fistulose, pi. Ixxiii, fig. 16. Two stations: 388; WS 88. A few small typical specimens. The Type is missing. 288. Polymorphina communis, d'Orbigny. Polymorphina (Guttulina) commimis, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 266, nos. 14 and 15, pi. xii, figs. 1-4, Modeles nos. 61, 62. Polymorphina communis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 568, pi. xxii, fig. 19. Four stations: 388; WS 84, 88, 93. Uncommon except at WS 88 where it is plentiful, but nearly all the specimens are abnormal. The original Type is missing. 289. Polymorphina problema, d'Orbigny. Polymorphina problema, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC {Guttulina), p. 266, no. 14, Modele no. 61 [Polymorphina). Polymorphina problema, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 568, pi. Ixxii, fig. 20; pi. Ixxiii, fig. i. One station: WS 71. A single small specimen. This Type is also missing. 290. Polymorphina oblonga, d'Orbigny. Polymorphina oblotiga, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 232, pi. xii, figs. 29-31. Polymorphina oblonga, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 569, pi. Ixxiii, figs. 2-4. Three stations : 48 ; WS 71 , 93. POLYMORPHININAE 395 The Specimens are very few in number and far from typical. The best are found at WS 93. The d'Orbigny Types in Paris, three in number, are in splendid condition and agree perfectly with his Plate, lit supra. 291. Polymorphina rotundata (Bornemann). Guttulina rotundata, Bornemann, 1855, FSH, p. 346, pi. .xviii, fig. 3. Polymorphina rotundata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 570, pi. Ixxiii, figs. 5-8. Three stations: 388; WS 88, 92. A single large specimen at WS 88 and WS 92, many at 388. 292. Polymorphina compressa, d'Orbigny. Polymorphina compressa, d'Orbigny, 1846, FFV, p. 233, pi. xii, figs. 32-4. Polymorphina compressa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 565, pi. Ixxii, figs. 9-1 1. Three stations: 388; WS 88, 221. Single specimens, generally small, at each station. The Type is missing. At 388 a very large and irregularly formed individual probably referable to this species. 293. Polymorphina complexa, Sidebottom. Polymorphina (?) complexa, Sidebottom, 1904, etc., RFD, 1907, p. 16, text-figs. 3-7, pi. iv, figs. 1-9. Polymorphina complexa, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1914, etc., FKA, 1915, p. 673, pi. li, figs. 1-3 ; FSC, p. 48, pi. viii, figs. 5-7. One station: WS 88. A few quite characteristic specimens of this very variable species. They generally resemble the forms figured by Sidebottom (figs. 3 and 4). The curious apertural pores are quite distinctive, and the colour is the characteristic "pale deHcate ivory", semi- transparent as in the Delos specimens. Genus Uvigerina, d'Orbigny, 1826 294. Uvigerina canariensis, d'Orbigny, 1826. Uvigerina canariensis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 138, pi. i, figs. 25-7. Uvigerina canariensis, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 573, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 1-3. Uvigerina canariensis, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 92, pi. xlii, fig. 6. Three stations : 48; WS 83, 92. Represented by a single specimen at each station, very fine and typical at the last two. The Paris Type is missing. 295. Uvigerina asperula, Czjzek. Uvigerina asperula, Czjzek, 1848, FWB, p. 146, pi. xiii, figs. 14, 15. Uvigerina asperula, Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 225, pi. xlv, fig. 5 (only). Uvigerina asperula, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. loi, pi. xhii, fig. i. Five stations: 230, 235, 236; WS 408, 433. ^'^ 14 396 DISCOVERY REPORTS Very good specimens especially at 236, but the markings are usually weaker than in Czjzek's figure, and much weaker than in Brady's illustrations. Some of the specimens at 230 and 236 showed a tendency to separate the later chambers, approaching U. inter- rupta, Brady. 296. Uvigerina interrupta, Brady. Uvigerina interrupta, Brady, 1879, etc., RRC, 1879, p. 274, pi. viii, figs. 17, 18; 1884, FC, p. 580, pi. Ixxv, figs. 12-14. Uvigerina interrupta, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 103, pi. xliv, fig. i. One station: 236. A few feeble individuals, which may be merely attenuated variations of U. asperula. 297. Uvigerina pygmaea, d'Orbigny. Uvigerina pygmaea, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 269, pi. xii, figs. 8, 9; Modele no. 67. Uvigerina pygmaea, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 575, pi. Ixxiv, figs. 11-14. Uvigerina peregrina, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1923, p. 166, pi. xlii, figs. 7-10. Uvigerina pygmaea, Cushman, 1925, etc., LFR, VI (1930), p. 62, pi. ix, figs. 14-20. Nineteen stations: 48, 235, 236; WS 73, 76, 83, 86, 87, 92, 98, 99, 108, 109, 210, 213, 215, 217, 225, 408. Far from common and never very typical. The best specimens at WS 86, 92, 210, 215 and 217. At some stations, notably 48 and WS 87 and 99, there is a tendency towards angularity of the test indicating an affinity with U. aiigulosa. Otherwise the specimens are all of the common Atlantic type, so well figured by Brady, and re-named U. peregrina by Cushman, to distinguish it from the more slender fossil type of d'Orbigny which he figures (lit supra). There is no Type to be found in Paris. 298. Uvigerina bifurcata, d'Orbigny (Plate XII, fig. 29). Uvigerina bifurcata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 53, pi. vii, fig. 17. Seventeen stations : 228, 230 ; WS 73, 76, 83, 88, 93, 98, 99, 109, 210, 215, 217, 225, 245, 248, 408. D'Orbigny's species is merely an elongate form of U. pygmaea to which he admits the affinity, but it is a characteristic feature of the Falkland area where d'Orbigny refers to it as " very common ". It is not common in the sense that U. angiilosa is common, but a fair number of specimens are to be found at the many stations where it is recorded. The best were at WS 76, 88, 93, 99, 210 and 248, notably at the two latter, where the tests were often very long. The shells are frequently twisted or otherwise deformed. Average size, about i-o mm. long; 0-38 mm. maximum breadth. The Paris Type tube contains five specimens, only two of which can be said to have much resemblance to d'Orbigny 's figure. They are many-chambered and very finely striate. Of the other specimens, one appears to be a specimen of d'Orbigny's U. raricosta, the others being smooth forms in no way referable to any of d'Orbigny's Falkland species. 299. Uvigerina raricosta, d'Orbigny (Plate XII, fig. 30). Uvigerina raricosta, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 53, pi. vii, fig. 15. Three stations: WS 76, 215, 408. POLYMORPHININAE 397 A few specimens which may perhaps be referred to d'Orbigny's species, characterized by a few widely separated costae. D'Orbigny's name has no specific value, the shells being merely variants of U. pygmoea. Length, about 0-30 mm. The Type was not to be found in Paris. 300. Uvigerina striata, d'Orbigny (Plate XII, fig. 31). Uvigerina striata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 53, pi. vii, fig. 16. Uvigerina teiiuistriata (non Reuss fide Cushman), Bagg, 1908, FHI, p. 151 (no fig.;. Uvigerina striata, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1913, p. 94, pi. xliii, fig. 5. Nine stations: 48; WS 84, 87, 91, 92, 93, 98, 246, 408. D'Orbigny's species was described from the Falkland Islands. He does not refer to its frequency. We have a few specimens referable to his form, which is distinguished by its doubly-pointed extremities. The best one from WS 93. It cannot be described as common and must not be confused with U. striata, Costa (C. 1853, etc., PRN, 1856, p. 266, pi. XV, fig. 3), which is a form of U.pygmaea. The specimen figured by Cushman {lit supra) is more coarsely costate than the d'Orbignyan figure suggests. The Type tube in Paris, labelled "Patagonia", contains one specimen. This, while conforming to d'Or- bigny's drawing in some respects, e.g. the spindle shape acutely pointed at both ends, differs from it in the lesser inflation of the chambers. It is, in fact, one of the many varieties of U. angulosa occurring in the Falkland area, characterized by sub-angular edges, slightly inflated chambers and very fine striation. Another tube, labelled merely "Amerique meridionale ", contains one of the very finely striate forms of U. angulosa and two of the variety separated as U. bifiircata. Length, up to o-8o mm.; breadth, 0-30 mm. 301. Uvigerina angulosa, Williamson (Plate XII, figs. 32-39). Uvigerina angulosa, Williamson, 1858, RFGB, p. 67, pi. v, fig. 140. Uvigerina angulosa. Chapman, 1914, EDRS, pp. 32, 44, pi. iii, fig. 22. All stations with the exception of 236 and WS 72, 78, 79, 94, 243. This is one of the most characteristic species of the Falkland area, often occurring in enormous numbers and ranging up to i-o mm. or more in length; moreover it is poly- morphic, and any attempt to separate its variations in the fashion so prevalent to-day would end in the production of quite a number of new species. The variations depend, primarily, on the size of the primordial chamber. In the microspheric form the pro- loculum is followed by a closely aggregated bunch of chambers and the complete test is short and broad. In the megalospheric test the earlier chambers are much more elon- gate, and result in a long drawn-out test almost parallel sided in the central part of its length. At nearly all the stations both the long and the short form occur in company. The long (or megalospheric) test usually predominates, often almost to the exclusion of the microspheric. At a few stations, notably WS 99 and 217, the short (or microspheric) form is more abundant. Very long individuals occur at WS 83,84,86,87,88,91,92,93. 14-2 398 DISCOVERY REPORTS At some of the stations, notably WS 92, 93, 213, 219, 245, the alternation of the shell is carried to such an extent that the final chambers are linear, i.e. it has become a Sagrina. The surface markings show a like range of variation, though the variations are not of very frequent occurrence. The general average of specimens resemble Williamson's figure, but at WS 88 and 91 smooth individuals occur with the type. At WS 97, 109, 210, 245, very coarsely sulcate specimens were observed. At WS 91 many of the individuals of the long type had curved tests. Other abnormalities noticed included a specimen at WS 108, in which, in addition to the normal final chamber, an accessory chamber with an oral aperture had budded out from the penultimate chamber (fig. 38). At WS 217, a specimen in which one of the later chambers was ornamented with coarse spines was found (fig. 39). 302. Uvigerina angulosa var. pauperata, var.n. (Plate XII, figs. 40-43). Six stations: 228, 230, 235, 236; WS 408, 433. Test minute, trihedral in the later stages, tending to inflation in the earlier chambers. In the arrangement of the chambers, it is similar to the type U. angulosa, presenting a short, broad microspheric and a long narrow megalospheric form. The surface of the chambers is marked with feeble intermittent costae, between which the surface of the shell is weakly hispid. The later chambers are sometimes somewhat undercut, and the final chamber terminates in a well-marked neck with a reverted lip. The aboral end sometimes terminates in a delicate spine. Length, up to 0-30 mm.; average breadth, o-io mm. This is probably only a pauperate form of U. angulosa. It bears a very close re- semblance to that species in the sectional views of its test and the general character of its ornament, but it appears to be separable as occupying a distinct region. All the stations at which it has been recorded lie just outside the continental shelf on which the Falkland Islands stand. The variety is probably almost co-extensive with the type, which it may replace in deeper waters. We have very similar examples from the " Albatross " station 2550 (39° 44' 30" N, 70° 30' 45" W) at 108 1 fms, and from Cyprus (beHeved to be a fossil). Genus Siphogenerina, Schlumberger, 1883 303. Siphogenerina dimorpha (Parker and Jones) (Plate XII, fig. 44). Uvigerina (Sagrina) dimorpha, Parker and Jones, 1865, NAAF, p. 364, pi. xviii, fig. 18. Siphogenerina dimorpha, Egger, 1893, FG, p. 317, pi. ix, fig. 30. Sagritta dimorpha, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1916, FWS, p. 266, pi. xlii, figs. 17, 18. Seven stations: WS 77, 87, 88, 91, 93, 221, 245. Except at WS 87 and 88, the species is represented by single individuals. At these two stations, notably WS 88, it was more abundant, and shewed extraordinary variation in length, ranging from the short type of Parker and Jones with only three final chambers, to a very long individual with no less than nine chambers in the linear series, which was 0-95 mm. long, and 0-20 mm. at the maximum breadth. GLOBIGERINIDAE 399 Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Genus Globigerina, d'Orbigny, 1826 304. Globigerina bulloides, d'Orbigny. Globigerina bulloides, d'Orbigny, TMC, p. 277, no. i ; Modeles no. 17 and 76. Globigerina bulloides, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 593, pi. Ixxvii; and pi. Ixxix, figs. 3-7. All stations with the exception of 53, 230 and WS 72, 77, 78, 94, 95, 108, 219, 243, 246. Universally distributed. At the same time it is not one of the common Falkland Islands species, excepting at WS 433. The specimens call for no particular comment except that at a few stations (WS 73, 98, 217 and 409) only very small individuals were found. The general average is large. Very large at WS 91 and 99. At 48 and 228, and WS 79 and 225, pelagic specimens still bearing their superficial spines were found. The Type tube in Paris labelled "Amerique meridionale" contained seven specimens, a mixed collection, probably not d'Orbigny 's selection at all. One specimen was typical G. bulloides, three were typical G. triloba, one G. sacculifera, Brady, one probably G. conglomerata, but much encrusted, and one too much encrusted for identification. 305. Globigerina triloba, Reuss. Globigerina triloba, Reuss, 1849-50, FOT, p. 374, pi. ii (xlvii), fig. 11. Globigerina triloba, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 595, pi. Ixxix, figs, i, 2; pi. Ixxxi, figs. 2, 3. All stations with the exception of 48 and WS 73, 77, 84, 94, 98, 108, 219, 221, 243. Universally distributed. The specimens are more abundant than those of G. bulloides and are very uniform in character. Pelagic (spinous) individuals were found at WS 71, 217, 246. At WS 80 and 217, specimens in which the final chamber was still in the thin glassy condition, denoting the process of formation, occurred. 306. Globigerina infiata, d'Orbigny. Globigerina inflata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 134, pi. ii, figs. 7-9. Globigerina inflata, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 601, pi. Ixxix, figs. 8-10. Twenty-seven stations: 51, 53, 228, 230, 235, 388; WS 71, 76, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 217, 221, 225, 245, 248, 408, 433. Quite the commonest species of Globigerina in the Falkland area and very uniform in character, practically the only variation lying in the comparative roughness of the surface. Very rough specimens at WS 93, 97, 99, 217 and 248. The Type is missing. 307. Globigerina dutertrei, d'Orbigny (Plate XIII, figs. 1-4). Globigerina dutertrei, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 84, pi. iv, figs. 19-21. Globigerina dutertrei, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 601, pi. Ixxxi, fig. i. All stations with the exception of 230, 235 and WS 77, 84, 98, 108, 109, 210, 213, 219, 243, 245, 246. The typical d'Orbignyan form with the high dome and inflated chambers with lobulate margin occurs at most of the stations. It merges by gradation, the height of the dome decreasing and the chambers becoming less inflated, until it assumes a more or less regularly quadrate form, hardly distinguishable from the young stages of G. con- glomerata, Schwager. 400 DISCOVERY REPORTS Average diameter, 0-30 mm.; height, 0-20 mm. D'Orbigny's figure, when compared with his Type specimen in Paris, was found to be considerably ideaUsed ; the inflation of the chambers and the depths of the sutures are exaggerated. On the other hand, the figure given by Brady ut supra is hardly sufficiently marked as regards these same characteristics ; but we have little doubt that it represents the same form as d'Orbigny's type. The Falkland specimens as figured by us are fairly typical, but thinner shelled and more delicate, as might be expected from the difference in latitude, compared with the Cuba types. 308. Globigerina conglomerata, Schwager (Plate XIII, figs. 5-8). Globigerina conglomerata, Schwager, 1866, FKN, p. 255, pi. vii, fig. 113. Globigerina dutertrei, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 601, pi. Ixxxi, fig. i. Globigerina dubia, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 595, pi. Ixxix, fig. 17. Globigerina eggeri, Rhumbler, 1900, NPF, p. 19, fig. 20. Globigerina conglomerata, Cushman, 1927, FWCA, p. 172. Universally distributed, the best stations being perhaps WS 91 and 248, but in most of the gatherings fine, typical specimens are to be found. The Globigerinae presenting quadrate bases, i.e. the last four chambers, usually of even size, fully visible as a perfect lobulated quadrangle, appear to be characteristic of the Falkland area, where they are very common, and widely distributed. It is not easy to settle upon the nomenclature. The earliest quadrate form, d'Orbigny's G. qiiadri- lobata (d'0. 1846, FFV, p. 164, pi. ix, figs. 7-10), does not seem to fit into the scheme of growth of the Falkland types. Rhumbler has figured, but not described, G. qiiadrangii- laris nom.nov.^ (R. 1909 etc., FPE, pi. xxx, figs. 18-21, nom.nov.), which agrees in plan but is too coarse in surface, and has not the large aperture characteristic of Schwager's species G. conglomerata. Under this name Schwager gives a basal view only, which is clearly identical with the basal view of our Falkland Islands specimens. Cushman, working on topo-types of Schwager's species, has identified G. conglomerata as the young stage of the form figured by Brady as G. dubia {non Egger), the intermediate stages being the form figured by Brady as G. dutertrei, but differing from d'Orbigny's type of that species in its depressed spire and comparatively continuous (not lobulated) periphery but, as will be seen from what we have stated, sjib G. dutertrei (No. 307) Brady's figure of that species is, in our opinion, reconcilable with that species. Schwa- ger's specific name conglomerata has therefore priority and includes G. dubia, Brady {non Egger). 309. Globigerina helicina, d'Orbigny. Globigerina helicina, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 277, no. 5. Globigerina helicina, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 605, pi. Ixxxi, figs. 4-5. Globigerina helicina, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1914, p. 12, pi. iii, figs, i, 2. One station: WS 88. 1 Our friend Dr Rhumbler has been good enough to send us the MS. of his unpublished text, from which it appears that his figured species is founded on Globigerina regidaris, Egger (E. 1893, KG, p. 163, pi. xiii, figs. 15-18), non Globigerina regularis, d'Orbigny (d'O. 1846, FFV, p. 162, pi. ix, figs. 1-3). GLOBIGERINIDAE 401 A single thick-walled specimen, very like Soldani's original figure (S. 1789, etc., T. i79i>I'Pt II, p. 118, pi. i^o, figs. qq,rr). See, however, our remarks upon this species in our 'Terra Nova' Report (H.-A. & E. 1922, TN, p. 192). In many of the Discovery materials, the affinity of this so-called species to G. dutertrei is very marked, and many specimens might have been ascribed to it. The Type tube of G. helicina in Paris from the " Sub-appenine of Rimini " contains a single large thick-walled Globigeriua in good con- dition. It does not correspond at all with the Soldanian figures, nor with the irregular forms usually associated with the species, but is a high-domed, square (four chambers to the convolution) test, with but slightly inflated chambers. It is no doubt the specimen from which the " Planche inedite " was prepared and which is reproduced in outline by Fornasini (F. 1898, GFI, p. 209, fig. 4). But so far as the specific name helicina goes the species must rest on Soldani's figures substantiated by Brady's later figures which are in general agreement. D'Orbigny's Type specimen never having been described or figured, except in the unpublished Planche, must be disregarded. Fornasini who was acquainted with the Planche, but not with the Type specimen, considered it to be identical with his own species G. adriatica (F. 1899, GA, p. 582, pi. iii, figs. 6, 7). 310. Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) (Plate XIII, figs. 9-13). Aristerospira pachy derma, Ehrenberg, 1873, LMT, p. 3S6, pi. i, fig. 4. Globigerina buUoides, Brady, 1878, RRNP ("Arctic variety"), p. 435, pi. xxi, fig. 10. Globigerina bidloides, var. borealis, Brady, 1882, FKE, pp. 716, 717. Globigerina pachyderma, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 600, pi. cxiv, figs. 19, 20. Globigerina pachyderma, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1922, TN, p. 190 (references). Twenty-six stations: 51, 53, 228, 230, 235, 236; WS 71, 83, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 95, 97, 99, 215, 217, 219, 221, 225, 245, 248, 408, 409, 432. Universally distributed and often very common, presenting every stage in the reduc- tion of the aperture, from an incurved arch on the final chamber to an almost impercep- tible depression in the centre of the basal plane. A full series illustrating these changes at WS 86, 87 and 245. At 230 a very curious thick-walled form occurs (figs. 12, 13), in which the sutural lines have almost vanished and the shell is almost spherical. The same feature, but in a less thick-walled form, occurs at WS 225 and 408. 311. Globigerina rubra, d'Orbigny. Globigerifia rubra, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 82, pi. iv, figs. 12, 14. Globigerina canariensis, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 133, pi. ii, figs. 10-12. Two stations : 5 1 ; WS 88. A small specimen at each station. They have the characteristic pink colour; in form they agree fairly well with d'Orbigny's G. canariensis which Brady and others have regarded as a synonym of G. rubra. D'Orbigny however gives the colour of G. canariensis as white, but both Types are missing. The Falkland specimens are not furnished with the subsidiary apertures that are characteristic of tropical specimens. 402 DISCOVERY REPORTS 312. Globigerina elevata, d'Orbigny. Globigerina elevata, d'Orbigny, 1840, CBP, p. 34, pi. iii, figs. 15, 16. Globigerina sp. (?) rubra, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 603, pi. Ixxxii, figs. 8, 9. Globigerina rubra, Heron-Allen and Earland, 1913, FNS, p. 131, pi. x, figs. 13-15. Nineteen stations : 228, 235, 236; WS 71, 73, 79, 83, 86, 88, 90, 92, 109, 221, 245, 248, 408, 409, 432. 433- Often very abundant, especially in the muddier gatherings. Particularly well- developed and plentiful at WS 71, 83, 88, 92 and 409. 313. Globigerina digitata, Brady. Globigerina digitata, Brady, 1879, RRC, p. 72 ; 1884, FC, p. 599, pi. Ixxx, figs. 6-10; pi. Ixxxii, figs. 6-7. Globigerina digitata, Cushman, 1918, etc., FAO, 1924, p. 11, pi. ii, figs. 9-1 1. One station: WS 108. A single, young, but unquestionable individual of this species, from WS 108. This station is well to the north of the Falkland Islands and close to the American coast, but a long way south of any Atlantic record known to us. The species is much commoner in the Pacific than in the Atlantic Ocean, but never of very frequent occurrence. Genus Orbulina, d'Orbigny, 1826 314. Orbulina universa, d'Orbigny. Orbulina universa, d'Orbigny, 1839, FC, p. 3, pi. i, fig. i. Orbulina universa, d'Orbigny, 1839, FIC, p. 123, pi. i, fig. i. Orbulina universa, Brady, 1884, FC, p. 608, pi. Ixxviii ; pi. Ixxxi, figs. 8-26; pi. Ixxxii, figs. 1-3. Nine stations: 388; WS 88, 91, 92, 93, 108, 210, 221, 248. The species is extraordinarily rare, never more than two or three specimens at a station, usually a single one. With the exception of WS 88, where a single thin-walled specimen with internal globigerine chambers was found, all the specimens are thick- walled, bottom-living individuals, mostly smaller than the average size. Genus PuUenia, Parker and Jones, 1862 315. Pullenia sphaeroides (d'Orbigny). Nonionina sphaeroides, d'Orbigny, 1826, TMC, p. 293, no. i, Modele no. 43. Pullenia sphaeroides, Carpenter, Parker and Jones, 1S62, IF, p. 184, pi. xii, figs. 11, 12. Pullenia sphaeroides, Brady, Parker and Jones, 1888, AB, p. 266, pi. xliii, figs. 21, 24. Pullenia sphaeroides, Cushman, 1910, etc., FNP, 1914, p. 20, pi. xi, fig. 2. Eight stations: 388; WS 86, 88, 90, 92, 408, 409, 433. The distribution of this species is curiously restricted. At three stations WS 86, 88 and 92 (which are on the Burdwood Bank, or on the Continental Shelf close to the American Coast), the species is represented by single small individuals (two at 388), but at the re- maining stations, which are beyond the Continental Shelf, the species is frequent, large GLOBIGERINIDAE 403 and typical (identical with the Type specimens in Paris), except at WS 409, which, although beyond the Continental Shelf, is near the Falkland Islands. Here the speci- mens are small and similar to those found upon the Shelf. 316. Pullenia subcarinata (d'Orbigny) (Plate XIII, fig. 14-18). Nonioniiia subcarinata, d'Orbigny, 1839, FAM, p. 28, pi. v, figs. 23, 24. Noiiioniua quiiiqiicloba, Reuss, 1851, FSUB, p. 71, pi. v, fig. 31. Pullenia quinqueloba, Brady, 1884, PC, p. 617, pi. Ixx.xiv, figs. 14, 15. Twenty-seven stations: 48, 51, 228, 236, 388; WS 71, 72, 76, 80, 84, 86, 88, 90, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99, 109, 210, 215, 217, 225, 245, 248, 408, 433. Often very common and attaining a very large size, the best being at WS 71, 76, 84, 88 and 91 . At WS 84, there was an extraordinary amount of variation in the inflation of the chambers and lobulation of the peripheral edge. D'Orbigny's species Nonionina subcarinata was described from the Falklands where he says it is not uncommon. It appears to have been entirely overlooked by subsequent authors, as we cannot trace any reference to the species, even in the synonomies of the subsequently created, and generally accepted, Nonionina quinqueloba, Reuss, 1851. It must not be confused with Nonionina subcarinata, Seguenza (S. 1862, RFC, p. 98, pi. i, fig- 3)' which, although also a Pullenia, is quite distinctive, having an inflated umbilical region and ten visible chambers. Pullenia subcarinata (d'Orbigny) is characterized by the possession of six visible external chambers and a somewhat inflated shell. Both of these characters are subject to great variation and we are unable to recognize any specific distinction between it and P. quinqueloba. The Falkland specimens show every gradation between the figures of Reuss and those of d'Orbigny and, much as we dislike to replace a name which has been generally accepted, we think that under the law of priority the name P. quin